Sei sulla pagina 1di 22

physicsandmathstutor.

com
EMAJanuary
ALNAR QUIZ
2008 1
Leave
blank
10. The curve C has equation

y = ( x + 3)( x 1) 2 .

(a) Sketch C showing clearly the coordinates of the points where the curve meets the
coordinate axes.
(4)

(b) Show that the equation of C can be written in the form

y = x3 + x 2 5 x + k ,

where k is a positive integer, and state the value of k.


(2)

There are two points on C where the gradient of the tangent to C is equal to 3.

(c) Find the x-coordinates of these two points.


(6)

16
*N25561A01624* 10
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
EMA ALNAR
June QUIZ
20141
Leave
blank
4.
y

A O x

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve C with equation

1
y= + 1, x 0
x
The curve C crosses the x-axis at the point A.

(a) State the x coordinate of the point A.


(1)

The curve D has equation y = x2(x 2), for all real values of x.

(b) A copy of Figure 1 is shown on page 7.


On this copy, sketch a graph of curve D.
Show on the sketch the coordinates of each point where the curve D crosses the
coordinate axes.
(3)

(c) Using your sketch, state, giving a reason, the number of real solutions to the equation

1
x2(x 2) = +1
x
(1)

6
*P43014A0628* 11
EMA ALNAR QUIZ 1
Leave
blank
8. The point P (1, a) lies on the curve with equation y = (x + 1)2(2 x).

(a) Find the value of a.


(1)

(b) On the axes below sketch the curves with the following equations:

(i) y = (x + 1)2(2 x),


2
(ii) y = x .

On your diagram show clearly the coordinates of any points at which the curves meet
the axes.
(5)

(c) With reference to your diagram in part (b) state the number of real solutions to the
equation
2
( x + 1) 2 (2 x) = x .
(1)

12
EMA ALNAR QUIZ 1
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2013 (R)
/HDYH
EODQN
 \

\ I [
 

  2   [

)LJXUH 

)LJXUH  VKRZV D VNHWFK RI WKH FXUYH & ZLWK HTXDWLRQ \ I [ 

7KH FXUYH & SDVVHV WKURXJK WKH SRLQW   DQG WRXFKHV WKH [D[LV DW WKH SRLQW   

7KH FXUYH & KDV D PD[LPXP DW WKH SRLQW   

D 7KH HTXDWLRQ RI WKH FXUYH & FDQ EH ZULWWHQ LQ WKH IRUP

\ [  D[  E[  F
ZKHUH D E DQG F DUH LQWHJHUV

&DOFXODWH WKH YDOXHV RI D E DQG F




E 6NHWFK WKH FXUYH ZLWK HTXDWLRQ \ I  [ LQ WKH VSDFH SURYLGHG RQ SDJH 

6KRZ FOHDUO\ WKH FRRUGLQDWHV RI DOO WKH SRLQWV ZKHUH WKH FXUYH FURVVHV RU PHHWV WKH
FRRUGLQDWH D[HV

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

13
EMA ALNAR QUIZ 1
Leave
blank
7. y

y = f (x)
y = 10

(0, 8)

(2, 5)

O x
Figure 3

Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation y = f (x).

The curve crosses the y-axis at the point (0, 8).

The line with equation y = 10 is the only asymptote to the curve.

The curve has a single turning point, a minimum point at (2, 5), as shown in Figure 3.
1
(a) State the coordinates of the minimum point of the curve with equation y = f x
4
(1)
(b) State the equation of the asymptote to the curve with equation y = f (x) 3
(1)

The curve with equation y = f (x) meets the line with equation y = k, where k is a
constant, at two distinct points.

(c) State the set of possible values for k.


(2)

(d) Sketch the curve with equation y = f (x). On your sketch, show clearly the
coordinates of the turning point, the coordinates of the intersection with the y-axis
and the equation of the asymptote.
(3)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

15
EMA ALNAR QUIZ 1
Leave
blank

12.
y Diagram not
drawn to scale

(1, 6) (5, 6)

(3, 2)
(6, 0)
O x

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation y = f (x).

