ANNEXURE

Training for the Technical Personnel of KPTCL

Training for the Technical Personnel of KPTCL can be broadly categorized in two
categories viz. (I) Induction Training Programme and (II) In-Service Training
Programme.

I INDUCTION TRAINING PROGRAMME :

This training is conducted for the newly recruited Engineers, These newly recruited
Engineers are to be integrated into the Transmission Sector both in the Technical as well
as non-Technical aspects. Also intended to train the trainee in the areas of skills, attitude
to shoulder responsibility, inter-personnel companionship, Co-operation and Personality
development etc.,

Induction training programme is proposed to conduct in two Phases:

(A) Phase I Class Room Training &(B) Phase II On Job Training.

(A) Phase I Class Room Training:

This training shall be rigorous in a wide range of subjects to enable them to handle
varied assignment during the course of service in KPTCL which includes both (i)
Technical &(ii) Non-Technical Subjects and also the (iii) Personality
Development Subjects:

(i) Technical Subjects:

The technical Subjects Covered in the Class Room training are:

1. Necessity of a Transmission Line and its Construction.

Transmission lines are broadly classified into (i) Overhead Transmission And
(ii) Under Ground Transmission

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(i) Overhead Transmission:
Overhead lines are constructed using transmission towers, Insulators and
Conductors.
A) Survey:
The Detailed Survey is to conducted from Source end to Receiving end,
hitherto manual theodolite surveys are being conducted, now GPS / DGPS /
Total Station methods are adopted for conducting the detailed survey.

B)Materials:
The following are the Materials required for Construction of Overhead
Transmission Lines:
a) Transmission Line Towers:
Towers are support structures for power conductors and earthwires
ai) Depending up on the number of Circuits in a tower, towers are classified
in to Single Circuit Towers, Double Circuit Towers and Multi Circuit
Towers.
aii) Depending upon the Materials used towers are classified into Lattice
Type Structural Steel Towers, Steel Tubular Monoploes and RCC Spun
Concrete Poles.
aiii) Depending upon the location where the towers are provided in the
transmission line, towers are classified in to A type towers, B type
Towers, C type Towers and D type towers
A type towers These towers are also called as Tangent towers or
Suspension towers, these are provided to hold the Conductors in the line,
when the line traverse in the straight way and are designed for line
deviation of 0 to 20

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 B type Towers These towers are also called as Small Angle towers or
Anchor towers, these are provided at the locations where the line is
deviating in the range of 00 to 150 deg.
C type Towers - These towers are also called as Medium Angle towers or
Anchor towers, these are provided at the locations where the line is
deviating in the range of 150 to 300deg
D type Towers - These towers are also called as Large Angle towers or
Anchor towers, these are provided at the locations where the line is
deviating in the range of 300 to 600 deg. These towers are also designed for
dead end conditions.

Latest trends in the Transmission towers are the Narrow base towers and
Monopoles in view corridor Constraints.

b) Tower Accessories
Following are the tower accessories used in Construction of Overhead
transmission Lines

(i) Number Plate

(ii) Caution Plate / Danger Board
(iii) Phase Plates
(iv) Circuit Plates
(v) Anti-Climbing Device
(vi) Earthing Two Types (via) Pipe Type & (vib) Counter poise type
(vii) Earth Bonds

c) Conductors:
There are Several types of Conductors used for Constructing the
Transmission Lines such as

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(i) All Aluminium Alloy Conductors (AAAC)
(ii) Aluminium ConductorsAlloy Reinforced (ACAR)
(iii) AluminiumAlloy Conductors Steel Reinforced (AACSR)
(iv) Aluminium Conductors Steel Reinforced (ACSR)

Among the above, ACSR conductors are used in KPTCL.

Again depending upon the Current Carrying Capacity the conductors are
designated as Mole Conductors, Squirrel Conductors, Weasel Conductor,
Rabbit Conductors, Racoon Conductors, Dog Conductors, Leopard
Conductors, , Coyote Conductors, Wolf Conductors, Lynx Conductors,
Panther Conductors, Goat Conductors,Drake Conductors, Kundah
Conductors, Zebra Conductors, Deer Conductors, Moose Conductors,
Morkulla Conductors and Bersimis Conductors.

Among the above Conductors, in KPTCL Rabbit ACSR Conductors are

used in Construction of 33kV Lines, Coyote ACSR Conductors are used in
Construction of 66kV Lines, Lynx ACSR Conductors are used in
Construction of 110kV Lines, Drake ACSR Conductors are used in
Construction of 220kV Lines and Moose ACSR Conductors are used in
Construction of 400kV Lines

Latest Innovations in the Conductor Technology are High Temperature

Low Sag (HTLS) Conductors The Current Carrying Capacity of these
Conductors is almost double capacity of the Conventional ACSR
Conductors and the Sag and weight of the Conductors is same as that of
ACSR Conductors, as such these conductors can be directly used in the
existing transmission lines for replacing the existing ACSR Conductors by
HTLS conductors in order to double the current carrying capacity of the
existing lines without doing modification to the existing towers.

