91.

Locate the center of mass of the homogeneous rod bent y

into the shape of a circular arc.

30

300 mm

SOLUTION
dL = 300 d u
' 30
x = 300 cos u
'
y = 300 sin u
2p
3
' 300 cos u (300du)
x dL
L L-2p3
x = = 2p
3
dL 300d u
L L-2p3
2p
(300)2 C sin u D -3 2p3
=
4
300 a p b
3

= 124 mm Ans.

y = 0 (By symmetry) Ans.

.

.
93. Determine the mass and the location of the center of y
mass x of the rod if its mass per unit length is
m = m0(1 + x>L).
x

L
.

.
95.

Locate the centroid ( x, y ) of the uniform rod. Evaluate the y

integrals using a numerical method.

px
y a cos
a
SOLUTION
Differential Element. The length of the element shown shaded in Fig. a is
a

dy 2
dL = 2dx2 + dy2 = 1 + a b dx
C dx

p p p x
= aa - sin x b a b = - p sin x
dy
Here,
dx a a a a

2
p 2
p
dL = 1 + a -p sin x b dx = 1 + p2 sin2 x dx
C a C a
p
The centroid of the element is located at xc = x and yc = y = a cos x. Applying
a
Eq. 95 we have

a>2
2 p
x~ dL x 1 + p 2 sin x dx
LL L0 B a 0.3444a2
x = = a>2
= = 0.299a Ans.
p 1.1524a
dL 1 + p sin 2
x dx 2
LL L0 B a

a>2
p 2 p
y~ dL a cos x 1 + p 2 sin x dx
LL L0 a B a 0.6191a 2
y = = a>2
= = 0.537a Ans.
p 1.1524a
dL 1 + p 2 sin 2 x dx
LL L0 B a
96.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

1
y 1 x2
4
1m
x
2m

SOLUTION
Area and Moment Arm: The area of the differential element is

dA = ydx = a1 - x2 b dx and its centroid is y = = a1 - x 2 b .

1 ' y 1 1
4 2 2 4
Centroid: Due to symmetry

x = 0 Ans.

Applying Eq. 94 and performing the integration, we have

2m
' 1 1 2 1
ydA 1 - x 1 - x 2 dx
LA L- 2m 2 4 4
y = =
2m
dA 1 2
LA
1 - x dx
L- 2m 4

`
x x3 x 5 2m
- +
2 12 160 - 2m 2
= = m Ans.
`
x 3 2m 5
x -
12 - 2m
97.

Determine the area and the centroid x of the parabolic area. y

h
h x2
SOLUTION y
a2

Differential Element:The area element parallel to the x axis shown shaded in Fig. a
x
will be considered. The area of the element is
a

a
dA = x dy = y 1>2 dy
h1>2
' x a '
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at x = = y 1>2 and y = y.
2 2h1>2

Area: Integrating,

A y3>2 B 2 =
h h
a 2a 2
A = dA = y 1>2 dy = ah Ans.
LA L0 h 1>2
3h 1>2
0 3

`
h
' a a a
h 2 a2 y2 h
xdA y1>2 y 1>2 dy y dy
LA L0 1>2
2h 1>2
h L0 2h 2h 2 0 3
x = = = = = a Ans.
2 2 2 8
dA ah ah ah
LA 3 3 3
98.

Locate the centroid y of the parabolic area. y

SOLUTION
Differential Element: The area element parallel to the x axis shown shaded in Fig. a
will be considered. The area of the element is h

a h x2
y
dA = x dy = y 1>2 dy a2
h1>2
' x a 1>2 ' x
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at x = = 1>2
y and y = y. a
2
2h
Area: Integrating,

A y3>2 B 2 =
h h
a 2a 2
A = dA = y1>2 dy = ah Ans.
LA L0 h 1>2
3h 1>2
0 3

h
h h
ya
5>2 2
dy b
' a 1>2 a 3>2 2a
y dA y y dy y
LA L0 h
1>2
L0 h1>2 5h
1>2 0 3
y = = = = = h Ans.
2 2 2 5
dA ah ah ah
LA 3 3 3
99.

Locate the centroid x of the area. y

SOLUTION 2

y x3
Differential Element: The differential area element parallel to the y axis shown 4m
shaded in Fig. a will be considered. The area of the element is
x
dA = y dx = x2>3 dx
8m
Area: Integrating the area of the differential elements gives

8m 8m
x2>3 dx = c x5>3 d 2
3
A = dA = = 19.2 m2 Ans.
LA L0 5 0

'
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at x = x. Applying Eq. 94, we have

8m

xAx dx B
8m 8m
3 >
c x8 3d 2
' 2>3 5>3
x dA x dx
LA L0 L0 8 0
x = = = = = 5m Ans.
19.2 19.2 19.2
dA
LA

m
910.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

SOLUTION 2

y x3
Area: Integrating the area of the differential element gives 4m

8m 8m x
dx = c x5>3 d 2
3
A = dA = x 2>3
= 19.2 m2 Ans.
LA L0 5 0 8m
1 '
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at y = y>2 = x2>3. Applying
2
Eq. 94, we have

8m 8m

x A x B dx
' 1 2>3 2>3 1 4>3
y dA x dx
LA L0 2 L0 2
y = = =
19.2 19.2
dA
LA

8m

c x d
3 7>3 2
14 0
= = 1.43 m Ans.
19.2

m
911.

Locate the centroid x of the area. y

h
SOLUTION y 2 x2
b
h
dA = y dx
'
x = x
x
b
b
' h 3 h 4 b
x dA x dx B x R
LA L0 b 2 4b2 0 3
x = = = = b Ans.
b
h 2 h b 4
dA x dx B 2 x3 R
LA L0 b 2
3b 0
912.

