Name:

Due: 7 days from today

Person Number:

Recitation Exercise Chapter 11

Answer the following questions. You are allowed to work in groups, but everyone must show ALL
of their work. Feel free to attach an additional sheet of paper.

1. Methadone works on parts of the brain and spinal cord to block the "high" caused by
using opiates (such as heroin). It helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms
caused by opiate use, and is used to treat opiate addiction. Nonetheless, recovering
addicts often experience heightened anxiety during the withdrawal period, and
additional strategies may be required to prevent a relapse into drug use. Possible
strategies include mindfulness meditation (MM) exercises as a way to reduce anxiety.

A public health researcher recruited 12 individuals who had become addicted to the
opioid-based painkillers prescribed for injury, and were beginning a 12-month
methadone treatment. The researcher chose to measure anxiety symptoms with the
Hamilton Anxiety Scale, which measures anxiety severity on a 0-56 scale (lower scores
indicate less anxiety; high scores indicate high anxiety). Participants were monitored for
the first 6 months of methadone treatment, at which time pre-treatment anxiety
symptoms were measured. For the last 6 months, participants received weekly MM
instruction, and post-treatment anxiety scores were measured at the end of the 12th
month. The researcher predicted that anxiety symptoms would be less severe following
MM instruction.
a. [Step 1] State HA for this repeated-measures design
HA: " > 0
If MM is effective, the post-test anxiety scores will be lower than the pre-test
scores. Subtracting the post-test from pre-test scores should produce a value
greater than zero (the mean difference should be greater than zero)
b. [Step 1] State H0 for this repeated-measures design
H0: " 0
If MM does not work as predicted, the difference between post-test and pre-test
scores will either be zero, or possibly even less-than zero.
c. [Step 2] Determine the degrees of freedom (df) for this experiment
df=the number of difference scores-1. There are 12 difference scores, so df=11
d. [Step 2] Use Table B.2 to determine the critical t-score, tcrit, for this hypothesis
test with a Type I error rate = 0.5
The critical t for a 1-tailed alpha .05 and df=11 is 1.796 (expecting a positive
difference)
e. [Step 2] Illustrate the critical region of the t-distribution on the figure below

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 Name: Due: 7 days from today
Person Number:

2. The table below contains the pre- and post-treatment anxiety scores for each of the 12
experimental participants.
Subject Pre- Post- D D2
1 21 19 2 4
2 26 22 4 16
3 29 22 7 49
4 18 16 2 4
5 16 20 -4 16
6 22 16 6 36
7 20 21 -1 1
8 21 20 1 1
9 22 19 3 9
10 17 19 -2 4
11 16 15 1 1
12 15 14 1 1
=20 =142
a. [Step 3] Calculate "
20
" = = = 1.67
12
b. [Step 3] Calculate 23
5
400
= 5 = 142 = 108.67
12

= = 9.88 = 3.14
1
3.14
23 = = = 0.91
12
c. [Step 3] Calculate tobtained
" " 1.67 0
= = = 1.83
23 0.91
d. [Step 4] indicate tobtained on the t-distribution figure on the previous page.
e. [Step 4] What is our decision regarding the null and alternative hypotheses?
Our null hypothesis was that the mean difference would be less than or equal to
zero. We observed a positive difference, and the obtained t-score of 1.83
exceeded the critical t score of 1.796, so we reject the null hypothesis and accept
the alternative hypothesis that MM training reduces anxiety in this population.
f. Calculate an effect size for the experiment using the proportion of variance
accounted for (r2), and would you characterize the effect size as small, medium
or large?
>? C.DE? E.EF
5 = = = = 0.23 This would be a medium effect size
> ? @AB C.DE? @CC CG.EF

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