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 Another Latest innovation in the Conductor technology is the Covered
Conductors.

d) Conductor Accessories:

Following are the Conductor accessories used in Construction of Overhead

transmission Lines, these accessories must match to the Conductor
dimensions for which Conductor these have been used and are made from
the same material as that of Conductor.

(i) Mid Span Compression Joint (MSC Joint)

(ii) Repair Sleeves
(iii) Preformed Armour rods
(iv) PG Clamps
(v) Vibration Dampers
(vi) Spacers

e) Insulators:
There are three types of Insulators (ei) Disc Insulators, (eii) Long Rod
Insulators and (eiii) Silicon Rubber Composite Insulators or Polymer
Insulators
Disc and Long Rod Insulators are made of Porcelain material where as
Silicon Rubber Composite Insulators or Polymer Insulators are made of
Glass-Fibre reinforced epoxy resin rod (FRP) covered with Silicon Rubber
material.
Disc Insulators are used over Century and are proven one, where as Silicon
Rubber Composite Insulators or Polymer Insulators are latest invention,
gradually KPTCL is started using these insulators.
Depending upon EMS value, Insulators are classified into 45KN, 70KN,
90KN, 120KN and 160KN

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f) Insulator Hardwares
Insulator Hardwares are required to link the Conductors to Insulator /
Insulator Strings. There are two types of Hardwares (fi) Suspension
Hardwares (Suspension Clamps) and (fii) Tension Hardwares (Tension
Clamps).
Suspension Hardwares (Suspension Clamps) These Clamps are used in
the Suspension Towers or A type towers to suspend the Conductors from
tower cross arms through Insulators.
Tension Hardwares (Tension Clamps) These Clamps are used in the
Anchor Towers or B / C/ D type towers to dead the Conductors to the
tower cross arms through Insulators.

C: Testing

The above Line materials are manufactured / fabricated in the factories are
to tested as per IS / IEC Standards. There are three types of tests (i) Type
Tests, (ii) Routine Tests and (iii) Acceptance Tests.

Type Tests These tests are conducted when the materials are designed for
the first time or at the time when there is a change in the design of material
/ equipment. As a standard practice these tests are to be repeated once in 5
years, even when there is no change in the design in the material /
equipment.

In case of Transmission line towers, after designing the towers, proto type
towers are fabricated and subjected to type tests, once the tower
successfully passes all the type tests, then there is no necessity to do the
type tests again. Whenever the towers are required, the tower parts are to be
fabricated and supplied.

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 Routine Tests These tests are conducted on every manufactured material /
equipment.

Acceptance Tests These tests are conducted to accept the manufactured

goods.

D: Erection of Transmission Line:

Following erection activities are involved during construction of EHV line.

i. Conducting Check Survey.

ii. Setting up of site office, sheds and stores etc,
iii. Detail Engineering
iv. Excavation for tower foundation.
v. Soil Classification.
vi. Tower Foundation.
vii. Erection of Towers.
viii. Fixing of Tower Accessories.
ix. Insulators Strings hoisting.
x. Paving out of pilot conductors.
xi. Stringing of Power Conductors and Ground wire
xii. Tower Protection Works
xiii. Testing & Commissioning.

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(ii) Under Ground Transmission

Under Ground transmission lines are constructed using insulated

Cables.
A) Survey:
The Detailed Survey is to be conducted from Source end to Receiving end,
hitherto manual theodolite surveys are being conducted, now GPS / DGPS /
Total Station methods are adopted for conducting the detailed survey.

B) Materials:
The following are the Materials required for Construction of Under Ground
Cable Transmission Lines:
a) EHV Cables:
ai) Depending up on the material used in the cable, cables are classified
into Aluminium Cables and Copper Cables.
aii) Depending up on the Insulation used in the cable, cables are classified
into Paper Insulated Cables and Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (XLPE)
insulated Cables.
aiii) Depending up on the Sheathing used in the cable, cables are classified
into Aluminium Sheathed Cables and Lead Sheathed Cables.
aiv) Depending up on the Construction used in the cable, cables are
classified into Circular round stranded Cables and Segmental Cables.
In KPTCL Copper material, XLPE Insulated, Lead Sheathed Cable,
Circular Stranded construction for cable size up to 800 Sq.mm and
Segmental Construction for cable size above 800 Sq.mm are being used.

b) EHV Cables Accessories:

Following are the Cable accessories used in Construction of Under Ground
transmission Lines, these accessories must match to the Cable dimensions

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 for which Cable these have been used and are made from the same material
as that of Cable.
i) Normal Straight Joints
ii) Cable end termination
iii) Link boxes.
iv) Surge Arrestors

C: Testing

The above UG line materials are manufactured in the factories are to tested
as per IS / IEC Standards. There are three types of tests (i) Type Tests, (ii)
Routine Tests and (iii) Acceptance Tests.