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. y

h
SOLUTION y 2 x2
b
h
dA = y dx
' y
y =
2 x
b 2 2 b b
' h 4 h
y dA x dx B x5 R
LA L0 2b 4 10b4 0 3
y = = = = h Ans.
b
h 2 h b 10
dA x dx B 2 x3 R
LA L0 b
2
3b 0
913.

Locate the centroid x of the shaded area. y

SOLUTION 4m 1
y 4 x2
16 x

dA = 14 - y2dx = a x2 b dx
1 8m
16
'
x = x
8
x2
xa b dx
'
xdA
LA L0 16
x = = 8
a x b dx
dA 1 2
LA L0 16
x = 6.00 m Ans.
914.

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. y

SOLUTION 4m 1
y 4 x2
16 x
dA = 14 - y2dx = a x b dx
1 2 8m
16
4 + y
y =
2
8
x2 x2
b a b dx
' 1
ydA 8 -
LA 2 L0 16 16
y = = 8
a x b dx
dA 1 2
LA L0 16
y = 2.80 m Ans.
915.

Locate the centroid x of the area. y

SOLUTION
Differential Element: The element parallel to the y axis shown shaded in Fig. a will
be considered. The area of the element is xy c2

c2
dA = y dx = dx
x
'
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at x = x x

a
Area: Integrating,
b
b 2 b
c b
A = dA = dx = c2 ln x 2 = c2 ln
LA La x a
a

We have

b b b
c2
xa
dx b
' c 2x 2
x dA c2 dx
LA La x La a b - a
x = = = = = Ans.
b b b b
dA c2 ln c2 ln c2 ln ln
LA a a a a
916.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

SOLUTION
Differential Element: The element parallel to the y axis shown shaded in Fig. a will
be considered. The area of the element is xy c2

c2
dA = y dx = dx
x
2
' y c
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at y = = . x
2 2x
a
Area: Integrating,
b
b 2 b
c b
A = dA = dx = c2 ln x 2 = c2 ln Ans.
LA La x a
a

We have

b b
c2 c2 c4
yc dA a b a dx b 2
dx
LA La 2x x La 2x
y = = =
b b
dA c2 ln c2 ln
LA a a
b
c4
- 3
2x
a c2(b - a)
= = Ans.
b b
c2 ln 2ab ln
a a
917.

Locate the centroid x of the shaded area. y

SOLUTION y = ahn xn
x
Area and Moment Arm: T he area of the differential element is a
xn
dA = 1h - y2dx = h 1 - n dx and its centroid is x = x.
'
a

Centroid: Applying Eq. 94 and performing the integration, we have

a
' xn
xdA xBh1 - dx R
LA L0 an
x = =
a
dA xn
LA h1 - dx
L0 an

n `
x2 xn + 2 a
h -
2 1n + 22a 0
=

n `
xn + 1 a
h x -
1n + 12a 0

n + 1
= a Ans.
2 n + 2
918.

Locate the centroid x of the shaded area. y

h
y h n x n
a

SOLUTION h

dA = y dx
x
' a
x = x

a
' h n+1
x dA hx - x dx
LA L0 an
x = =
a
dA h n
LA h - x dx
L0 an

h h1xn + 22 a
B x2 - R
2 a 1n + 22
n
0
=
h1x n+1
2 a
B hx - R
an1n + 12 0

a b a2
h h
-
2 n + 2 n + 1
x = = a Ans.
21n + 22
ah - ba
h
n + 1
919.

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. y

h
y h n x n
a

SOLUTION h

dA = y dx
x
' y a
y =
2

a
' 1 h2 h2
y dA h2 - 2 n xn + 2n x2n dx
LA 2 L0 a a
y = =
a
dA h n
LA h - x dx
L0 an

1 2 2h21xn + 12 h21x2n + 12 a
Bh x - n + 2n R
2 a 1n + 12 a 12n + 12 0
=
h1xn + 12 a
B hx - R
a 1n + 12
n
0

2n2
h
21n + 1212n + 12 n
y = = h Ans.
n 2n + 1
n + 1
920.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

y h xn

an
h
SOLUTION
dA = y dx x
y a
y =
2
a
' 1 h2
ydA 2 a 2n x 2n dx h2(a 2n + 1)
LA L0 2a 2n(2n + 1) n + 1
y = = a = = h Ans.
h
h(a n + 1) 2(2n + 1)
dA an xn dx a n(n + 1)
LA L0
921.

Locate the centroid x of the area. y

SOLUTION
a

dA = x dy 1
y x2
a
x
' x a
x =
2

a a
1ay1>2dy = 1a a a3>2 b = a2
2 2
dA = x dy =
LA L0 L0 3 3

a a
' x2 a 1
x dA = dy = y dy = a3
LA L0 2 L0 2 4

' 1 3
x dA a
LA 4 3
x = = = a Ans.
2 2 8
dA a
LA 3
922.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

SOLUTION
a
dA = x dy
1
y x2
a
'
y = y a
x

a a
1ay3>2dy = 1a a a5>2 b = a3
' 2 2
y dA = xy dy =
LA L0 L0 5 5
' 2 3
y dA a
LA 5 3
y = = = a Ans.
2 2 5
dA a
LA 3
923.

Locate the centroid x of the quarter elliptical area. y

x2
y2 1

a2 b2

SOLUTION b

dA = y dx x
a
' x
x =
2
'
y = y

a
b2 2 x a p
c x 2a2 - x2 + a2 sin-1 d = ab
b
dA = b2 - x dx =
L0 B
2
LA a 2a a 0 4

b b
' 1 a2 1 a2 1
x dA = a2 - 2 y2 dy = B a2y - 2 y3 R = a2b
LA 2 L0 b 2 3b 0 3

'
x dA 1 2
LA 3a b 4a
x = = p = Ans.
4 ab 3p
dA
LA
924.

