Material used for Piston rods

EN8 Steel
BS970: 1955 EN8, BS970/PD970: 1970 onwards 080M40.
Related European grades: C40, C45, Ck40,Ck45, Cm40, Cm45,
Werkstoff no. 1.0511, 1.1186, 1.1189.
US Grades: SAE (AISI) 1039, 1040, 1042, 1043, 1045.

EN8 flats and squares in stock now >>

EN8 is usually supplied untreated but can be supplied to order in the normalized or
finally heat treated (quenched and tempered to "Q" or "R" properties for limiting ruling
sections up to 63mm), which is adequate for a wide range of applications. Please refer
to our selection guide for comparisons.

EN8 is a very popular grade of through-hardening medium carbon steel, which is readily
machinable in any condition. (Refer to our machinability guide). EN8 is suitable for the
manufacture of parts such as general-purpose axles and shafts, gears, bolts and
studs. It can be further surface-hardened typically to 50-55 HRC by induction processes,
producing components with enhanced wear resistance. For such applications the use of
EN8D (080A42) is advisable. It is also available in a free-machining version, EN8M
(212A42)

EN8 in its heat treated forms possesses good homogenous metallurgical structures,
giving consistent machining properties.

Good heat treatment results on sections larger than 63mm may still be achievable, but it
should be noted that a fall-off in mechanical properties would be apparent approaching
the centre of the bar.

It is therefore recommended that larger sizes of EN8 are supplied in the untreated
condition, and that any heat treatment is carried out after initial stock removal. This
should achieve better mechanical properties towards the core.

Rod Final Size Ground Max. Plating after grinding to final size
Diameter Dia. Before
chrome
plating

25 25.20 / 24.92 / Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

25.00 24.90

28 28.20 / 27.92 / Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

28.00 27.90

30 30.20 / 29.92 / Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

30.00 29.90
 36 36.20 / 35.92 / Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially
36.00 35.90

45 45.20 / 44.92 / Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

45.00 44.90

Shear Properties
A shearing stress acts parallel to the stress plane, whereas a tensile or compressive stress acts
normal to the stress plane. Shear properties are primarily used in the design of mechanically
fastened components, webs, and torsion members, and other components subject to parallel,
opposing loads. Shear properties are dependent on the type of shear test and there is a variety of
different standard shear tests that can be performed including the single-shear test, double-shear
test, blanking-shear test, torsion-shear test and others. The shear modulus of elasticity is considered
a basic shear property. Other properties, such as the proportional limit stress and shear ultimate
stress, cannot be treated as basic shear properties because of form factor effects.

Compressive Properties
In theory, the compression test is simply the opposite of the tension test
with respect to the direction of loading. In compression testing the
sample is squeezed while the load and the displacement are
recorded. Compression tests result in mechanical properties that
include the compressive yield stress, compressive ultimate stress, and
compressive modulus of elasticity.

Compressive yield stress is measured in a manner identical to that done

for tensile yield strength. When testing metals, it is defined as the
stress corresponding to 0.002 in./in. plastic strain. For plastics, the
compressive yield stress is measured at the point of permanent yield on
the stress-strain curve. Moduli are generally greater in compression for
most of the commonly used structural materials.

Ultimate compressive strength is the stress required to rupture a

specimen. This value is much harder to determine for a compression test than it is for a
tensile test since many material do not exhibit rapid fracture in compression. Materials such
as most plastics that do not rupture can have their results reported as the compressive strength
at a specific deformation such as 1%, 5%, or 10% of the sample's original height.

For some materials, such as concrete, the compressive strength is the most important material
property that engineers use when designing and building a structure. Compressive strength is
also commonly used to determine whether a concrete mixture meets the requirements of the
job specifications.
Bearing Properties
Bearing properties are used when designing mechanically fastened joints. The purpose of a
bearing test is to determine the the deformation of a hole as a function of the applied bearing
stress. The test specimen is basically a piece of sheet or plate with a carefully prepared hole
some standard distance from the edge. Edge-to-hole diameter ratios of 1.5 and 2.0 are
common. A hardened pin is inserted through the hole and an axial load applied to the
specimen and the pin. The bearing stress is computed by dividing the load applied to the pin,
which bears against the edge of the hole, by the bearing area (the product of the pin diameter
and the sheet or plate thickness). Bearing yield and ultimate stresses are obtained from
bearing tests. BYS is computed from a bearing stress deformation curve by drawing a line
parallel to the initial slope at an offset of 0.02 times the pin diameter. BUS is the maximum
stress withstood by a bearing specimen
Proof Stress 450 N/mm2 45 kg/mm2
Elongation
66N/mm (6.6 kg/mm) in varying condition and 100 N/mm (10 kg/mm) in Steady condition for mild
steel as per cmti hand book pg. 685
EN 19 Alloy Steel

EN19 is a high quality, high tensile steel usually supplied readily machine able in T
condition, giving good ductility and shock resisting properties combined with resistance
to wear.

