BAB 1.

PENDAHULUAN

ABSTRACT

Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) Domin (Vitaceae) is a perennial climber, commonly known as fox grape in
English, Amalbel, Ramchana in Hindi and Amlavetash in Sanskrit, found in India, Asia and Australia.
The infusion of seeds along with extract of tubers is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes.
Whole plant is used as diuretic, in tremors and splenopathy. It is reported to possess antiviral,
antibacterial, antiprotozoal, hypoglycaemic, anticancer and diuretic activity etc. The present study
was carried out to establish the pharmacognostical studies, physico-chemical parameters along
with preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanolic and aqueous
extracts of Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) Domin. The macroscopical and microscopical characters were
studied. The transverse section (T.S.) of stem indicated the arrangement of various cells in cork,
cortex, phelloderm and pith region. The histochemical color reaction of T.S with different chemical
reagents and preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts revealed the presence of
carbohydrate, flavonoids sterols, phenolic & tannins compounds. The physico-chemical parameters
such as total, acid insoluble, water insoluble and sulphated ash (6.85, 0.47, 5.45 and 4.45%w/w
respectively), loss on drying (8.17 %w/w) extractive values and fluorescence analysis of extracts and
powder treated with different chemical reagents were studied under ordinary light, short and long
UV lights. The foaming and swelling index were also studied. These studies will be helpful in
developing standards for quality, purity and sample identification of this plant.

Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) Domin (Vitaceae) adalah seorang pendaki abadi, umumnya dikenal sebagai rubah
anggur dalam bahasa Inggris, Amalbel, Ramchana dalam bahasa Hindi dan Amlavetash dalam bahasa
Sansekerta, yang ditemukan di India, Asia dan Australia. Infus biji bersama dengan ekstrak umbi
digunakan secara tradisional untuk pengobatan diabetes. seluruh tanaman digunakan sebagai diuretik,
tremor dan splenopathy. Hal ini dilaporkan memiliki antivirus, antibakteri, antiprotozoal, hipoglikemik,
antikanker dan aktivitas diuretik dll Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membangun studi pharmacognostical,
parameter fisika-kimia bersama dengan skrining fitokimia pendahuluan dari petroleum eter, kloroform,
metanol dan ekstrak air dari Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) Domin. Karakter makroskopik dan mikroskopis
dipelajari. Bagian melintang (T.S.) batang menunjukkan susunan berbagai sel di gabus, korteks,
phelloderm dan daerah empulur. Reaksi warna histokimia dari T.S dengan reagen kimia yang berbeda
dan skrining fitokimia pendahuluan dari berbagai ekstrak mengungkapkan adanya karbohidrat, flavonoid
sterol, fenolik & senyawa tanin. Parameter fisika-kimia seperti total, tidak larut, tidak larut air dan sulfat
abu asam (6,85, 0,47, 5,45 dan 4,45% b / b masing-masing), kerugian pengeringan (8.17% b / b) nilai-
nilai ekstraktif dan analisis fluoresensi ekstrak dan bubuk diperlakukan dengan reagen kimia yang
berbeda belajar di bawah lampu biasa, pendek dan lampu UV panjang. The berbusa dan bengkak index
juga dipelajari. Studi ini akan membantu dalam mengembangkan standar untuk kualitas, kemurnian dan
identifikasi sampel tanaman ini.
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO RESEARCH AND
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
Antioxidant activity

The powdered plants were continuously extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl
acetate and methanol. The crude extract of ethyl acetate and methanol were tested for their
biological activity including antioxidant activity by scavenging effect on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-
picryl hydraryl) radicals. The crude extract of Cayratia trifolia showed the ED50 values of 10.24
and 11.36 g/ml, respectively.[36]