Locate the centroid y of the quarter elliptical area. y

x2
y2 1

a2 b2

SOLUTION b

dA = y dx x

' a
x = x

' y
y =
2

a
b2 2 x a p
c x 2a2 - x2 + a2 sin-1 d = ab
b
dA = b2 - x dx =
L0 B
2
LA a 2a a 0 4

a a
' 1 b2 1 b2 1
y dA = b2 - 2 x2 dx = B b2x - 2 x3 R = ab2
LA 2 L0 a 2 3a 0 3

'
y dA 1 2
LA 3 ab 4b
y = = p = Ans.
4 ab 3p
dA
LA
m2
2m

m3

m .

2m
926.

Locate the centroid x of the area. y

px
y a cos
a
SOLUTION
Differential Element: The element parallel to the y axis shown shaded in Fig. a will
a
be considered. The area of the element is

p
dA = y dx = a cos x dx
a
'
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at x = x.
x
a

Area: Integrating, 2

a>2
p a2 p 2 a>2 a2
A = dA = a cos x dx = sin x = Ans.
LA L0 a p a 0 p
We have

a>2 a>2 a>2

p p
x a a cos x dx b
'
x dA ax cos x dx
L0 L0 a L0 a
x = = =
a2 a2
dA
LA p p

a2 p a3 p a>2
x sin x + 2 cos x 2
p a p a p - 2
= a ba
0
= Ans.
a2 2p
p
927.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

px
y a cos
a
SOLUTION
Differential Element: The element parallel to the y axis shown shaded in Fig. a will
a
be considered. The area of the element is

p
dA = y dx = a cos x dx
a
' y a p
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at y = = cos x. x
2 2 a
a

Area: Integrating, 2

a>2
p a2 p a>2 a2
A = dA = a cos x dx = sin x 2 = Ans.
LA L0 a p a 0 p
We have

a>2 a>2 2
p p p
a cos x b a a cos x dx b
' a a
y dA cos2 x dx
LA L0 2 a a L0 2 a
y = = =
a2 a2
dA
LA p p

a>2 a>2
a2 a
a
a2
a cos
2p 2p
x + 1b dx sin x + xb 2
4 L0 a 4 2p a 0 p
= = = a Ans.
a2 a2 8
p p
928.

Locate the centroid x of the area. y

2

SOLUTION y x3

Differential Element: The differential element parallel to the y axis shown shaded 1m
in Fig. a will be considered. The area of the element is
3

y x2
dA = (y1 - y2) dx = (x 2>3
- x 3>2
) dx
x
'
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at x = x. 1m

(x2>3 - x3>2) dx = x5>3 - x5>2 ` = m2 Ans.

1m 1
3 2 1
A = dA =
LA L0 5 5 0 5

We have

1m 1m
'
x dA x(x2>3 - x3>2) dx (x5>3 - x5>2) dx
LA L0 L0
x = = =
1 1
dA
LA 5 5

x `
3 2 7>2 1m
x8>3 -
8 7 0 25
= = m Ans.
1 56
5
929.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

2

SOLUTION y x3

Differential Element: The differential element parallel to the y axis shown shaded 1m
in Fig. a will be considered. The area of the element is
3

y x2
dA = (y1 - y2) dx = (x 2>3
- x 3>2
) dx
x

' 1 1 1m
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at y = (y1 + y2) = (x2>3 + x3>2).
2 2

(x2>3 - x3>2) dx = x5>3 - x5>2 ` = m2

1m 1
3 2 1
A = dA = Ans.
LA L0 5 5 0 5

We have

1m 1m
' 1 2>3 1 4>3
y dA (x + x 3>2)(x2>3 - x 3>2) dx (x - x3) dx
- LA L0 2 L0 2
y = = =
1 1
dA
LA 5 5

B x - R`
1 3 7>3 x4 1 m
2 7 4 0
=
1
5
25
= m Ans.
56
930.

Locate the centroid x of the area. y

SOLUTION
Differential Element: The element parallel to the y axis shown shaded in Fig. a will 1x
y
be considered. The area of the element is 1m 2

1 x2
y
4
1 1
dA = (y1 - y2) dx = x - x2 dx x
2 4
2m
'
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at x = x.

Area: Integrating,

2m
1 1 2 1 1 322 m
A = dA = x - x dx = x2 - x = 0.3333m2
LA L0 2 4 4 12 0

= 0.333 m2 Ans.

We have
2m 2m
1 1 1 1 3
xc dA x x - x2 dx x2 - x dx
- LA L0 2 4 L0 2 4
x = = =
0.3333 0.3333
dA
LA
1 3 1 422 m
x - x
6 16 0
= = 1m Ans.
0.3333
931.

Locate the centroid y of the area. y

SOLUTION
Differential Element: The element parallel to the y axis shown shaded in Fig. a will 1x
y
be considered. The area of the element is 1m 2

1 x2
y
1 1 4
dA = (y1 - y2) dx = x - x2 dx x
2 4
2m
' 1
Centroid: The centroid of the element is located at y = (y1 - y2)
2
1 1 1
= x + x2
2 2 4

Area: Integrating,

2m
1 1 2 1 1 322m
A = dA = x- x dx = x2 - x
LA L0 2 4 4 12 0

= 0.3333 m2 = 0.333 m2 Ans.

We have
2m 2m
' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
y dA x + x2 x - x2 dx x - x4 dx
LA L0 2 2 4 2 4 L0 2 4 16
y = = =
0.3333 0.3333
dA
LA
2m
1 1 3 1
x - x5 2
2 12 80 0
= = 0.4 m Ans.
0.3333
932.