D: Laying of EHV cable:

Following activities are involved during Laying of EHV UG Cable.

i. Conducting Check Survey.

ii. Setting up of site office, sheds and stores etc,
iii. Detail Engineering
iv. All types of excavation for laying of cable.
v. Laying of EHV Cables in the excavated trenches.
vi. Backfilling.
vii. Providing precast RCC Protection covers.
viii. Formation of Joints &Jointng Bays.
ix. Providing RCC Route/Joint Markers.
x. Making of Cable End Terminations.
xi. Paving out of pilot conductors.
xii. Establishing of earthing Stations
xiii. Surface Restoration
xiv. Conducting Pre Commissioning Tests, Testing and Commissioning.

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2. Necessity of a Sub-Station& Establishing a Sub-Station:
Sub-Stations are broadly classified into (i) Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) Sub-
Station, (ii) Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Sub-Stationand (iii) Hybrid
Switchgear Sub-Station
(i) Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) Sub-Station:
A) Block Level Survey:
The Block Level Survey is conducted to asses the Cutting and Filling
volumes and to arrive the leveled land / Stepped Land, hitherto manual
theodolite surveys are being conducted, now GPS / DGPS / Total Station
methods are adopted for conducting the block level survey.

B) Equipments / Materials:
The following are the Equipments / Materials required for Establishingan Air
Insulated Switchgear (AIS) Sub-Station:

a) Power Transformers:

Transformers are used to Step up or Step down the Voltage at the same
frequency and power.
ai) Depending up on the purpose for which transformers are used,
Transformers are classified into (i) Distribution Transformers - Used
in Power distribution System and (ii) Power Transformers Used in
Power Transmission System.
aii) Depending up on the Core Construction, Transformers are classified
into (i) Core Type Transformers and (ii) Shell Type Transformers
aiii) Depending up on the winding Construction, Transformers are
classified into (i) Three winding Transformers and (ii) Auto
Transformers.

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 aiv) Depending up on the Nature of Cooling, Transformers are classified
into (i) ONAN Transformers, (ii) ONAF Transformers and (ii) OFAF
Transformers.
The Standard ratings of Power Transformers used in KPTCL are
(bi) 5MVA, 33/11kV ONAN
(bii) 6.3MVA, 66/11kV ONAN
(biii) 10MVA, 110/11kV - ONAN
(biv) 12.5MVA, 66/11kV ONAN
(bv) 16/20MVA, 66/11kV ONAF
(bvi) 16/20MVA, 110/11kV ONAF
(bvii) 16/20MVA, 110/33-11kV ONAF
(bviii) 31.5MVA, 66/11kV ONAF
(bix) 100MVA, 220/66kV OFAF 3 Winding Transformer
(bx) 100MVA, 220/110kV OFAF Auto Transformer
(bxi) 150MVA, 220/66kV OFAF 3 Winding Transformer
(bxii) 315MVA, 400/220kV OFAF
(bxiii) 500MVA (167MVA x3), 400/220kV OFAF Auto
Transformer

b) Circuit Breakers:

Circuit Breakers are used to make or break the circuit during normal
conditions and to break the Circuit under abnormal conditions. Depending
upon the arc quenching media Circuit Breakers are Classified in to (i) Vacuum
Circuit Breaker, (ii) Air Blast Circuit Breaker, (iii) Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker
and (iv) SF6 Gas Circuit Breakers. Now days in KPTCL SF6 Gas Circuit
Breakers are used for all the voltage classes except 11kV voltage Class, where
Vacuum Circuit Breakers are being used.

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 The Standard ratings of Circuit Breakers used in KPTCL are
i. 420kV, 2000A, 40KA, individually operated single pole type
ii. 245kV, 1250A, 40KA, individually operated single pole type.
iii. 123kV, 1250A, 31.5KA, three single poles gang operated type.
iv. 72.5kV, 1250A, 31.5 KA, three single poles gang operated type.
v. 36kV, 800A, 25 KA, three single poles gang operated type

c) Isolators:

Isolators are used to make or break the circuit during No Load (Zero
Current) conditions. Depending upon number of times circuit brakes when the
Isolator is operated, Isolators are Classified in to (i) Single Break Isolators and
(ii) Double Break Isolators. Also Isolators are designated as UP- Right and
Under Hung depending upon where these have been used. Again in the Up-
Right Isolators, there are Low Level and High Level Isolators.

The Standard ratings of Isolators used in 66kV, 110kV and 220kV Sub-
Stations of KPTCL are
i. 220KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type with Earth Switch.
ii. 220KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators
Under Hung mounting type without Earth Switch - Mounting
Height 13.5Mtrs
iii. 220KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type without Earth Switch - Live Point
height 8250mm.
iv. 220KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type without Earth Switch - Live Point
height 5750mm

