Introduction

In illumination design many factors could be considered such as lamp power,

lamp output colour of wall, ceiling as well as distance and height of the lamp.

Illumination is the action of supplying or brightening with light or the resulting

state. It is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting
includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as
natural illumination by capturing daylight. Illumination is used for a decoration of
lights, usually coloured lights and called illuminance, intensity of illumination.
Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a
measure of how much the incident light illuminates the surface, wavelength-weighted
by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception.

The intensity of light falling at a given place on a lighted surface. Luminous

intensity, the quantity of visible light that is emitted in unit time per unit solid angle.
The unit for the quantity of light flowing from a source in any one second (the
luminous power, or luminous flux) is called the lumen. The lumen is evaluated with
reference to visual sensation. The luminous flux incident per unit area, expressed in
lumens per unit of area.

Objective

To determine relationship between illumination to the distance and height of the

lamps.
Apparatus:

1. Lux meter

2. Measuring tape

3. Fluorescent lamp

Procedure:

1. One of the room in civil engineering faculty was found.

2. One of the lamp in the room was measured the brightness using lux meter.

3. The height between the lamp and the floor is measured.

4. The brightness of lamp is measured using lux meter in certain height such as 30m,
60m, 90m from the lamp to the floor in vertical and horizontal.

5. The area of the room has been measured.

RESULTS

Distance(m) Reading, Intensity, cd Percentage of increasing /

E(Ix) decreasing, %

0.3 2450 220.5

0.6 1420 511.2 Decreased by 42.04

0.9 750 607.5 Decreased by 47.18

1.2 500 720 Decreased by 33.33

1.5 360 810 Decreased by 28.00

Table 1 : Vertical Data

Distance(m) Reading, Intensity, cd Percentage of increasing /

E(Ix) decreasing, %

0.3 263 23.67

0.6 285 102.6 Increased by 8.37

0.9 202 163.62 Decreased by 29.12

1.2 140 201.6 Decreased by 30.69

1.5 106 238.5 Decreased by 24.29

Table 2 : Horizontal Data

CALCULATIONS

Illuminance, E = luminious intensity, I / d2

For vertical data,

E = I / d2

2450 = I / 0.32

I = 220.5 cd

For horizontal data,

E = I / d2

263 = I / 0.32

I = 23.67 cd
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.85

Coefficient of Utilisation 0.49

(Cu)

Area of Room 3.04 x 6.25 m

Number of Lamps 4

Efficacy per lamp (KL) 72 lm/watt

Power per lamp (PL) 36 watt

Flux per Lamp (FL) 2592 lm

Illuminance (E)

( )

Standard illuminance IES: 750 lx

required for Conference
Room Panduan Teknik JKR, MS 1525: 300 lx
DISCUSSIONS

The site chosen to conduct this experiment is at a conference room located inside
MPP room at Level 5 of the faculty. The area of the conference room is 19 m2. Figure
below shows the graph portraying the effect of distance from light source towards
reading of lux meter.

Graph of Distance between Lamp and

Lux Meter vs Reading of Lux Meter (lx)
2500

2000
Reading (lx)

1500

1000 Vertical Reading

Horizontal Reading
500

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Distance (m)

Based on the graph, we can observe that as the distance between light source and
lux meter increases, the reading of lux meter decreases. This is because light intensity
reduces as it travels further from its light source.

We also have compared the illuminance calculated and standard illuminance for a
conference room according to IES, MS 1525 and Panduan Teknik JKR. According to
IES, a conference room should have illuminance of 750 lx, while according to MS
1525 and Panduan Teknik JKR, the standard illuminance in a conference room should
be about 300 lx. However, the illuminance calculated is 227.28 lx, which is below the
requirement according to those standards.

We eventually come up with a reason as to why that the illuminance calculated is

not on par with the requirement. We think that the conference room chosen by us is
not as large as a general conference room, thus only requires smaller amount of
illuminance.
 CONCLUSION

From the experiment that we had done, we manage to determine the relationship
between illumination to the distance and height of the lamps. The further the distance
object from the light, the lower the value of illumination while the higher the height of
the lamps from the photometer, the lower the value of illumination. It is proven by the
value of luminous intensity.

We also managed to compare the illumination of the conference room calculated

from the data obtained and the standard illumination required for a conference room
according to IES, MS 1525 and Panduan Teknik JKR. The illumination obtained from
the calculation is below the standards due to the small area of the conference room,
which reduces its requirement of light supply.