The curve crosses the x-axis at the origin and at the point (6, 0). The curve
has maximum points at (1, 6) and (5, 6) and has a minimum point at (3, 2).

On separate diagrams sketch the curve with equation

(a) y = f (x)
(3)
1
(b) y = f x
2 (3)
(c) y = f (x + 4)
(3)

On each diagram show clearly the coordinates of the maximum and


minimum points, and the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses
the x-axis.

14
EMA ALNAR QUIZ 1
Leave
blank
11. The line l1 passes through the points P(1, 2) and Q(11, 8).

(a) Find an equation for l1 in the form y = mx + c, where m and c are constants.
(4)

The line l2 passes through the point R(10, 0) and is perpendicular to l1. The lines l1 and l2
intersect at the point S.

(b) Calculate the coordinates of S.


(5)

(c) Show that the length of RS is 35.


(2)

(d) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact area of triangle PQR.


(4)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16
EMA ALNAR QUIZ 1
Leave
blank
9. The line L1 has equation 4y + 3 = 2x

The point A (p, 4) lies on L1

(a) Find the value of the constant p.


(1)

The line L2 passes through the point C (2, 4) and is perpendicular to L1

(b) Find an equation for L2 giving your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0,


where a, b and c are integers.
(5)

The line L1 and the line L2 intersect at the point D.

(c) Find the coordinates of the point D.


(3)
3
(d) Show that the length of CD is 5
2 (3)

A point B lies on L1 and the length of AB = !"80)

The point E lies on L2 such that the length of the line CDE = 3 times the length of CD.

(e) Find the area of the quadrilateral ACBE.


(3)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

17
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2006
Leave
blank
3. On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of

(a) y = (x + 3)2,
(3)

(b) y = (x + 3)2 + k, where k is a positive constant.


(2)

Show on each sketch the coordinates of each point at which the graph meets the axes.

*N23557A0424*
4
physicsandmathstutor.com January 2009
Leave
blank
7. The equation kx2 + 4x + (5 k) = 0, where k is a constant, has 2 different real solutions
for x.

(a) Show that k satisfies


k2 5k + 4 > 0.
(3)

(b) Hence find the set of possible values of k.


(4)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
12
*n30081A01228*
June 2013 (R)
/HDYH
EODQN
 \ \ [

[  \ [  $

2 [

)LJXUH 

7KH OLQH \ [   PHHWV WKH FXUYH [  \ [  DW WKH SRLQWV $ DQG % DV VKRZQ LQ
)LJXUH 

D )LQG WKH FRRUGLQDWHV RI $ DQG WKH FRRUGLQDWHV RI %




E )LQG WKH GLVWDQFH $% LQ WKH IRUP U  ZKHUH U LV D UDWLRQDO QXPEHU



BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
June 2013
Leave
blank
10. Given the simultaneous equations

2x + y = 1
x2 4ky + 5k = 0

where k is a non zero constant,

(a) show that

x2 + 8kx + k = 0
(2)

Given that x2 + 8k x + k = 0 has equal roots,

(b) find the value of k.


(3)

(c) For this value of k, find the solution of the simultaneous equations.
(3)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

20
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2006
Leave
blank
9. Given that f(x) = (x2 6x)(x 2) + 3x,

(a) express f(x) in the form x(ax2 + bx + c), where a, b and c are constants.
(3)

(b) Hence factorise f(x) completely.


(2)

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f(x), showing the coordinates of each point at which the graph
meets the axes.
(3)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2007
Leave
blank
5.
y

O x

Figure 1
3
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = , x 0.
x
3
(a) On a separate diagram, sketch the curve with equation y = , x 2 ,
x+2
showing the coordinates of any point at which the curve crosses a coordinate axis.
(3)

(b) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of the curve in part (a).
(2)
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2010
Leave
blank
6.
y

A (2, 3)

O x


B (3, 5)

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f (x). The curve has a maximum
point A at (2, 3) and a minimum point B at (3, 5).