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v. 110KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type with Earth Switch.
vi. 110KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators
Under Hung mounting type without Earth Switch - Mounting
Height 13.5Mtrs / 11.0Mtrs.
vii. 110KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type without Earth Switch - Live Point
height 6350mm.
viii. 110KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type without Earth Switch - Live Point
height 4600mm
ix. 66KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type with Earth Switch.
x. 66KV, 1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators Under
Hung mounting type without Earth Switch - Mounting Height
13.5Mtrs / 8.5Mtrs.
xi. 66KV, 2000A/1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type without Earth Switch - Live Point
height 5500mm.
xii. 66KV, 2000A/1250A, 31.5KA Class Double Break Isolators -
Upright mounting type without Earth Switch - Live Point
height 4250mm
xiii. 33KV, 800A, 25KA Class Double Break Isolators - Upright
mounting type with Earth Switch - Live Point height 3750mm
xiv. 33KV, 800A, 25KA Class Double Break Isolators - Upright
mounting type without Earth Switch - Live Point height
3750mm

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d) Current Transformers:

Current Transformers are used to step down the line current to easily
measurable values and to sense the over / fault current. Depending upon the
positioning Secondary core Current Transformers are Classified in to (i) Live
Tank and (ii) Dead Tank Current Transformers.

Normally secondary of CTs have 3 cores (i) for Metering, (ii) for
Distance / Differential Protection and (iii) for Back up protection. In case of
CTs used in 220kV and Voltage Class Station 2 more Secondary cores are
provided for Bus Bar Protection.

The Standard ratings of Current Transformer used in 66kV, 110kV and 220kV
Sub-Stations of KPTCL are
i) 33 KV Class, 31.5 KA, CT of ratio 400-200/1-1-1A for Transformer.
ii) 33 KV Class, 31.5 KA, CT of ratio 400-200/1-1-1A for Lines
iii) 66KV Class, 31.5 KA, CT of ratio 400-200/1-1-1A for Tr. / Lines.
iv) 66KV Class, 31.5 KA, CT of ratio 1000-800-400/1-1-1A for Lines /
UG CABLES.
v) 66kV Class, 31.5 KA, CT of ratio 200-100/1-1-1A for Transformer.
vi) 66KV, 31.5KA, CT of ratio 1000-600/1-1-1A.
vii) 66KV, 31.5KA, CT of ratio 800-400/1-1-1A
viii) 110 KV Class, 31.5 KA, CT of ratio 400-200/1-1-1A for Lines.
ix) 110 KV Class, 31.5 KA, CT of ratio 200-100/1-1-1A for Transformer
& Capacitors bank.
x) 110KV, 31.5KA, CT of ratio 600-400/1-1-1A
xi) 220KV, 31.5KA, CT of Ratio 1200-800-600-400-300 /1-1-1A with
additional 2 cores of 1200/1A ratio
xii) 220KV, 31.5KA, CT of Ratio 800-600-400-300 /1-1-1Awith additional
2 cores of 800/1A ratio

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 xiii) 11 KV Class, 25KA,NCT of ratio 600-300/1-1A for REFR Protection.
xiv) 11kV Class, 25kA, NCT of ratio 1200-800/1-1A for REFR Protection

e) Voltage Transformer:

Voltage Transformers are used to step down the line Voltage to easily
measurable values and to sense the over / fault voltage.

Normally secondary of CTs have 3 cores (i) for Metering, and (ii) two
cores for protection.

The Standard ratings of Voltage Transformers used in 66kV, 110kV and

220kV Sub-Stations of KPTCL are
i) 220KV/3 / 110V/3 -110V/3.
ii) 110kV/3 / 110V/3 - 110V/3 - 110V/3
iii) 66KV/3 / 110V/3 - 110V/3 - 110V/3
iv) 33kV/3 / 110V/3 - 110V/3 - 110V/3

f) Surge Arrester / Lightning Arrestor:

Lightning Arrestors are used to divert the switching surge / lightning

voltages to earth.

There are two types of Lightning Arrestors (i) Station Class and (ii)
Distribution Class. In KPTCL Station Class Surge Arrestors / Lightning
Arrestors are used.

The Standard ratings of Surge Arresters / Lightning Arrestors used in 66kV,

110kV and 220kV Sub-Stations of KPTCL are

i) 198KV, 10KA, Class - III, Metal Oxide type.

ii) 96 KV, 10 KA, Class II

iii) 60kV, 10kA Class - II Normal duty Metal oxide type

Page 15 of 36
 iv) 30 KV, 10 KA, Class II

v) 9 KV, 10KA Station Class

g) Relay & Protection Panels:

These panels are used to control the equipments from the Control
Room and also get the feed back from the switch yard and the relay
operated status. Depending upon Construction, these Panels are classified
in to Simplex Type and Duplex Type. In Simplex Panels both Control
Switches, Indicative Lamps and Relay are housed in a Single Panel, where
as in Case of Duplex Panels, Control Switches and Indicative Lamps are
housed in one panel and Relays are housed in another backside panel.