Chemical Composition

Element Min Max

Carbon, C 0.35 0.45%
Manganese, Mn 0.50 0.80%
Silicon, Si 0.10 0.35%
Nickel, Ni -.-- -.--
Molybdenum, Mo 0.20 0.40%
Chromium, Cr 0.90 1.50%
Sulfur, S -.-- 0.05
Phosphorous, P -.-- 0.05

Mechanical Properties
Tensile Yield Proof
Heat a% on Impact Impact Hardness Size
Strength Stress Stress
Treatment 5.665So Izod J KCV J HB mm
Rm N/mm Re N/mm rp0.2
R 700/850 495 15 34 28 480 201/225 >100250
S 775/925 555 13 27 22 540 223/277 >150250
S 775/925 585 15 54 50 570 223/277 >63150
T 850/1000 680 13 54 50 655 248/302 >29100
U 925/1075 755 12 47 42 740 269/331 >1363
V 1000/1150 850 12 47 42 835 293/352 >629
W 1075/1225 940 12 40 35 925 311/375 >619

Applications
EN19T was originally introduced for the use in the machine tool and motor industries for
gears, pinions, shafts, spindles and the like. Later its applications became much more
extended and it is now widely used in areas such as the oil and gas industries. EN19T is
suitable for applications such as gears, bolts, studs and a wide variety of applications
where a good quality high tensile steel grade is suited

Forging
Pre heat carefully, then raise temperature to 850-1200C for forging. Do not forge below
850C. After forging cool slowly in still air.

Annealing
Heat the EN19T slowly to 680-700C. Cool in air.

Hardening
This steel grade is commonly supplied ready heat treated. If further heat treatment is
required annealed EN19 should be heated slowly to 860-890C and after adequate
soaking at this temperature quench in oil. Temper as soon as tools reach room
temperature.

Tempering
Heat carefully to a suitable temperature selected by reference to a tempering chart or
table. Soak at the temperature for 2 hours per 25mm of ruling section, then allow to cool
in air. Tempering between 250-375C is not advised as tempering within this range will
reduce the impact value.

Heat Treatment
Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will
vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each steel component. Other
considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching
medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider
for full guidance on heat treatment of EN19T alloy steel.
The table below compares common grades of materials from various international specifications. Note that materials compared are the nearest
available grade and may have slight variations in actual chemistry.

Comparison of steel grades by chemistry

EN # EN name SAE UNS DIN BS 970 UNI JIS

Carbon steels

1.114
040A15
1 S15
CK15 080M1 C15
1.040 C15D S15C
1018 C15 5 C16
1 C18D K
C16.8 080A15 1C15
1.045 S15C
EN3B
3

1.050
3
1.119 C45 060A47 C45
1 CK45 080A46 1C45 S45C
C45 1045
1.119 CF45 080M4 C46 S48C
3 CQ45 6 C43
1.119
4

1.072
212M4
6 35S20 1140/114 35S20
0
1.072 45S20 6 45S20
En8M
7

1.071 SUM
230M0
5 9SMn28 CF9SMn28 25
11SMn37 1215 7
1.073 9SMn36 CF9SMn36 SUM
En1A
6 22

SUM
230M0
1.071 11SMnPb3 9SMnPb CF9SMnPb2 22L
7
8 0 28 9 SUM
12L14 Leaded
1.073 11SMnPb3 9SMnPb CF9SMnPb3 23L
En1A
7 7 36 6 SUM
Leaded
24L
Alloy steels

SCM
25CrMo4 25CrMo4 420
708A30
1.7218 4130 GS- (KB) SCM
CDS110
25CrMo4 30CrMo4 430
SCCrM1

SCM
708M40 41CrMo4 440
1.7223 41CrMo4
708A42 38CrMo4 SCM
1.7225 42CrMo4
42CrMo4 4140/4142 709M40 (KB) 440H
1.7227 42CrMoS4
En19 G40 CrMo4 SNB 7
1.3563 43CrMo4
En19C 42CrMo4 SCM 4M
SCM 4