Locate the centroid x of the shaded area. y

x
y a sin a

SOLUTION a

Area and Moment Arm: The area of the differential element is x

x ap
dA = ydx = a sin dx and its centroid are x = x
a
pa
x a a sin dx b
' x
xdA
LA L0 a
x = = pa
x
dA a sin dx
LA L0 a

- x a a2 cos b d `
pa
c a3 sin
x x
a a 0
=
b`
x pa
a - a2 cos
a 0

p
= a Ans.
2
933.

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. y

x
y a sin a

SOLUTION a

Area and Moment Arm: The area of the differential element is x

x y a x
dA = ydx = a sin dx and its centroid are y = = sin . ap
a 2 2 a

bd`
pa pa
c a a x - a sin
1 2 1 2x
sin a a sin dx b
a x x
ydA
4 2 a p
y = LA =
L0 2 a a
=
0
= a Ans.
pa

a - a cos b `
x x pa 8
dA a sin dx 2
LA L0 a a 0
934.

The steel plate is 0.3 m thick and has a density of y

7850 kg>m3. Determine the location of its center of mass.
Also compute the reactions at the pin and roller support. y2 2x

2m

SOLUTION
x
y1 = - x1 A

y 22 = 2x2 2m

dA = 1y2 - y12 dx = A 22x + x B dx y x

B
'
x = x
2m
' y2 + y1 22x - x
y = =
2 2

x A 22x + x B dx
2 2
c x + x3 d
' 222 5>2 1
x dA
LA L0 5 3 0
x= = = = 1.2571 = 1.26 m Ans.
A 22x + x B dx
2
2 22 3>2 2
c x + x2 d
dA 1
LA L0 3 2 0

A 22x + x B dx
2
22x - x x2 2
c - x3 d
' 1
y dA
LA L0 2 2 6 0
y = = = = 0.143 m Ans.
A 22x + x B dx
2
2 22 3>2 2
c x + x2 d
dA 1
LA L0 3 2 0

A = 4.667 m2

W = 785019.81214.667210.32 = 107.81 kN

a + MA = 0; -1.25711107.812 + NB A 2 22 B = 0

NB = 47.92 = 47.9 kN Ans.

+ F = 0; -A x + 47.92 sin 45 = 0
: x

A x = 33.9 kN Ans.

+ c Fy = 0; A y + 47.92 cos 45 - 107.81 = 0

A y = 73.9 kN Ans.
9 35.

Locate the centroid xc of the shaded area.

Given:

a 4m

b 4m

Solution:

a

x x
2
A
b  b dx
a a
0
a

1
2
xc xb
x x
 b dx
A a a

0

xc 1.80 m Ans.
936.

Locate the centroid yc of the shaded area.

Given:

a 4m

b 4m

Solution:

a

x x
2
A
b  b dx
a a
0
a

1
2
x
2
yc
1
b
x x
 b b
x
 b dx yc 1.80 m Ans.
A 2 a a a a

0
937.
y
If the density at any point in the quarter circular plate is
defined by r = r0xy, where r0 is a constant, determine the
x2 y2 r 2
mass and locate the center of mass (x, y) of the plate. The
plate has a thickness t.

SOLUTION r

Differential Element: The element parallel to the y axis shown shaded in Fig. a will
x
be considered. The mass of this element is

dm = r dV = r0 xy(ty dx)

= r0 txy2dx

= r0 t(r 2x - x 3) dx

Mass: Integrating,

r
r2x2 x4 r
b 2 = r0 r4 t
1
m = dm = r0 t(r2x - x3) dx = r0 ta - Ans.
Lm L0 2 4 0 4

Center of Mass: The center of mass of the element is located at xc = x. Applying

Eq. 92 we have

r r
x~ dm x c r0 t(r2x - x3)dx d r0 t ar2x2 - x4 bdx
Lm L0 L0
x = = =
1 1
dm r r4 t r r4t
Lm 4 0 4 0

r2x3 x5 2 r
r0 t a - b
3 5 0 8
= = r Ans.
1 15
r r 4t
4 0

By considering the element parallel to the x axis shown shaded in Fig. b,

dm = r dV = r0xy(tx dy) = r0 tx2y dy = r0 t(r 2y - y 3) dy. In this case, yc = y.
Applying Eq. 92, we have

r r
y~ dm y c r0 t(r2y - y3)dy d r0 t(r2y2 - y4) dy
Lm L0 L0 8
y = = = = r Ans.
1 1 15
dm r r4 t r r 4t
Lm 4 0 4 0
938.

Determine the location r of the centroid C of the cardioid,

r = a11 - cos u2.
r
u
C

SOLUTION
1 2
dA = r du
2
p
1 2 3
A = 2 (a )(1 - cos u)2 du = p a 2
L0 2 2
p
a r cos u b a b (a 2)(1 - cos u)2 du
2 1
~
rx dA = 2
LA L0 3 2
p
2 3
= a (1 - cos u)3 cos u du = -3.927 a 3
3 L0

'
rx dA
- LA 3.927 a 3
r =
~
= = 0.833 a Ans.
3
dA p a2
LA 2
939.

Locate the centroid y of the paraboloid. z

z2 = 6 y

6m

y
SOLUTION
Volume and Moment Arm: The volume of the thin disk differential element is
'
dV = pz2dy = p16y2dy and its centroid y = y.
6m
Centroid: Applying Eq. 93 and performing the integration, we have
6m
'
ydV y3p16y2dy4
LV L0 (6y)
y = = 4m
dV p16y2dy
LV L0
y3 6m
6p
3 0
= = 4m Ans.
2 6m
y
6p
2 0

6m
940.