The Standard Control & Relay Panels used in 66kV, 110kV and 220kV Sub-
Stations of KPTCL are
i) 220KV line - Type 2L
ii) 220/110/11KV Transformer - Type 2T1
iii) 220/66/11KV Transformer - Type 2T6
iv) 220KV Bus Bar Protection - Type 2BBA
v) 220KV Bus Coupler - Type 2BC
vi) 110KV line. - Type 1L
vii) 110KV Bus Coupler - Type 1BC
viii) 110/11KV Transformer - Type 1T1
ix) 66KV line. - Type 6L
x) 66KV Bus Coupler - Type 6BC
xi) 66/11KV Transformer - Type 6T1
xii) Power Transformer 10 MVA, 110/11 KV
xiii) Power Transformer 10 MVA, 110/33-11KV
xiv) Power Transformer 66/11 KV
xv) 110KV Transmission line.

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 xvi) 66KV Transmission line.
xvii) 33KV Transmission line.

h) Substation Automation System:

The Automation of the entire Sub-Station and to make the Sub-Station as

unmanned Sub-Station and to operate the same from Load dispatch centre
using IEDs / Bay Controller Units and HMI.

i) Station Structures & Mounting Structures Lattice Type :

Station Structures are required for formation of Main / Cross Bus in the
Sub-Station and Mounting Structures are required for mounting the
equipments / Materials. These structures are made from hot dip galvanized
angle irons.

k) Rigid Bus with Taps &Clamps :

The Following Aluminium pipes are used for formation of Rigid Bus

i) 75mm size --- 220KV Main bus

ii) 75mm size --- 110KV Main Bus.
iii) 63mm size --- 66KV Main Bus
iv) 63mm size for connecting isolator to vertical tap --- 220KV side
v) 63mm size for connecting isolator to vertical tap --- 110KV side
vi) 63mm size for connecting isolator to vertical tap --- 66KV side
vii) 50mm size for connecting isolator to vertical tap --- 66KV side

l) Strung Bus with Clamps :

The Single or Double ACSR Conductors are used for formation of Main /
Cross Strung Bus.

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 i) 220kV Main Bus Twin Drake ACSR

ii) 220kV Cross Bus Single Drake ACSR

iii) 110kV Main / Cross Bus Drake ACSR

iv) 66kV Main / Cross Bus Drake ACSR

m) Insulators :

Both Post Insulators And Disc Insulators are used in the Sub-Station

n) Insulators Hardwares :

Bolted Type Tension Clamps, Fire Wedge Clamps and Pad Clamps are
used in the Sub-Station.

o) Auxiliary Transformers :

In case of 220kV Stations 250KVA, 11KV/433V Transformer and in case

of 110kV & 66kV Sub-Stations 100KVA, 11KV/433V Transformers are
installed in the Sub-Station to feed the auxiliary power supply needs of the
Sub-Station.

p) LTAC Panel (indoor) :

These Panels are installed in the Sub-Station Control Room to distribute the
AC Supply to all the Equipments and for the Control Room / Switchyard
requirement.

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q) LT Power Cables:

LT Power Cables made of using Aluminium material are required for

distribution of AC Supply in the Sub-Stations, connecting the LTAC
Panels, ACDB and Equipments to feed the AC Supply to the Equipments.

The following sizes LT Power cables are used in KPTCL:

(i) 4C x 95mm
(ii) 4C x 25 mm
(iii) 2C x 10mm
(iv) 2C x 70mm

r) A.C. Distribution Box (Outdoor):

These Panels are installed in the Sub-Station Switch yard to distribute the
AC Supply to all the equipments erected in the switch yard.

s) D.G. Set:

The D.G. sets are required as a backup source power supplyand the DG sets
are installed in the 220kV and above voltage class Stations.

t) Station Battery & Battery Charger:

Battery system to feed the protection equipments and emergency lights in

station. There are two types of batteries (i) Tubular type and (ii) Plante
type.

u) DC Distribution Panel (Indoor type):

These Panels are installed in the Sub-Station to distribute the DC Supply to

all the equipments and the Control Panels.

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v) PVC Insulated Copper Control Cable:

For all control / protection instrumentation purposes P V C insulated

armoured control cables of minimum 2.5 sq. mm. size with stranded
copper conductors shall be used.
The following sizes Copper Control cables are used in KPTCL:

(v) 2C x 2.5 mm
(vi) 4C x 6 mm
(vii) 4C x 10 mm
(viii) 4C x 25 mm
(ix) 10C x 2.5 mm
(x) 19C x 2.5 mm

x) 11KV Switchgear:

There are two types of 11kV switch gear panels (i) Porcelain clad
Switchgears and (ii) Metal Clad Switchgears.
Porcelain clad switch gears are provided for transformers of Capacity upto
10MVA and above that ratingMetal Clad Switchgears are provided. In
some specific cases where land constraints exists at such places also Metal
Clad Switchgears are provided even for the transformers of below 10MVA
capacity. In case of porcelain clad switchgears overhead conductors are
used for interconnecting the Incomer and the outgoing feeders.
In case of Metal Clad Switchgearsthe incomer and the outing feeders are
placed adjacent to one another and linked through bus bar and 11kV UG
cables are used for the incoming power supply and also to take out power
supply from the outgoing feeders.

