Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
However, it was believed that if deal more data will be needed before it is possible
twelve samples were selected from nine separate to make reliable predictions of the type of distribu-
streams that cut across the strike of the flows, and tion a certain soil sample might have. It is hoped
five samples from the Kettle River, most of the that this article will stimulate further investigation
sample points would not overlie or be very close to in materials of various origins.
a copper zone. One sample (No. 7 ) was collected
200 f t downstream from an exposure of native cop- Acknowledgment
per in the Kettle River. The introductory part of this article and data on
The results of chromograph tests of size fractions distribution in till was presented by the author to
are given in Table 111. the Institute on Lake Superior Geology at Hough-
ton, Mich., May 1956. Permission to include it here
is &-atefully acknowledged. Funds for the study
Table Ill. Copper Content, Ppm, in Size Fractions of have been provided by the Graduate School of the
Active Stream Sediments, St. Croix Park Area, University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Insti-
Minnesota tute of Research.
References
Average of 1 2 Average of 4 Sample No. 7 1 G. M. Schwartz and D. M. Davidson: Geologic Setting of the
Mesh Stream Samples River Samples River Sample Copper-Nickel Prospect in the Duluth Gabbro Near Ely, Minnesota.
AIME Trans., 1952, vol. 193, pp. 699-1102.
3 G. M. Schwartz and J. M. Ha~rris: Notes on Field Work in t h e
copper-Nickel Prospect Area, Lake County. Minnesota. Minnesota
Geological Survey Summary Report No. 6, 1952.
3 R. E. Stevens and H. W. Lakin: The Chromograph, a New Ana-
lytical Tool for Laboratory and Field Use. USGS Circ. 63, 1949.
* M. L. White: Occurrence of Zinc in Soil. Ecq~ n o m i cGeology,
1957, vol. 52, pp. 645-651.
L. C. Huff: A Sensitive Field Test for Detecting Heavy Metals in
Soil or Sediment. Economic Geology, 1951, vol. 46, pp. 524-540.
8 H. E. Hawkes and H. W. Lakin: Vestigial Zinc In Surface Resi-
duum Associated with Primary Zinc Ore in East Tennessee. Eco-
Sample No. 7 and the samples from Fillson Creek nomic Geology, 1949, vol. 44, pp. 286-295.
5 H. A. Warren and R. E. Delavault: Soils in Geochemical Pros-
(Fig. 5 ) are similar both in copper distribution and pecting. MININGENGINEERING, October 1956. pp. 992-998.
nearness to a mineralized source. The other St. E. A. Sergeev: Geochemical Method of Prospecting for Ore De-
posits, 1941. Selected Russian Papers on Geochemical Prospecting
Croix Park samples display a different distribu- tor Ores, p. 46. Translated by V. P. Sokoloff and H. E. Hawkes,
USGS 195%.
tion in that the coarser fractions are very low in C.'T. Bischoff: Testing for Cooper and Zinc in Canadian Glacial
copper. This is interpreted as an expression of an Soils. AIME Trans. 1954-pp. 57-61.
lo P - a--.American .. '-~ -e.-
n --...--..- t r.
~
o.i.e u m C o r ~ .film and brochure: Fluid Dis-
~~
additional factor in the geologic history of the ma- tribution in Porous Systems 1954:
11 H. E. Hawkes and H. ~ l b o m :Heavy Metals in Stream Sediment
terial, the effect of transport to a greater distance Used a s Exploration Guides. AIME Trans., 1956 pp. 1121-1127.
83 H: Almond: Rapid Field and Laboratory ~ H t h o dfor t h e Deter-
from the metal source. minatlon of Copper in Soil and Rocks. USGS Bull. 1036A, 1955.
13 H. Bloom: A Field Method for the Determination of Ammonium
Conclusion Citrate-Soluble Heavy Metals in Soils and Alluvium. Economic
Geology vol. 50 pp. 533-541.
Heavy metal distribution data for soil fractions Ii H. T. S. ~ r i i t e n :Hvdroqen
- - Ions, p. 79. Chapman and Hall Ltd.,
of till and for active stream sediments show that the on, 1942.
"' vV. . A Grosh.
---- J. W. Pennineton. P. A. Wasson, and S. R. B.
soil size fraction containing the highest proportion Cooke: lnvestigation of copper-sickel Mineralization in Kawishiwi
River Area, Lake County, Minn. USBM R. 1. 5177, 1955.
of heavy metals may differ in materials of different 'eF. F. Grout: The Lopolith, a n Igneous Form Exemplified by
geologic history. A channel-flow hypothesis can ex- the Duluth Gabbro. American Journal of Science, 1918, Vol. 46,
pp. 516-522.
plain the distribution curve of heavy metals in till. 1: P Learh: S i m ~ l e Chemical Tests to Aid Prospectors. E n g i l ~ e e ~ -
ins n n d ~ & & ~ i o ~ r n n1947 l, vol. 148, p. 79.
It is suggested that the distribution curve of heavy T, S , Lovering, L. C. Huff, and H. Almond: Dispersion of COP-
metals is a result of the geologic history of the per from the San Manuel Copper Deposit, Pinal County, Arizona.
Econom~cGeology, 1950, vol. 45 pp. 493-514.
sampled material, and it follows that a distribution I!,M. Salmi: Prospecting for B'og-covered Ore by Means of Peat
Investigations. Bulletin d e la commission, Geologique d e Finlande,
curve indicates something of the geologic history 1955 No. 169.
of the soil. D , H. Yardley: Distribution of Trace Elements in Soil Frac-
tions. Proc., Institute o n Lake Superior Geology, 1956.
Understanding of the heavy metal distribution - ----
trends is a useful guide in selection of sample ma- Discussion of thls artlcle sent (2 coples) to AIME before Aug 31,
1958, wlll be published In MININGENGINEERING
terial in geochemical reconnaissance work. A great -- --- - - -- - - - - - -
-- -
FEED
Fig. 2-Straight CCD after grinding dry or in solution. parison of actual and theoretical washing efficiency
of existing plants.
The curves in each of these charts are the result Acknowledgment
of substitution in formulas developed for the par- This work was performed for the U. S. Atomic
ticular, flowsheets. The derivation of these formulas Energy Commission under Contract No. AT (49-6)-
is presented here. 924.
Figs. 1 and 2, and perhaps other charts like them, Reference
could be extremely useful to the design engineer for T. B. Counselman: Continuous Countercurrent Decantation Calcu-
determining the most efficient system to recover lations. AIME Trans., vol. 187, p. 223.
-
products dissolved from ores and similar raw Dlscusston of this article sent (2 copies) to AIME before Aug. 31,
materials. Such charts are also useful for com- 1958, will appear in MININGENGINEERING.