Abstract
Cayratia trifolia Linn. Domin Syn. Vitis trifolia (Family: Vitaceae) is commonly known as Fox
grape in English; Amlabel, Ramchana in Hindi and Amlavetash in Sanskrit. It is native to India,
Asia and Australia. It is a perennial climber having trifoliated leaves with 2-3 cm long petioles
and ovate to oblong-ovate leaflets. Flowers are small greenish white and brown in color. Fruits
are fleshy, juicy, dark purple or black, nearly spherical, about 1 cm in diameter. It is found
throughout the hills in India. This perennial climber is also found in the hotter part of India from
Jammu and Rajasthan to Assam extending into the peninusular India upto 600 m height. Whole
plant of Cayratia trifolia has been reported to contain yellow waxy oil, steroids/terpenoids,
flavonoids, tannins upon preliminary phytochemical screening. Leaves contain stilbenes (piceid,
reveratrol, viniferin, ampelopsin). Stem, leaves, roots are reported to possess hydrocyanic acid,
delphinidin and several flavonoids such as cyanidin is reported in the leaves. This plant also
contains kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, triterpenes and epifriedelanol. Infusion of seeds along
with extract of tubers is traditionally given orally to diabetic patients to check sugar level of
blood. Paste of tuberous is applied on the affected part in the treatment of snake bite. Whole
plant is used as diuretic, in tumors, neuralgia and splenopathy. Its climbers wrapped around the
neck of frantic bullock and poultice of leaves are used to yoke sores of bullock. The bark extract
shows the antiviral, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, hypoglycemic, anticancer and diuretic activity.
This article focuses on the upgraded review on chemical and biological properties of Cayratia
trifolia Linn. and triggers further investigation on this plant.

Keywords: Biological, Cayratia trifolia, chemical, review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263053/#ref36 Abstrak
Cayratia trifolia Linn. Domin Syn. Vitis trifolia (Keluarga: Vitaceae) umumnya dikenal sebagai Fox anggur
dalam bahasa Inggris; Amlabel, Ramchana dalam bahasa Hindi dan Amlavetash dalam bahasa
Sansekerta. Ini adalah asli ke India, Asia dan Australia. Ini adalah pendaki abadi memiliki daun trifoliated
dengan petioles panjang 2-3 cm dan bulat telur untuk selebaran oblong-ovate. Bunganya berwarna
putih kehijauan kecil dan berwarna coklat. Buah berdaging, juicy, ungu gelap atau hitam, hampir bulat,
sekitar 1 cm. Hal ini ditemukan di seluruh perbukitan di India. pendaki abadi ini juga ditemukan di bagian
lebih panas dari India dari Jammu dan Rajasthan untuk Assam memperluas ke India peninusular upto
600 m. seluruh tanaman dari Cayratia trifolia telah dilaporkan mengandung kuning lilin minyak, steroid /
terpenoid, flavonoid, tanin pada skrining fitokimia pendahuluan. Daunnya mengandung stilbenes
(piceid, resveratrol, viniferin, ampelopsin). Batang, daun, akar dilaporkan memiliki asam hidrosianat,
delphinidin dan beberapa flavonoid seperti cyanidin dilaporkan dalam daun. Tanaman ini juga
mengandung kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, triterpen dan epifriedelanol. Infus biji bersama dengan
ekstrak umbi secara tradisional diberikan secara oral untuk pasien diabetes untuk memeriksa kadar gula
darah. Pasta dari tuberous diterapkan pada bagian yang sakit dalam pengobatan gigitan ular. seluruh
tanaman digunakan sebagai diuretik, tumor, neuralgia dan splenopathy. Its pendaki melilit leher lembu
jantan panik dan tapal daun digunakan untuk luka kuk lembu jantan. Ekstrak kulit kayu menunjukkan
antivirus, antibakteri, antiprotozoal, hipoglikemik, antikanker dan aktivitas diuretik. Artikel ini berfokus
pada review upgrade pada sifat kimia dan biologi dari Cayratia trifolia Linn. dan memicu penyelidikan
lebih lanjut pada tanaman ini.
Kata kunci: Biologi, Cayratia trifolia, kimia, review
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263053/#ref36

link farmakalogi>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609204/