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y) 11KV U.G. Cable with the required cable terminations at both ends:

The single core 11kV UG cables are used in the Sub-Station to connect
between the Secondary of power transformer to the incoming 11kV
Switchgear and three core 11kV cables are used connect between the 11kV
feeders to the DP structures.
The following sizes 11kV UG cables are used in KPTCL:

i) 3C x 95 sq. mm,
ii) 3C x 240Sq. mm,
iii) 3C x 400Sq. mm
iv) 1C x 1000 sq. mm

z) PLCC Equipments:

The EHV overhead lines connecting from Station to other Station are used
for the purpose of communication by passing the communication signals in
the power lines. The Power line carrier communication equipments used in
KPTCL are:

i) Line trap or wave trap

ii) Capacitor Voltage transformer
iii) Coupling Device
iv) Line Matching Unit (LMU) or LMDU
v) High Frequency Co-axial Cable
vi) PLC Terminal and Cabinets
vii) Private Automatic Exchange (PAX)

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aa) Fire fightingEquipments:

These equipments are provided in Sub-Station to quench the fire hazards in

the Sub-Station.

The following Fire Fighting Equipments are provided in KPTCL Sub-

Station:

i) Mechanical Foam Extinguisher Type

ii) Water Type (Gas Pressure Type
iii) Carbon dioxide Type
iv) Nitrogen Injection fire extinguishing system for 20MVA and above
capacity transformers.

ab) Station and Yard Lighting (Outdoor ):

Depending upon the requirement of Illumination levels, Control room

illumination and Yard Illumination is to be designed. The Lightning /
Lighting Structures are to be erected at suitable places in the Station yard
which serves both the purpose of Sub-Station Lighting and also acts as
Lightning arresters.

ac) Maintenance Tools and Plant:

Various Tools and Plants are required for day to day maintenance of the
Sub-Station Such as Earth Resistance Tester, Telescopic ladder aluminium
6 meter height, Portable (mobile) Oil Pump etc.,

ad) Outdoor illumination:

Illumination fixtures as per the design requirement are to be provided to

achieve the required Illumination levels.

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ae) Street Lighting:

Along the street tubular poles with sodium vapour lamps are provided for
Street Lighting

af) Furniture for Control Room Staff and maintenance staff:

For the conveyance of the Sub-Station Maintenance staff and the Shift duty
staff necessary Office fixtures and furniture needs to provided

ag) Earthmat Design:

The Earth resistance of each of the Sub-Station is to be measured and to

achieve the required earth resistance, earthmat needs to be designed using
the earth mat materials such as (i) M.S.Flats of suitable size, (ii) GI Flats of
suitable size, (iii) M.S.Rods of suitable size, (iv) Cast iron pipe of suitable
dimension, (v) By boring deep bore wells, (vi) Bentonite Clay etc.,

C: Testing

The above UG line materials are manufactured in the factories are to be

tested as per IS / IEC Standards. There are three types of tests (i) Type
Tests, (ii) Routine Tests and (iii) Acceptance Tests.

D: Establishing a Sub-Station:

Following activities are involved during Establishing a Sub-Station.

i. Detail Engineering of the Project
ii. Setting up of site office
iii. Yard leveling Excavation / filling
iv. Earthmat Formation - Excavation, Laying of MS Flats, Filling etc.,
v. Security fencing pole casting and Construction of Security Fencing

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vi. Foundation Works for Station Structures
vii. Columns foundation for Control Room Building
viii. Drilling of borewell and water supply arrangements.
ix. Supply of all equipments / Materials
x. Foundation Works for equipment Mounting Structures / Support
Structures / DP Structures
xi. Foundation Works for RCC Poles / I - Beams / Channels
xii. Power Transformer Foundation
xiii. Baffle wall Construction if necessary
xiv. Other Equipments foundations such as Circuit Breakers, Auxiliary
Tr. (Size Stone Masonry Transformer Platform), Switchgears,
ACDB Panel, etc.,
xv. Construction of Control Room Building
xvi. Water Supply System
xvii. Construction of Cable Ducts / Trenches
xviii. Shelter for 11kV Switchgear if required
xix. Road Works
xx. Storm Drainage System & Retaining wall/ Protection Works
xxi. Oil drainage sump (Waste oil sump)
xxii. Foundation for Station yard lighting (outdoor) structures
xxiii. Erection of Sub-Station Structures
xxiv. Erection of RCC Poles / I - Beams / Channels
xxv. Erection of EquipmentsMoutning / Support Structures / DP
Structures
xxvi. Formation of Main Bus Bars
xxvii. Laying of LT / HT Power Cables / LT Control Cables
xxviii. Erection Station yard lighting (outdoor) structures and illumination
equipments etc.,

