The 2014-2016 list is different from the last list because it is improved.

Due to ongoing

deforestation they focused on similar related species to make their future survival last longer. The

species for one has since improved when they were put on the list in 2008. Eight of the primates that

weren't included on the previous list are now considered the world's most endangered primates for the

first time. Primate species that were included on the previous 2012-2014 list were removed from the

new 2014-2016 list. Four species were added back to the 2014-2016 list after previously being removed

and the other four are new to the list.

The first species I chose is a Rondo dwarf galago (Galagoides rondoensis) which is located in

Africa. It is the smallest of the galago species weighing about 60 grams. It is distinctive from the other

dwarfs because of its size, shape of tail, reproductive composition, and its call. From the knowledge we

have today they are able to be found in two areas one being in Southwest Tanzia in the shoreline towns

and the higher up the Rufiji River in nearby plantation. The dwarf galagos consist of assorted insects and

fruit and typically eat closer to ground level. They tend to cling and leap in the understory in a vertical

direction. Up in the canopy is where they often build their daytime sleeping cocoons. With their size

they are victims of the nocturnal animals among them.

The dangers the Rondo dwarf galago faces is first by becoming a critically endangered animal

over the course of eight years, from 200-2008 their title changed from just being 'endangered'. Based on

some primate ranking in one of the locations they are in, Tanzia they ranked the second highest with the

Taxon conservation score clearly making them an interest. It's critical for them to get more survey

results in order to determine the population sizes in the plantations. Their utmost threat is the species
losing their habitat. A couple of national and local forest sites are at least protected but a majority of

their sites are prone to logging, charcoal manufacture, and agricultural encroachment which would

result in the dwarf galagos losing their habitat land.

There are many acts of conservation needed fast by observing the frequency of habitat loss,

guessing population size, observing new areas for remaining populations, and of course expanding

awareness. Since these conservation acts were proposed a new project has taken place to help

approach the research issues.

The second species I chose is a Chamba sacred langur (Semnopithecus ajax) which is found in

Asia. The Chamba sacred langur is the least known about with the langurs. The species was first talked

about by Reginald Pocock a British naturalist. He first described the species as 'a handsome langur'

which was multicolored darker on the arms and mixed on the upper side with a shaggy mane around its

head. Adult males are typically a different color than females due to their species. Most of the species

have a fluffy cowl and are bigger built. They can be found in Dehra Dun in Uttarakhand to Pakistani

Kashmir in the western part of the northern Himalayas and in Chamba. They would rather have the

altitude of 1200m to 4000m asl. Their diet sometimes depends on the season but most langurs eat mud

and lick rocks which isn't uncommon among primates. However the langurs are insistent when it comes

to robbing crops, which is also a portion of their diet. They normally live in population sizes of 25-40, but

not much is known about their habitat selection or home range. Aggression is out of the ordinary except

when it comes to mating season. Grooming is the regular social liveliness among the langurs as well as a

baby langur being cared for by other females besides its mother. There are only two types of

communication with them one being a deep bark and the other being a squeal.
 A threat to the species is developmental activities, unregulated and uninformed tourism is a

growing thing and getting out of hand. With everything around the Wildlife Sanctuary such as hotels,

restaurants, and resorts they don't have the proper waste disposal for all of them leaving toxic waste

around the property. There isn't an environmental regulation that passes off to be able to study the

whereabouts of the wildlife. Back to the langurs stealing the crops is a serious threat as well, some

people don't handle it well and act in an opposing way about it. Logging and lopping are also something

that have an impact on threats with the langurs.

In 2012 a conservation was created in Chamba to work with the communities of the town to

help protect crops and establishing a community conservation podium. The community conservation

allies with farmer communities and other worried supporters of the idea to have a mutual

understanding and deal with the issues between humans and wildlife.

The next species I chose is the Northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis) which is in

Madagascar. The Northern sportive lemur is restricted to a few various pockets of plantation in the

Sahafary Region. The number of animals that were studied has vigorously decreased within the past

decade. Their social group species was estimated to 120 population count mainly in the Sahafary area.

Further surveys showed that not only were the lemurs not found where they once were accounted for

but no animal was to be found. They are nocturnal so they sleep during the day and are active at night.

Their diet consists of fresh leaves.

Human encroachment from the city nearby the Sahafary Region, Antsiranana is financially

causing problems with the making of charcoal and storing sand. Conservation programs and community

cooperation are the only practical solutions.

 The last species I chose is a Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) that are found in Asia. The

orangutan is considered a single taxonomic unit. The orangutan can be found in Indonesia where only

small populations of wild orangutans are only remnant in lowlands. DNA studies show that

southernmost groups are distinct from those of the further North. The biggest Sumatran orangutan

populations are located in the Leuser Ecosystem. Their diet mainly consists of fruit but occasionally will

eat fresh leaves and flowers along with some insects. Their social interaction comes from the access of

fruit they have and brings them all together.

The orangutan is faced with a more instant threat of extinction being on the critical extinction

list. A more recent study guesses that only about 6,600 orangutans exist in designated areas.

Orangutans are prone to extinction due to their low reproductive rate and solidity. A threat to the

orangutans is destruction and fragmentation to their habitat. Large plantations such as forests are being

cleared for oil rigs and mining. Roads are also being unrestricted around the orangutan habitat causing

access for encroachment, settlement, and illegal wildlife hunting. Babies are kept or traded.

Conservations show concern that each of the reasons for orangutan extinction are growing.

They came up with a plan which was illegal and were waiting to get bypassed on however the

plan would technically cross itself out because of the illegal roads that were already leading to the

Leuser Ecosystem. They've brought it worldwide to attention and are trying to come up with a legal,

substantial plan. They severely rely on eliminating illegal actions and replacing them with legal laws.

With all the various species I chose in extremely different countries, climates, altitudes, come

with very similar threats and problems. All of them in common are becoming extinct and the many

reasons they are becoming extinct is again very similar. What most stood out to me was not them losing
their habitat but how they were losing it. Even in completely separate locations the Rondo dwarf galago

faced problems with logging as did the Chamba sacred langur. While the Northern sportive lemur was

having problems with the production of charcoal as well as the Rondo dwarf galago. The Rondo dwarf

galago is faced with not just extinction but critical extinction along with the Sumatran orangutan.

Sources:

Primates in the Peril 2014-2016