On separate diagrams sketch the curve with equation

(a) y = f (x + 3)
(3)

(b) y = 2f (x)
(3)

On each diagram show clearly the coordinates of the maximum and minimum points.

The graph of y = f (x) + a has a minimum at (3, 0), where a is a constant.

(c) Write down the value of a.


(1)

10
physicsandmathstutor.com January 2012
Leave
blank
5. The curve C has equation y = x(5 x) and the line L has equation 2 y = 5 x + 4

(a) Use algebra to show that C and L do not intersect.


(4)

(b) In the space on page 11, sketch C and L on the same diagram, showing the coordinates
of the points at which C and L meet the axes.
(4)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2012
Leave
blank
10.
y

(3, 27)
C

A
O x
Figure 1

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve C with equation y = f(x) where

f (x) = x2(9 2x)

There is a minimum at the origin, a maximum at the point (3, 27) and C cuts the x-axis at
the point A.

(a) Write down the coordinates of the point A.


(1)

(b) On separate diagrams sketch the curve with equation

(i) y = f(x + 3)

(ii) y = f(3x)

On each sketch you should indicate clearly the coordinates of the maximum point and
any points where the curves cross or meet the coordinate axes.
(6)

The curve with equation y = f (x) + k, where k is a constant, has a maximum point at (3, 10).

(c) Write down the value of k.


(1)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2013
Leave
blank
8.
y

3 O 1 x

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x) where

f(x) = (x + 3)2 (x 1), x !"!.

The curve crosses the x-axis at (1, 0), touches it at (3, 0) and crosses the y-axis at (0, 9)

(a) In the space below, sketch the curve C with equation y = f(x + 2) and state the
coordinates of the points where the curve C meets the x-axis.
(3)

(b) Write down an equation of the curve C.


(1)

(c) Use your answer to part (b) to find the coordinates of the point where the curve C
meets the y-axis.
(2)

14
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2006
Leave
blank
11. The line l1 passes through the points P(1, 2) and Q(11, 8).

(a) Find an equation for l1 in the form y = mx + c, where m and c are constants.
(4)

The line l2 passes through the point R(10, 0) and is perpendicular to l1. The lines l1 and l2
intersect at the point S.

(b) Calculate the coordinates of S.


(5)

(c) Show that the length of RS is 35.


(2)

(d) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact area of triangle PQR.


(4)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
physicsandmathstutor.com January 2011
Leave
blank

9. The line L 1 has equation 2 y 3 x k = 0, where k is a constant.

Given that the point A (1, 4) lies on L 1 , find

(a) the value of k,


(1)

(b) the gradient of L 1 .


(2)

The line L 2 passes through A and is perpendicular to L 1 .

(c) Find an equation of L 2 giving your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and
c are integers.
(4)

The line L 2 crosses the x-axis at the point B.

(d) Find the coordinates of B.


(2)

(e) Find the exact length of AB.


(2)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

16
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2012
Leave
blank
9. The line L1 has equation 4y + 3 = 2x

The point A (p, 4) lies on L1

(a) Find the value of the constant p.


(1)

The line L2 passes through the point C (2, 4) and is perpendicular to L1

(b) Find an equation for L2 giving your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0,


where a, b and c are integers.
(5)

The line L1 and the line L2 intersect at the point D.

(c) Find the coordinates of the point D.


(3)
3
(d) Show that the length of CD is 5
2 (3)

A point B lies on L1 and the length of AB = !"80)

The point E lies on L2 such that the length of the line CDE = 3 times the length of CD.

(e) Find the area of the quadrilateral ACBE.


(3)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Potrebbero piacerti anche