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s SL = w
(Gs + Gs )w Gs = m2 m2
= w
1+e e m2
(Gs + Se)w Bulk Specific Gravity: SL = ; SR =
= Gs V2 w
1+e g = Gs (1 n)
When S=0:
1
Gs w
Relative Compaction: Atterberg Limits G =
d 1
d = R= PI = LL PL SL
1+e SR
Volume Weight d
When S=100%:
Se = Gs PL GI = (F 35)[0.2 + 0.005(LL 40)]
(Gs + e)w Relative Density/ LI = +0.01(F 15)(PI 10)
Vv Ww W sat = LL PL
e= = = 1+e Density Index:
Vs Ws V e e LI State
sub = sat w Dr = SI = PL SL LI < 0 Semisolid PI Description
Vv WS e e 0 < LI < 1 Plastic 0 Non-plastic
n= 0<e<
n d = (Gs 1)w LL
CI = LI > 1 Liquid 1-5 Slightly plastic
V e= V sub = 1 1
1n 1+e LL PI 5-10 Low plasticity
Vw d d qu Ac Class 10-20 Medium plasticity
0<n<1 d = Dr = PI
S= e 1+ Gs w 1 1 Ac = ; St = und AC < 0.7 Inactive 20-40 High plasticity
Vv n= zav =
d d
q u rem 0.7 < AC < 1.2 Normal >40 Very High plastic
1+e 1 + Gs = % passing 0.002mm AC > 1.2 Active