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outermost layer
Alimentary Canal 1. Epithelium Areolar CT containing a rich supply Inner circular layer and outer Areolar CT covered with
Simple columnar epithelium rich in of blood and lymphatic vessels, longitudinal layer enable mesothelium (a single layer of
mucus-secreting cells except in lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibres segmentation and peristalsis. squamous epithelial cells) in
the oral cavity, esophagus, and anal which supply the surrounding intraperitoneal organs.
cavity. Secrete mucus, digestive tissues of the GI tract wall. In several places along the tract, the
enzymes, and hormones and circular layer thickens, forming In the esophagus, the serosa is
absorb the end products of sphincters that act as valves to replaced by an adventitia (fibrous
digestion into the blood. control food passage from one CT) that binds the esophagus to the
organ to the next and prevent surrounding structures.
2. Lamina propria (loose backflow.
areolar CT) Retroperitoneal organs have both a
Capillaries nourish the epithelium serosa and an adventitia.
and absorb digested nutrients.
Isolated lymphoid follicles, part of
MALT (mucosa-associated
lymphoid tissue), help defend
against bacteria and other
pathogens.
3. Muscularis mucosae
Produces local movements of the
mucosa.
Oral Cavity Epithelium: stratified squamous
epithelium
No muscularis mucosae
Pharynx Epithelium: stratified squamous
epithelium with mucus-producing
glands
Esophagus Epithelium: non-keratinized Scattered mucus (esophageal) Well-developed muscularis Upper third: consists of skeletal
stratified squamous epithelium glands provide lubrication for food provides peristaltic propulsion of muscle
to pass. food and segmentation.
Lamina propria: has fewer Lower two thirds: consists of
lymphocytes than that in the smooth muscle
stomach and intestine, presumably CT of the submucosa is typically In the transitional region, both
because the protective stratified more fibrous and less cellular than types of muscle may be seen.
squamous epithelium is more that in the laminar propria of the
effective at keeping out foreign mucosa.
antigens.