Locate the center of gravity of the volume. The material is z

homogeneous.

2m

SOLUTION 2m
y 2 = 2z
Volume and Moment Arm: The volume of the thin disk differential element is
' y
dV = py2dz = p12z2dz = 2pzdz and its centroid z = z.

Centroid: Due to symmetry about z axis

' '
x = y = 0 Ans.

Applying Eq. 93 and performing the integration, we have

2m
'
z dV z12pzdz2
' Lv L0
z = = 2m
dV 2pzdz
Lv L0

z3 2m
2p
3 0 4
= = m Ans.
z 2 2m 3
2p
2 0
941.

Locate the centroid z of the hemisphere. z

y2 + z2 = a2

y
a
SOLUTION
Volume and Moment Arm: The volume of the thin disk differential element is
'
dV = py2dz = p1a2 - z22dz and its centroid z = z. x

Centroid: Applying Eq. 93 and performing the integration, we have

a
'
z dV z3p1a2 - z22dz4
' LV L0
z = = a
dV p1a2 - z22dz
LV L0
a
a2z2 z4
p -
2 4 0 3
= = a Ans.
z 3 a 8
p az -2
3 0
.
.
944.

Locate the centroid of the ellipsoid of revolution. z

y2 z2
1
b2 a 2
a

x y
SOLUTION
b
dV = p z2 dy
b
y2 y3 b
2pa2b
dV = p a2 a 1 - 2
b dy = p a2 c y - 2
d =
L L0 b 3b 0 3
b 2 2
' y y y4 b p a2b2
ydV = p a2y a1 - 2
b dy = p a2 c - 2
d =
L L0 b 2 4b 0 4

' pa2b2
ydV
LV 4 3
y = = 2
= b Ans.
2pa b 8
dV
LV 3

x = z = 0 (By symmetry) Ans.

945.

Locate the center of gravity zc of the

frustum of the paraboloid.The material
is homogeneous.

Given:

a 1m

b 0.5 m

c 0.3 m

Solution
a

V

 
S b2  z b2  c2 dz

a
0

a
1
zc
V
 
zS b2  z b2  c2 dz
a
0

zc 0.422 m Ans.
946.

The hemisphere of radius r is made from a stack of very thin z

plates such that the density varies with height r = kz,
where k is a constant. Determine its mass and the distance
to the center of mass G.
G

_
r z
SOLUTION y
x
Mass and Moment Arm: The density of the material is r = kz. The mass of the thin
disk differential element is dm = rdV = rpy2dz = kz3p(r2 - z2) dz4 and its
'
centroid z = z. Evaluating the integrals, we have

r
m = dm = kz3p(r2 - z2) dz4
Lm L0

- ` =
r2z2 z4 r pkr4
= pk Ans.
2 4 0 4

r
'
z dm = z5kz3p(r2 - z2) dz46
Lm L0

- ` =
r2z3 z5 r 2pkr5
= pk
3 5 0 15

Centroid: Applying Eq. 93, we have

'
2pkr5>15
z dm
Lm 8
z = = =
pkr4>4
r Ans.
15
dm
Lm
947.

Locate the centroid of the quarter-cone. z

SOLUTION
a
'
z = z y

a x
r = (h - z)
h

p 2 p a2
dV = r dz = (h - z)2 dz
4 4 h2
h
p a2 p a2 2 z3 h
dV = 2
(h2 - 2hz + z2) dz = 2
c h z - hz2 + d
L 4 h L0 4h 3 0

p a2 h3 pa2 h
= 2
a b =
4h 3 12
2 h
pa p a 2 2 z2 z3 z4 h
ch d
'
z dV = 2
(h2 - 2hz + z2) z dz = 2
- 2h +
L 4 h L0 4h 2 3 4 0

p a2 h4 pa2h2
= a b =
2 12
4h 48

' p a2 h2
z dV
L 48 h
z = = = Ans.
pa h2 4
dV
L 12
h h
' pa 2 4r pa2 4a
xdV = (h - z)2 dz = (h3 - 3h2 z + 3hz2 - z3) dz
L
2
4 h L0 3p 4 h2 L0 3 p h

p a 2 4a 3h4 h4
= 2
a h4 - + h4 - b
4 h 3ph 2 4

p a2 a h3 a3 h
= 2
a b =
4h 3p 12

'a3 h
xdV
L 12 a
x = y = = = Ans.
p a2h p
dV
L 12
948.

Locate the centroid z of the frustum of the right-circular z

cone.
r

h
R
SOLUTION
y - r h - z x y
Volume and Moment Arm: From the geometry, = ,
R - r h
1r - R2z + Rh
y = . The volume of the thin disk differential element is
h

1r - R2z + Rh 2
dV = py2dz = pc a b d dz
h

p
= c1r - R22z2 + 2Rh1r - R2z + R2h2 ddz
h2

and its centroid z = z.

Centroid: Applying Eq. 93 and performing the integration, we have

h
p
'
z dV zb 31r - R22z2 + 2Rh1r - R2z + R2h24dz r
' LV L0 h2
z = = h
p
dV 31r - R22z2 + 2Rh1r - R2z + R2h24dz
LV L0 h2

1r - R22 + 2Rh1r - R2 + R2h2 R `

p z4 z3 z2 h

2B 4 3 2
h 0
=
+ R2h21z2 `
p z3 z2 h

2
1r - R22 + 2Rh1r - R2
h 3 2 0

R2 + 3r2 + 2rR
= h Ans.
4 R2 + r2 + rR
949.