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xxix. Erection of Power Transformers and all other equipments such as
Circuit Breakers, 11kV Switchgears, CT's, PT's, LA's, C&R Panels,
Battery & Battery Charger, LTAC Panel, ACDB, DCDB, Auxiliary
Tr. etc.,
xxx. EquipmentsEarthing and Connection of Earth Risers from
Equipments to Earthmat and completion of Earthing
xxxi. Formation of Cross Bus Bars and Connecting to equipments
xxxii. Wiring of C&R Panel / R&P Panels, LTAC Panel, Circuit Breakers,
11kV Switch Gears, Power Transformers, OLTC / RTCC Panels,
CT's, PT's, ACDB Panels, DCDB Panels, Battery & Battery
Charger, etc.,
xxxiii. Completing the Illumination work.
xxxiv. Finishing and Painting of Control Room Building, Storm Water
Drains, Retaining wall, Drainage, Cable ducts, RCC Poles, Shelter,
Water Distribution System, Baffle wall, Gate, Security Fencing,
Road, Culvert, Oil Sump, etc.,
xxxv. Micro Levelling & Jelly Spreading
xxxvi. Pre-Commissioning Tests & Commissioning

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 3. Other Technical Aspects Covered in the Class Room Training are
A. Over view of Power Sector- Recent trends in Power Sector
B. Transmission and Distribution Losses and its reduction.
C. Power System Grounding Practices.
D. Transmission SCADA System.
E. Smart Transmission System
F. Protective Relays
G. Power System Stability
H. HVDC Transmission.
I. Energy Meters
J. Load Despatch
K. Hotline Maintenance Techniques
L. Estimates
M. Renewable Energy
N. Power Trading and Power Exchanges.
O. Transmission Line Maintenance
P. Sub-Station Maintenance
Q. Voltage Regulation

(ii) Non-Technical Subjects:

The Non-technical Subjects Covered in the Class Room training are:

1. BESR
2. CDCA
3. Office Procedure
4. RajyaBhasha- Kannada Language Skills
5. RTI

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 6. Accounts Volumes
7. Commercial/Taxation
8. First Aid and Fire Fighting
9. Safety and Prevention of Accidents:
a. Electrical Safety An overview, Measures and preventive
Procedures.
b. Cause analysis of accidents, electrical shock & preventive actions
against electrical shock
c. Safety audit, personal protective equipments
d. General overview of Disaster Management during Earthquake,
Cyclone, flood etc.,
10. Indian Electricity Act 2003
11. Purchase Formalities and E-tendering
12. Duties and Responsibilities in the designated role

(iii) Personality Development Subjects

1. Vision of the Organization & Organization Mission Statement

2. Yoga & Sports
3. Communication Skills
4. Interpersonal Skills
5. Leadership skills
6. Team Building
7. Goal Setting
8. Stress Management
9. Decision Making
10. Behavioral Science
11. OrganisationalBehavior

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Page 28 of 36
(B) Phase II On Job Training

Soon after completion of Completion of Class Room training, an examination will

be conducted to assess the learning of the Trainee. Once, Phase I Class Room
training is completed, Engineer trainee will go and report to his appointed office to attend
to his regular job duties and responsibilities.

Depending upon nature of works, both the Technical & Non-Technical works of
KPTCL are categorized as detailed hereunder:

1. Major Works Over Head Line Construction 15 days

2. Major Works Under Ground Cable Construction 15 days
3. Major Works Sub-Station Construction 15 days
4. Sub-Station Maintenance 15 days
5. Sub-Station Shift Duties 15 days
6. RT 15 days
7. SCADA 15 days
8. Accounting Division Works Such as Establishment, Cash Section,
Compilation of Accounts, Passing of Billsand Accounts related
Miscellaneousduties 1 Month.
9. Internal Audit 15 days.

After a gap of 3 months from the completion of Phase I Class Room training,
the newly recruited Engineer is placed along with the regular Engineer / Accounts Officer
working in the above nature of works, the trainee shall work as a regular employee with
the guidance of the regular employee for the number of days mentioned against each
nature of work. The works carried out by the trainee Engineer shall compulsorily checked
by the Regular Employee and works carried shall be endorsed by putting his signature.

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 The trainee shall be posted for on job training in the above nature of works other
than the nature of work where he is posted for working. This exercise of On Job training
shall be completed within one year.

At higher levels, as the Engineer has to head the Office, it is very essential for an
Engineer to accustom with Accounting Procedure and the Audit, therefore ON Job
training is to be given both on the Technical aspects and Accounting Aspects. After
completion of On Job training in each of the above areas mentioned above, trainee has to
get satisfactory training completion certificate from the Head of the Division where he
has undergone training.

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II IN SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMME:

In Service training for Engineers who have put in a few years of service at
different levels in the organization shall be conducted by grouping the Engineers as
mentioned hereunder:

(i) Assistant Engineers & Assistant Executive Engineers under one Group
(ii) Executive Engineers under One Group
(iii) Superintending Engineers & Chief Engineers under one Group

II (A) Assistant Engineers & Assistant Executive Engineers

Group Once in every Two Years.

- Training would emphasize more on functional roles both executive

and non-executive.

- In service Engineer may be given one Week Class Room training in

all fields except the field which he/she is working in.

- Thereafter, he/she may be put on Field Training in the area he/she

attended the Class Room training (again exclusive of his/her
working field) for about 3 Weeks to understand the functional roles
in different fields.

