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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Multiculturalism is something that Indonesia have been proud of, Unity in
Diversity as Indonesias national motto hence in a simple case Indonesia is a nation
that is proud of its various cultures and hence it creates a better and tolerant people.
With population over 200 million of people and approximately 300 ethnic groups,
it creates a diverse culture and create a different point of view, yet people could still
work together as one, one nation and one vision.
Tolerance towards other and could accept how people think about
something is one of the main key to unify opinions, multicultural society hopefully
does not give problems to a nation, multicultural society could help a nation to keep
on developing as there are a lot to be considered and there are a lot of point of view
to build a nation such as Indonesia.
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1.2 Objectives
There are six important points regarding multiculturalism education, and the
following objectives are proposed:
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Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter will introduce and describe the background of this paper which
includes the limitation, data collecting method, and writing systematics.
Chapter 2: Discussion
Chapter 3: Conclusion
This chapter will consist of conclusion and suggestion for the paper written
by the authors.
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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
However, the social changes are also cannot be declined as the country
develops. If we take a look back on how multiculturalism grows in Indonesia, it
started with the basis foundation of Indonesia/ known as the national philosophy
Pancasila which was founded by Ir. Soekarno. Mr. Soekarno initiated the 5
principles (in Sanskrit) of Pansacila. Those 5 principles are belief in supreme God,
humanitarianism, national unity, democracy and social justice.
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Initially, the first principle which was Allah who is The Great One, was
replaced because it contradicted the conditions of Indonesia that has other
minorities, namely Hindu, Christian and Buddhist, though the majority of
Indonesians was 90% Muslims. That indicated the example action of respecting
differences of religion status in Indonesia.
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The social blasts of 1965 brought about the passing of a huge number of
Indonesians and Chinese. The pressures which started these assaults regularly have
been followed to Sukarno's financial approaches, which brought about
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hyperinflation, expanded hardship for the normal resident, and billions of dollars of
remote obligation for the country. Besides, the ethic seethe which was gone to on
those of Chinese plunge was filled by the unbalanced Chinese control of the
country's business endeavors and riches - assets whereupon political pioneers in
Java depended, and keep on depending. For Suharto's progression to the
administration to succeed, he frantically required both genuine monetary increases
for the dominant part and an intend to kill combustible talks about ethnic, religious,
political, and riches contrasts among the country's nationals.
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of time and some even marry Indonesians. This condition adds to the richness
of culture and race in Indonesia.
2. Foreign Culture Influence Factors. Globalization is an important process in the
spread of culture in the world community, especially Indonesia with its
democratic system becomes an open country. With such openness, the
community is easy to accept the culture that comes from outside although often
the occurrence of foreign cultural conflicts with local culture. The entry of
foreign culture is one of the factors enriching the culture and make the
community into a multicultural society.
3. Geographical Factors. Besides the spice-rich country, Indonesia also has a
strategic geographical position that is between two continents and two oceans
so that Indonesia serve as an international trade route. Because as a trade route,
many foreign countries come to Indonesia with the aim of trading such as
China, India, Arab, and European countries. This condition adds to the culture
that enters Indonesia and the creation of a multicultural society.
4. Physical and geological factors. When viewed from the structure of Indonesia
geology lies between the different three plates of Asia, Australia, and the
Pacific. This condition makes Indonesia a island-island country and has several
geological types such as: Asiatic type, transitional type, and Australis type.
With island-islands, people's lives vary according to the condition of each
island. The people who are on the small island will experience natural resource
difficulties, and the big island has plenty of natural resources. This makes the
culture of each island different.
5. Different Climate Factors In addition to having various islands in Indonesia
that affect the culture of society, the climate also greatly affect the culture in
Indonesia such as: people who are in the mountains with a cool climate to form
a friendly society culture. While people who are on the beach that has a hot
climate to form a person's emotional control more quickly angered.