The kings chamber of the Great Pyramid of Giza is located z

at its centroid. Assuming the pyramid to be a solid, prove
that this point is at z = 14 h, Suggestion: Use a rectangular
differential plate element having a thickness dz and area
(2x)(2y).

a a
SOLUTION
a a y
dV = 12x212y2 dz = 4xy dz x

a
x = y = 1h - z2
h
h
4 a2 4 a2 2 z3 h 4 a2 h
dV = 2
1h - z22
dz = B h z - hz 2
+ R =
L L0 h h2 3 0 3
h
' 4 a2 4 a2 z2 z3 z4 h a2 h2
z dV = 2
1h - z22z dz = 2 B h2 - 2h + R =
L L0 h h 2 3 4 0 3

'
z dV a 2 h2
' L 3 h
z = = = (QED)
4 a2 h 4
dV 3
L
950.

Determine the location z of the centroid for the z

tetrahedron. Hint: Use a triangular plate element parallel
to the xy plane and of thickness dz.

b
a

SOLUTION c

1 1 y
z = ca1 - yb = ca1 - xb
b a
c c
1 1 z z abc x
dV = (x)(y)dz = a a1 - b ba 1 - b dz =
L L0 2 2 L0 c c 6
c
' 1 z z a b c2
z dV = z a a 1 - b ba 1 - b dz =
L 2 L0 c c 24

' a b c2
z dV
L 24 c
z = = = Ans.
abc 4
dV
L 6
951.

The truss is made from five members, each having a length y

of 4 m and a mass of 7 kg>m. If the mass of the gusset plates
at the joints and the thickness of the members can be
neglected, determine the distance d to where the hoisting
cable must be attached, so that the truss does not tip d 4m C
B
(rotate) when it is lifted.

4m 4m
4m
SOLUTION
60
xM = 4(7)(1+ 4 + 2 + 3 + 5) = 420 kg # m
'
x
A 4m D
M = 4(7)(5) = 140 kg
'
xM 420
d = x = = = 3m Ans.
M 140
.

.
953.

Locate the centroid (x, y) of the cross section. All the y

dimensions are measured to the centerline thickness of each
thin segment.

SOLUTION
Centroid: The centroid of each composite segment is shown in Fig. a. 300 mm

' 100(200) + 200(100) + 100 a 22002 + 2002 b + 0(300)

x L 100 mm
x = = x
L 200 + 100 + 22002 + 2002 + 300 200 mm

68.28(103)
= = 77.3 mm Ans.
882.84

' 0(200) + 50(100) + 200 a 22002 + 2002 b + 150(300)

y L
y = =
L 200 + 100 + 22002 + 2002 + 300

106.57(103)
= = 121 mm Ans.
882.84
954.

Locate the centroid (x, y) of the metal cross section. Neglect y

the thickness of the material and slight bends at the corners.

50 mm

150 mm
SOLUTION
Centroid: The length of each segment and its respective centroid are tabulated below. x

' '
Segment L (mm) y (mm) y L (mm2) 50 mm 100 mm 100 mm 50 mm
1 50p 168.17 26415.93
2 180.28 75 13520.82
3 400 0 0
4 180.28 75 13520.82

917.63 53457.56

- = 0
Due to symmetry about y axis, x Ans.
'
yL 53457.56
y = = = 58.26 mm = 58.3 mm Ans.
L 917.63
.

.
956.

The steel and aluminum plate assembly is bolted together y

and fastened to the wall. Each plate has a constant width in
the z direction of 200 mm and thickness of 20 mm. If the
density of A and B is rs = 7.85 Mg>m3, and for C,
ral = 2.71 Mg>m3, determine the location x of the center of 100 mm
mass. Neglect the size of the bolts. 200 mm
A
x
C
SOLUTION B
300 mm
m = 2 C 7.85(10)3(0.3)(0.2)(0.02) D + 2.71(10)3(0.3)(0.2)(0.02) = 22.092 kg
'
xm = 150{2 C 7.85(10)3(0.3)(0.2)(0.02) D }+350 C 2.71(10)3(0.3)(0.2)(0.02) D

= 3964.2 kg.mm
'
xm 3964.2
x = = = 179 mm Ans.
m 22.092
957.

To determine the location of the center of gravity of the

automobile it is first placed in a level position, with the two
wheels on one side resting on the scale platform P. In this
position the scale records a reading of W1. Then, one side is G
y
elevated to a convenient height c as shown. The new
reading on the scale is W2. If the automobile has a total
weight of W, determine the location of its center of gravity c P
G(x, y). x

SOLUTION b W2

Equation of Equilibrium: First,we will consider the case in which the automobile is
in a level position. Referring to the free-body diagram in Fig. a and writing the
moment equation of equilibrium about point A,

W1
a + MA = 0; W1(b) - W(x) = 0 x = b Ans.
W

c 2b2 - c2
From the geometry in Fig. c, sin u = and cos u = . Using the result of x
b b
and referring to the free-body diagram in Fig. b, we can write the moment equation
of equilibrium about point A .

2b2 - c2 2b2 - c2 W1
a b b - Wa by = 0
c
a + MA = 0; W2 B b R - W
b b W b

b(W2 - W1) 2b2 - c2

y = Ans.
cW
958.

Determine the location y of the centroidal axis x - x of the 150 mm

beams cross-sectional area. Neglect the size of the corner 15 mm
welds at A and B for the calculation. B

y
150 mm 15 mm

C
x x
SOLUTION
A
'
yA = 7.5(15) (150) + 90(150) (15) + 215(p) (50)2

= 1 907 981.05 mm2 50 mm

A = 15(150) + 150(15) + p(50)2

= 12 353.98 mm2
'
yA 1 907 981.05
y = = = 154 mm Ans.
A 12 353.98
959. Locate the centroid y of the cross-sectional area of y
the built-up beam.

