Lab Report

Title:
Materials Engineering Lab ME 251Lab
Introduction:
The lab is about to observe the properties of materials. Specifically, uncommon
warmth remedies for given steel strengthen the progress of various elective microstructures.
Those selective microstructures affect the mechanical properties of the steel. Without
changing the shape, we can alter the mechanical or physical properties of materials by the
glow treatment process. And this also makes the steel milder or hardener.

Theory:
Martensite, Bainite and Pearlite are the fragment of microstructures. The process of
Normalizing is useful to make the microstructures Bainite and Pearlite and Stifling use 100%
Martensite. In the end, solidifying uses Martensite. The purpose of warming the steel makes
it soft and material change. In the same way, the purpose of treating the material is to make it
milder and flexible. Heating the materials can make it harder and heating also affects the
properties of microstructures. The process of stifling makes the steel harder and more
grounded by Martensite. Solidifying the material at high temperature is a useful method for
temper and smothers that material and the method of Normalizing is useful to conciliate the
materials.

Methodology:
Extinguishing:
In this process, heat the example to 850 Celsius and hold it for 30 minutes. Now, keep
it to the water shower until the temperature will be 25 Celsius.
Hardening:
In the hardening process, heat the case to 850 Celsius and hold it for 30 minutes and
keep it to water shower to make the temperature 25 Celsius. Now, for two hours, warm the
case to max 700. At the end, to sand the rust layer off the case, chill off in a room
temperature which is 25 Celsius.
Tempering:
In this process also heat the case to 850 Celsius and hold it for 30 and chill off to the
room temperature in the radiator. To twist up particularly, reflexive little domain to be
adequate to do the hardness test, sand the rust layer off the case until one of its appearances.
Normalizing:
First of all heat the case to 850 Celsius and hold it for 30. After it let it cool at room
temperature and sand the rust layer off the surface.
 Data Tables:
Hardness (HRB) Impact Toughness
(ft-lbs)
Heat Treatment Average Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample Avg
HRB 2 Toughne
ss
Annealing 71.8 78 65.6 49.21 53.00 51.105
Normalizing 79.15 77.3 81.0 48.02 50.3 49.2
Temper Martensite (700 C) 89.5 88.4 90.6 190.71 189.48 190.095
Quench 108.305 105.81 110.8 6.27 6.68 6.48
Room Temperature (25 C) 101.9 101.6 102.2 19.98 16.94 18.46

Average % increase or Average % increase or Tensile % increase or

Hardness decrease in Impact decrease in Strength decrease in UTS

(HBR) HBR of heat Toughness toughness of (PSI) of heat treated

treated (ft-1bs) heat treated compared to UTS

compared to compared to at room

HBR at room toughness at temperature

temperature room

Annealing 71.8 -30.1% 51.105 181.1% 67000 -46.8%

Normalizing 79.15 -22.75% 49.2 166.5% 71000 -43.7%

Temper 89.5 -12.4% 190.095 924.1% 83000 -34.1%

Martensite

(700)

Quench 108.305 6.405% 6.48 -64.9% 166000 +31.7%

Room 101.9 18.46 126000

Temperature
 200

150

100

50

0
Annealing Normalizing Temper Martensite Quench Room Temperature
(700 C)

Average Hardness (HRB) Average Impact Toughness (ft-lbs) Tensile Strength (PSI)

Conclusion:
The lab was about to understand the behaviour of properties under many conditions
like extinguishing, hardening, tempering and normalizing. Hardening is the most diminished
in hardness, which makes the declaration to be real that treating makes the materials milder.
Normalizing is so close treating. Finally, solidifying is less hardness than smothering and
higher than the other two. Thus, this test is especially useful to engineers as they can change
the physical and the mechanical properties of the material without changing the shape. It
helps a significant measure in industry where troubles are happening.