35NiCrMo6 SNCM
34CrNiMo6
1.6582 817M40 (KB) 447
34CrNiMo6 4340 40NiCrMo8-
1.6562 En24 40NiCrMo7 SNB24-
4
(KB) 1-5

1.6543 20NiCrMo2- 21NiCrMo22 805A20 SNCM

8620 20NiCrMo2
1.6523 2 21NiCrMo2 805M20 200 (H)
Stainless steels

1.431 S3010
X10CrNi18-8 301
0 0

1.431 301L
X2CrNiN18-7
8 N

202S
1.430 S3030 X10CrNiS18 21 X10CrNiS1
X8CrNiS18-9 303 SUS 303
5 0 -9 En58 8-09
M

304S
15
304S
X5CrNi18-9 16
SUS 304
1.430 X2CrNi19-11 S3040 X5CrNi18- 304S X5CrNi18-
304 SUS
1 X2CrNi18-10 0 10 18 10
304-CSP
XCrNi19-9 304S
25
En58
E

1.430 S3040 304S SUS304

X2CrNi19-11 304L
6 3 11 L

1.431 304L S3045

X2CrNiN18-10
1 N 3

1.494 S3040
X6CrNi18-11 304H
8 9

1.430 S3050
X5CrNi18-12 305
3 0

1.440 X5CrNiMo17- X5CrNiMo17 316S

X5CrNiMo SUS 316
1 12-2 S3160 12 2 29
316 17 12 SUS316
1.443 X5CrNiMo18- 0 X5CrNiMo17 316S
X5CrNiMo TP
6 14-3 13 3 31
17 13
X5CrNiMo 316S
 19 11 33 X8CrNiMo
X5CrNiMo En58 17 13
18 11 J

1.440 X2CrNiMo17- S3160 316S SUS316

316L
4 12-2 3 11 L

1.440 X2CrNiMoN17
6 -12-2 316L S3165
1.442 X2CrNiMoN17 N 3
9 -13-3

1.457 316T S3163 X6CrNiMoTi 320S

1 i 5 17-12 33

1.443 X2CrNiMo18- S3170

317L
8 15-4 3

1.454 S3210 X6CrNiTi18- 321S

321 SUS321
1 0 10 31

1.487 X12CrNiTi18- S3210

321H
8 9 9

1.451 S4090
X6CrTi12 409
2 0

S4100
410
0

1.401 S4300 430S

430 X6Cr17 SUS430
6 0 17

S4400
440A
2
1.411 S4400
440B
2 3

1.412 S4400
440C
5 4

1.410 S4402 X14CrMoS1 SUS430

440F
4 0 7 F

1.453 X1NiCrMoCu2 N089

904L
9 5-20-5 04

1.454 X1CrNiMoCuN S3125

7 20-18-7 4

Tool steels

A- BA X100CrMoV5-1 SKD
1.2363 X100CrMoV5 X100CrMoV51
2 2 KU 12

D- X153CrMoV12- BD SKD
1.2379 X153CrMoV12 X155CrVMo12-1
2 1 2 11

O- Bo
1.2510 100MnCrW4 95MnWCr-5 KU
1 1
 Properties of IS 2062
Application Pistons / Mounting Flanges, Front End Cap, Rear End Cap, Gland,
Guide Plate, Mtg. Plate
Honed Tubing:

Our honed tubing is produced using our Suitable To Hone Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM) and Cold Drawn Seamless
CDS. This tubing is ready to use for hydraulic cylinder applications without further ID processing. The honing process
involves using abrasive polishing stones and abrasive paper to remove small amounts of material, to produce extremely
precise ID dimensions and improved finishes.

Made from 1026 or ST52.3 Drawn over mandrel and cold drawn seamless tubing.

Seamless cylinder tubes (HP tubes) manufactured from seamless precision steel tubes through honing or roller-
burnishing in accordance with EN 10305-1 (DIN 2391)

Steel grade E355+SR (St 52 BK+S)

Dimensions OD 35 280 mm

ID 25 250 mm

Wall Thickness 5 20 mm wall

Tolerances DIN 2391 OD

Tolerance size

Standard - H8 ID

Low wall thicknesses, in part H9H11

Max. +/-10% eccentricity