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Indonesia is one of the countries with enormous natural resources especially when
it comes to spices. This attracts a lot of foreign countries such as Portuguese,
Netherlands, England and Japan to colonize the nation. Hence, living for a long
period of time in Indonesia was a normal thing for these countries, increasing the
richness of culture and races in Indonesia.
b. Foreign Impact
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comes to accepting new culture from out of the country even though at times it
might induce a clash and shock in culture-wise in between foreign culture and local-
or traditional culture. The infiltration of the foreign culture would then interfere the
existing society by creating a more multicultural society.
c. Geography
Beside of being rich for its spices, Indonesia also has a strategic geographical
location. It is placed in between two continents and two oceans, making Indonesia
familiar to international track for trade. Being an international track for trade has
led Indonesia to interact with a lot of countries such as China, India and Arab
countries. This typical condition would then add an even more numerous number
of cultures coming to Indonesia.
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E.B Taylor (1832 - 1917) stated that figuring a culture as a mix complexity
of knowledge, beliefs, art, moral, laws, customs, and the potential and other habits
gained by the humans as the person in a society as cited by Kawuryan (2009).
According to Claude Levi-Strauss, culture should be viewed in a context of
communication theory as a whole symbol system (language, friendship, economy,
myths and art) that in some possible levels to maintain communication (Cremers,
1997: 147). Moreover, culture will always be correlated with the people in societies.
They are all unified with one official language which is Bahasa Indonesia,
the activities of conducting same ceremony which is the annual Independence Day
ceremony, doing great things to represent Indonesia in the world. Without those
activities, multiculturalism will not be reflected in Indonesia. Behaviors play a
significant role to shape multiculturalism to good or bad ways.
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As I would like to think, we ought to stop all third world Migration, and
begin bringing in more White Europeans. In another 50-100 years, Whites will
either be a little minority or near eradication, and I don't need that to happen. Europe
ought to be for Europeans, America for Americans, Asia for Asians, and Africa for
Africans. This Multicultural trial is coming up short.
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People tends to think in the same way, acts the same way, do something the
same way as their culture. Culture develops people to become who they are, since
culture itself is basically repeated things that most people in an area do, or called
habit of people in an area. If people are living in a single culture area, it means that
those single cultured people could only see what is good and what is wrong based
on one perspective only. Hence multiculturalism could develop people and broaden
the thought of people towards things.
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unique, people would eat and drink differently hence student would understand that
and could respect people.
Other advantages are that people living in multiculturalism could work with
others better, in a professional world people need to have the skills to work with
everyone, by having a multicultural society in life, people tend to respect other
people better rather than having a single cultural society in the area the people
living. Other things are that in completing an assignment, with a multicultural
society background people tend to think from more than one perspective hence it
will result in a better finish.
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CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
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CHAPTER IV
REFERENCES
https://buladjaroberto.wordpress.com/2014/10/04/keadaan-masyarakat-
indonesia-yg-multikulturalisme/
https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-
quarterly/multiculturalism-some-lessons-indonesia
https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-
quarterly/multiculturalism-some-lessons-indonesia
Song, Sarah, "Multiculturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy (Spring 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL =
<https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/multiculturalism/>.
Culture and Commitment: a Study of the Generation Gap. Margaret Mead.
Garden City, NY: Natural History Press. 1970 ( tDAR id: 50123)
Tylor, Edward B. (Edward Burnett), 1832-1917: Primitive Culture:
Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion,
Language, Art, and Custom (2 volumes; London: John Murray, 1920)
Prof.Dr. Nur Syam, M. S. (2009). Tantangan Multikulturalisme Indonesia:
dari radikalisme menuju kebangsaan (5 ed.). Yogyakarta, Indonesia:
Kanisius (Anggota IKAPI).
Sekar Purbarini Kawuryan, S. I. P. (2009). MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN
MULTIKULTURAL. Retrieved from Yogyakarta:
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