150 mm 150 mm

20 mm

200 mm

450 mm

20 mm
960. Locate the centroid y of the cross-sectional area of y
the built-up beam.

200 mm
200 mm

20 mm
50 mm

150 mm

10 mm 10 mm
300 mm 20 mm 20 mm

x
961.

Locate the centroid (x, y) of the members cross-sectional y

area.
30 mm

40 mm

SOLUTION
50 mm
Centroid: The area of each segment and its respective centroid are tabulated below. x

' ' ' ' 60 mm 100 mm

Segment A (mm2) x (mm) y (mm) x A (mm3) y A (mm3)

13021902
1
1 20 30 27 000 40 500
2
2 30(90) 45 45 121 500 121 500

3 100(50) 110 25 550 000 125 000

9 050 698 500 287 000

Thus,
'
xA 698 500
x = = = 77.18 mm = 77.2 mm Ans.
A 9 050
'
yA 287 000
y = = = 31.71 mm = 31.7 mm Ans.
A 9 050
962.

Locate the centroid y of the bulb-tee cross section.

225 mm 225 mm

50 mm

400 mm

SOLUTION 75 mm
C
Centroid: The area of each segment and its respective centroid are tabulated below.
_
y 75 mm
' '
Segment A 1mm22 y 1mm2 y A 1mm32
100 mm
1 450(50) 600 13 500 000 x
300 mm
2 475(75) 337.5 12 023 437.5

1
3 122521752 125 1 054 687.5
2
4 300(100) 50 1 500 000

96 562.5 28 078 125

Thus,
'
yA 28 078 125
y = = = 290.78 mm = 291 mm Ans.
A 96 562.5
 .

.
964.

Locate the centroid y of the concrete beam having the 300 mm

tapered cross section shown. 300 mm
300 mm

C 80 mm

x
SOLUTION 360 mm
100 mm
' 1
y A = 900(80) (40) + 100(360) (260) + 2 c (100) (360) (200) d = 19.44(106) mm3
2

1
A = 900(80) + 100(360) + 2 c (100) (360) d = 0.144(106) mm2
2
'
yA 19.44(106)
y = = = 135 mm Ans.
A 0.144(106)
9 65.

Locate the center of gravity G(xc, yc) of the streetlight.

Neglect the thickness of each segment. The mass per
unit length of each segment is given.

Given:

kg
a 1m U AB 12
m
kg
b 3m U BC 8
m
kg
c 4m U CD 5
m
kg
d 1m U DE 2
m

e 1m f 1.5 m

Solution:

U AB c  U BC b  U CD a  e 
Sd
M  U DE f
2

1 Sd 2d e f
xc U CD d   U CD ed   U DE fd  e 
M 2 S 2 2

1 Sd 2d
U CDa c  b  
a
yc cba  e( c  b  a  d) 

M 2 2 S
b
 U DE f( c  b  a  d)  U BC bc   U AB c
c

2 2

xc 0.200
m Ans.
yc 4.365
966.

Locate the centroid y of the cross-sectional area of the

beam constructed from a channel and a plate. Assume all
corners are square and neglect the size of the weld at A.
20 mm y
350 mm
C
10 mm
A

70 mm

SOLUTION 325 mm 325 mm

Centroid: The area of each segment and its respective centroid are tabulated below.

' '
Segment A (mm2) y (mm) y A (mm3)
1 350(20) 175 1 225 000
2 630(10) 355 2 236 500
3 70(20) 385 539 000

14 700 4 000 500

Thus,
'
' yA 4 000 500
y = = = 272.14 mm = 272 mm Ans.
A 14 700
967.

An aluminum strut has a cross section referred to as a deep

30 mm 30 mm
hat. Locate the centroid y of its area. Each segment has a
thickness of 10 mm.

x'
C 120 mm

SOLUTION
Centroid: The area of each segment and its respective centroid are tabulated below.

' 100 mm
'
Segment A (mm2) y (mm) y A (mm3)
1 40(10) 5 2000
10 mm 20 mm
2 120(20) 60 144 000
3 80(10) 115 92 000

60 mm
3600 238 000
110 mm
Thus, 110 mm
115 mm
'
yA 238 000
y = = = 66.1 mm Ans.
A 3600
80 mm
968.

Locate the centroid y of the beams cross-sectional area. y

50 mm 50 mm

10 mm
10 mm
10 mm 10 mm 75 mm
10 mm
x
SOLUTION 100 mm 100 mm
Centroid: The centroid of each composite segment is shown in Fig. a. We have
'
y A 5(180)(10) + 2[37.5(75)(10)] + 2[70(40)(10)]
y = = = 29.6 mm Ans.
A 180(10) + 2(75)(10) + 2(40)(10)
969.

Determine the location x of the centroid C of the shaded y

area which is part of a circle having a radius r.

a
SOLUTION C
x
a
Using symmetry, to simplify, consider just the top half:
x
sin a b - (r sin a) (r cos a) a r cos ab
' 1 2r 1 2
xA = r 2 aa
2 3a 2 3

r3 r3
= sin a - sin a cos2 a
3 3

r3 3
= sin a
3

1 2 1
A = r a - (r sin a) (r cos a)
2 2

r aa - b
1 2 sin2a
=
2 2
' r3
sin3 a 2
r sin3a
xA 3 3
x = = =
r2 A a - B
Ans.
A 1 sin 2 a
a - sin 2a
2 2 2
970.

