Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ABSTRACT
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION
It is desirable to have a large starting torque because it is necessary that the motor should have
reached full speed in the shortest possible time. Also, the motor may be started under load. If
the motor is ran without a starter, the starting current will be very high. The affects of a high
starting current are:
a) Damages to the motor windings.
b) Large variation in line voltage, thereby affecting the other loads connected to the same
line.
c) Excessive sparking may be produced causing to the commutator bars.
d) Large torque may develop, causing damage to the machinery, the motor connected is
connected to.
To limit the starting current, a resistance must be connected in series with armature when
starting. This resistance must be gradually cut-off as the armature comes up to speed and
develops a counter EMF.
DC motors are started manually or automatically. Manual starters or controllers are designed to
give 125 to 200% of full-load current under starting conditions.
Modern DC power systems make use of manual DC controllers and automatic starters. Some
controllers are designed not only to start the motor but also to control its speed.
Automatic starters make use of a large number of electromagnetic relays which control the
resistance connected to the motor during starting. The most common automatic starters are
the :
a. Counter-EMF Starter
b. Current-Limiting Starter
c. Time-Limiting Starter
A variable resistance is connected in series with the motor armature while the field is connected
across the lines. The voltage drop in the added resistance decreases the counter EMF (V t - IaRa)
in the armature of the motor, thereby decreasing the motor speed. The advantage of this
method is that a wide range of speed control may be attained. But this has the disadvantage
that too much power is lost in the resistance in series with the armature.
Speed may be varied by changing the flux in the field. This is done by connecting a rheostat in
series with the field winding to control the field current. This method is very efficient and
provides a wide range of adjustable speed. Its disadvantage, however, is the accompanying
commutation difficulties.