GENETICS STUDY GUIDE

A twisted
ladder; found in
chromosomes
Homozygous
dominant trait
2. WHAT DOES
THE NOTATION
The dominant trait TT MEAN IN
will be displayed
(phenotype)
GENETICS?
 Heterozygous
The dominant trait will
be displayed
Homozygous recessive
The recessive trait will be displayed
5. WHAT DOES A PUNNETT SQUARE SHOW?
The probability that a trait
will occur
6. THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A GENE

Alleles
AB
8. AN ALLELE WHOSE TRAIT SHOWS UP
EVEN IF JUST ONE ALLELE IS PRESENT
Dominant allele
11. MENDEL NOTICED WEAKER TRAITS WERE
HIDDEN BY STRONG TRAITS. WHAT ARE THESE
WEAKER TRAITS CALLED?
Recessive traits
12. WHAT IS AN ORGANISMS PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE OR VISIBLE TRAITS CALLED?
Phenotype
13. THE STUDY OF HOW TRAITS ARE
INHERITED THROUGH THE ACTIONS OF
ALLELES...
Genetics
14. IN PLANTS, TALL IS DOMINANT OVER
SHORT. ONE OF THE OFFSPRING IS
HETEROZYGOUS. WHAT WOULD THE PHENOTYPE
BE?
Tall
15. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A
HETEROZYGOUS PHENOTYPE
A phenotype is physical appearance, so
in plants if T = tall trait and t= short trait, a
heterozygous plant would be Tt = tall
16. WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM TO
REPRESENT THE HOMOZYGOUS ORGANISM?
Purebred
17. IF YOU CROSS FRECKLES (FF) WITH NO
FRECKLES, WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE
GENOTYPES?
Only one possible genotype- Ff
All will have freckles
18. WHICH COMBINATION OF SEX
CHROMOSOMES RESULTS IN A MALE HUMAN?

XY
19. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF
GENOTYPE?
The genes that make up an
organism
20. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF
PHENOTYPE?
The physical appearance of an organism
determined by its genes
21. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
CHROMOSOME, TRAIT, AND GENE
Chromosomes carry genes, which
determine your traits
22. WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN
ACQUIRED AND INHERITED TRAIT?
An acquired trait is something you do to
yourself to change your look but it wont be
passed on to offspring (piercings, tattoos,
dying your hair)
An inherited trait is something that can be
passed on to offspring (height, natural hair
color, eye color)
23. WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION?
Asexual reproduction involves one
parent; offspring are an exact replica; no
genetic diversity
Sexual reproduction involves two parents;
offspring have traits from both parents;
lots of genetic diversity
24. WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF SELECTED
BREEDING, INBREEDING, AND GENETIC
ENGINEERING?
Selected breeding is choosing which organisms you breed
based on desired traits you are trying to pass on (like the
Super Cow or mixed breed dogs)
Inbreeding is when you mate animals from the same litter
(brothers and sisters); results in unhealthy individuals
Genetic engineering is modifying the genetic material of
an organism to produce desired traits (venomous cabbage,
glow-in-the-dark fish)
25. WHAT DOES HOMOZYGOUS AND
HETEROZYGOUS MEAN?
Homozygous- same; two dominant or two
recessive traits
Heterozygous- different; one dominant
and one recessive trait