ENGR. GIANCARLO P.

VENTURA
Institute of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
8/11/2016
University of the Philippines Diliman 1 AY 16-17 Sem 1
 Mechanics of materials studies the effects of stress
and strain in a solid body that is subjected to an
external loading.

50kN
kN 200 kN
3 CONSIDERATIONS IN 50
50 kN 5050
kNkN

DESIGN/ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
SERVICEABILITY
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ECONOMICS AA(25Amm )
(wood) B mm )
B (steel)
(50
same same
material and diameter
samematerial
diameter
 Stress - intensity of load / force per unit
area (P/A)
Units: MPa, kPa, Pa, psi, ksi
Normal Stress, = N/A -
stress acting
perpendicular to the
surface of a cross
section.
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Shear Stress, = V/A - stress

acting parallel or
tangent to the surface
of a cross section.
 NORMAL / AXIAL STRESS
ASSUMPTIONS

Axial Load
Acts along the length
of the member
Centric loading

Axial Member
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Prismatic
Homogenous
Isotropic
 NORMAL / AXIAL STRESS

P

A
F P
lim ave
A0 A A
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P ave A dF dA
A
 NORMAL / AXIAL STRESS

SIGN CONVENTION:
( + ) TENSION
( - ) COMPRESSION
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 MAXIMUM AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS
To get the MAXIMUM AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS,
we select a section where P is maximum and/or
the cross-sectional area is minimum.

P

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A
 MAXIMUM AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS
Compression (-)

P

Agross
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 MAXIMUM AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS
Tension (+)

P

Anet
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 EXAMPLE 1.1:

Consider the loads to be axially applied at sections A, B, C,

and D to the steel bar, which has a cross-sectional area of
2000 mm2. Determine the axial stress in the bar:
a)On a section 200 mm to the right of A.
b)On a section 1500 mm to the right of A.
c) On a section 2000 mm to the right of A.
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 EXAMPLE 1.2:
Each of the four vertical
links has an 8x36-mm
uniform rectangular cross
section and each of the four
pins has a 16-mm diameter.

Determine the maximum

value of the average normal
stress in the links connecting
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(a)points B and D
(b)points C and E
 SHEAR STRESS
Shear: acts parallel to the cross-section

F
ave
A
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NOTE: Shear stress cannot be assumed to be uniform

 SHEAR STRESS (BOLTS, PINS, RIVETS)
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 SHEAR STRESS
Single Shear ave = F / A

Double Shear ave = F / 2A

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 EXAMPLE 1.3:

An assembly of a joint in a machine is shown below. The diameter

of the pin is 25mm. Determine the maximum shear stress in the
assembly.
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 EXAMPLE 1.4:

The wooden members A and B are

to be joined by plywood splice
plates that will be fully glued on
the surfaces in contact. As part of
the design of the joint, and knowing
that the clearance between the
ends of the members is to be 10
mm, determine the smallest
allowable length L if the average
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shearing stress in the glue is not to

exceed 200 kPa.
 BEARING STRESS
for connections, it is the compressive stress
developed in the members it connects

=

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 BEARING STRESS (BEARING PLATES)
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=

 EXAMPLE 1.5

A 40-kN axial load is applied to a short wooden post that is

supported by a concrete footing resting on undisturbed soil.
Determine (a) the bearing stress on the concrete footing, (b) the
size of the footing for which the average bearing stress in the soil is
145 kPa.
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 PUNCHING STRESS
Special type of shear stress
Experienced when punching a hole on
a member

=

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=

 EXAMPLE 1.6:

A 20-mm thick metal plate

with dimensions 150 mm
by 120 mm is to be
punched with a 12 mm
diameter hole. The force P
that will be used to punch
the hole is estimated to
be 40 kN. Determine the
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punching shear stress

that will be developed.
 EXAMPLE 1.7:
Each of the four vertical links
has an 8 x 36-mm uniform
rectangular cross section and
each of the four pins has a 16-
mm diameter. Determine:
(a) the average shearing stress in
the pin at B
(b) the average bearing stress at
B in member BD
(c) the average bearing stress at
B in member ABC, knowing that
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this member has a 10 x 50-mm

uniform rectangular cross-
section
 HOMEWORK (1/2 YELLOW PAD)
The members of the simple
truss shown in the figure
have equal cross-sectional
areas of 500 mm2. More so,
all the pins have a diameter
of 20 mm. Determine:
a. the axial stresses in
members BC and DE
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(indicate also whether tensile

or compressive)
b. the shear stress at pin A TOP VIEW OF PIN A
 Beer, F.P. et al. (2012) Mechanics of materials. 6th Ed. SI. McGraw-Hill
Hibbeler, R.C. (2011) Mechanics of materials. 8th Ed. Prentice Hall

ENGR. GIANCARLO P. VENTURA

Institute of Civil Engineering gianpventura@gmail.com
College of Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman MH 104-106 / ICE 319