- This would give them an outside-in perspective and helps them

understand their roles better in the entirety.

- Some of the topics for training would be:

a. Major Works Over Head Line Construction

b. Major Works Under Ground Cable Construction
c. Major Works Sub-Station Construction
d. Sub-Station Maintenance

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 e. Sub-Station Shift Duties
f. RT
g. SCADA
h. Accounting Division Works Such as Establishment, Cash
Section, Compilation of Accounts, Passing of Bills and
Accounts related Miscellaneous duties
i. Internal Audit
j. Refresher programme for oil test lab &Earthmat Design
k. SAS and remote operation of Sub-Station
l. Emergency Restoration System.
m. Live Line punctured insulator detection.
n. Transmission and Distribution Losses and its reduction.
o. Hands on Training on Power System Protection
p. Power System Stability
q. Load Despatch
r. Hotline Maintenance Techniques
s. Renewable Energy
t. Power Trading and Power Exchanges
u. Smart Grid
v. Developing accounting skills for efficiency
w. Latest Innovations in the Power Sector.

The aim of these courses is to update levels of knowledge, skills and to

provide opportunities for exchange of ideas, views and experiences with
people who have developed expertise in different fields of Power Sector.
Considerable focus maybe given to new managerial techniques and skills as
well as to frontier technology and its management.

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 - Gender Sensitisation training requires a special mention considering
the increase in strength of Women Engineers. An increased presence
of women in Power Sector requires the whole system to be more
inclusive, equal and just.

This may include women empowerment workshops

understanding rights of women, Issues faced by women in
workplace, development of feasible solutions to gender related
issues etc.
This may be organized for Men Engineers and Women Engineers
as well.
To look at the issue from Men Engineer, Women Engineer and
also Organization point of view deeper insight.
Awareness programmes- Gender Diversity, Discrimination, etc

II (B)& II (C) Executive Engineers Group & Superintending

Engineers & Chief Engineers Group Once in every
Three Years:

- Training would emphasize more on soft skills and Personality

Development.

- Some of the topics for training of the both the Executive Engineers
Group & (iii) Superintending Engineers & Chief Engineers
Groupwould be:

a. Corporate Governance
b. Strategic thinking and decision making for competitive
advantage

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c. Maximising Leadership Potential and Impact
d. Healthy Living through Yoga and Pranayama
e. Basic Medical Facts that everybody should know
f. How to say it at work:
Skills to communicate with superiors, colleagues.
g. Mastering tough and difficult conversations at work
h. Public speaking and presentation skills for Managers
i. Applying psychology to influence and persuade others
j. Maximizing emotional intelligence at work
k. Connecting and building rapport with others
l. Preventive Vigilance workshops
m. Service and Labour Laws
n. Law relating to Right of way and payment of compensation,
land acquisition for public purpose
o. Basic knowledge of Computer/IT for non-IT personnel,
Office applications
p. Book Keeping and Financial Accounting with tax updation,
works/inventory accounting with audit requirements
q. Accounts, Commercial and Taxation
r. Latest survey techniques
s. Building corporate through ethics and values
t. Building Corporate credibility and values
u. Discipline management and proceeding
v. Project risk management
w. Transformational Management Programme
x. Oral presentation Skills, Business etiquette and Non-Verbal
communication techniques
y. Effective habits of highly effective people

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 z. Effective business writing Skills and Improving English
accent
aa. Grooming Division/Unit heads beyond boundaries
bb. Implementation of CSR projects
cc. Budgeting and Financial Management
dd. Building Corporate Through Ethics and Values
ee. Building Corporate Credibility and Values
ff. Discipline Management and Proceeding
gg. Latest Innovations in the Power Sector
hh. Leadership
ii. Morality

- Gender Sensitisation training requires a special mention considering

the increase in strength of Women Engineers. An increased presence
of women in Power Sector requires the whole system to be more
inclusive, equal and just.

This may include women empowerment workshops

understanding rights of women, Issues faced by women in
workplace, development of feasible solutions to gender related
issues etc.
This may be organized for Men Engineers and Women Engineers
as well.
To look at the issue from Men Engineer, Women Engineer and
also Organization point of view deeper insight.
Awareness programmes- Gender Diversity, Discrimination, etc

- Cross Functional Training : On job Training to all Engineers;

Engineers shall be put on to perform roles in the equivalent Accounts
Cadre for about fifteen days as illustrated below:

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 Asst. Engineer to perform the duties in the role of an Assistant Accounts
Officer,

Asst. Executive Engineer to perform the duties in the role of an

Accounts Officer,

Executive Engineer to perform the duties in the role of a Dy. Controller

of Accounts

Superintending Engineer to perform duties in the role of a Controller of

Accounts

Chief Engineer to perform the duties in the role of a Financial Adviser.

This exercise helps to improve mid-career progress of Engineers and also to

accustom with Accounting Procedure and the Audit and improvise upon the
working environment at any given pint of time.

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