Locate the centroid y for the cross-sectional area of the

angle.

y
a a

SOLUTION t t

Centroid : The area and the centroid for segments 1 and 2 are

A 1 = t1a - t2

' a - t t t 22
y1 = a + b cos 45 + = 1a + 2t2
2 2 2cos 45 4

A 2 = at

' a t t 22
y2 = a - b cos 45 + = 1a + t2
2 2 2cos 45 4

Listed in a tabular form, we have

' '
Segment A y yA

1 t1a - t2 22 22t 2
1a + 2t2 1a + at - 2t22
4 4

2 at 22 22t 2
1a + t2 1a + at2
4 4

t12a - t2 22t 2
1a + at - t22
2

Thus,

22t 2
' 1a + at - t22
yA 2
y = =
A t12a - t2
22 a2 + at - t2
= Ans.
2 2a - t
971.

Determine the location y of the centroid of the beams cross-

sectional area. Neglect the size of the corner welds at A and B
for the calculation.

35 mm

SOLUTION 110 mm
35 2
yA = p(25)2(25) + 15(110)(50 + 55) + pa b a50 + 110 + b = 393 112 mm3
' 35 C
2 2 15 mm
2
A = p(25)2 + 15(110) + p a b = 4575.6 mm2
35 B
y
2
50 mm
'
yA 393 112
y = = = 85.9 mm Ans.
A 4575.6
972. Uniform blocks having a length L and mass m are y
stacked one on top of the other, with each block overhanging
the other by a distance d, as shown. If the blocks are glued 2d
together, so that they will not topple over, determine the
location x of the center of mass of a pile of n blocks.
d

.
973. Uniform blocks having a length L and mass m are y
stacked one on top of the other, with each block
overhanging the other by a distance d, as shown. Show that 2d
the maximum number of blocks which can be stacked in
this manner is n 6 L>d.
d

.
974. The assembly is made from a steel hemisphere, z
rst = 7.80 Mg>m3, and an aluminum cylinder,
ral = 2.70 Mg>m3. Determine the mass center of the 80 mm
assembly if the height of the cylinder is h = 200 mm.

G h

_
z
160 mm
y

.
975. The assembly is made from a steel hemisphere, z
rst = 7.80 Mg>m3, and an aluminum cylinder,
ral = 2.70 Mg>m3. Determine the height h of the cylinder 80 mm
so that the mass center of the assembly is located at
z = 160 mm.
G h

_
z
160 mm

.
976.

Locate the centroid yc for the beams cross-sectional area.

Given:

a 120 mm

b 240 mm
c 120 mm

Solution:

A ( a  b)5c  3b c

1 ( a  b) b
2
yc b
5c  2b c  b c yc 229 mm Ans.
A 2 2 3
977.

Locate the centroid yc for the struts

cross-sectional area.
Given:

a 40 mm

b 120 mm

c 60 mm

Solution:
2
Sb
A  2a c
2

1 S b 4b  2a c c
2
yc yc 56.6 mm Ans.
A 2 3S 2
.
979.

Locate the center of mass of the block. Materials 1, 2, and 3 z

have densities of 2.70 Mg> m3, 5.70 Mg> m3, and 7.80 Mg> m3,
respectively.
20 mm
30 mm
1

40 mm 2

3 y
SOLUTION 60 mm
20 mm
Centroid: We have 60 mm
x

0.01 c 2700 a (0.03)(0.06)(0.02)b d + 0.01 C 5700 A 0.04(0.06)(0.02) B D + 0.03 C 7800 A 0.06(0.06)(0.02) B D

1
'
gxm 2
x = =
2700 a (0.03)(0.06)(0.02)b + 5700 A 0.04(0.06)(0.02) B + 7800 A 0.06(0.06)(0.02) B
gm 1
2
20.07(10 - 3)
= = 0.02271 m = 22.7 mm Ans.
0.8838

0.02 c 2700 a (0.03)(0.06)(0.02)b d + 0.03 C 5700 A 0.04(0.06)(0.02) B D + 0.03 C 7800 A 0.06(0.06)(0.02) B D

1
'
gy m 2
y = =
2700 a (0.03)(0.06)(0.02)b + 5700 A 0.04(0.06)(0.02) B + 7800 A 0.06(0.06)(0.02) B
gm 1
2
26.028(10 - 3)
= = 0.02945 m = 29.5 mm Ans.
0.8838

0.07 c 2700 a (0.03)(0.06)(0.02)b d + 0.04 C 5700 A 0.04(0.06)(0.02) B D + 0.01 C 7800 A 0.06(0.06)(0.02) B D

1
'
gz m 2
z = =
2700 a (0.03)(0.06)(0.02)b + 5700 A 0.04(0.06)(0.02) B + 7800 A 0.06(0.06)(0.02) B
gm 1
2
19.962(10 - 3)
= = 0.02259 m = 22.6 mm Ans.
0.8838
980.

Locate the centroid z of the homogenous solid formed by z

boring a hemispherical hole into the cylinder that is capped
with a cone.

300 mm

SOLUTION
150 mm 400 mm
Centroid: Since the solid is made of a homogeneous material, its center of mass
coincides with the centroid of its volume. The centroid of each composite segment is
shown in Figs. a and b. Since segment (3) is a hole, its volume should be considered 150 mm
x
negative. We have y

p(0.2)(0.152)(0.4) + p(0.4 + 0.075)(0.152)(0.3) + a (0.15) b a - p(0.153) b

1 3 2
'
z V 3 8 3
z = =
V
p(0.152)(0.4) + p(0.152)(0.3) + a - p(0.153) b
1 2
3 3

2.7422(10 - 3)p
= = 0.3047 m = 305 mm Ans.
9(10 - 3)p
981.

Locate the center of mass z of the solid formed by boring a z

hemispherical hole into a cylinder that is capped with a cone.
The cone and cylinder are made of materials having densities
of 7.80 Mg>m3 and 2.70 Mg>m3, respectively.

300 mm

SOLUTION 150 mm 400 mm

Centroid: The center of mass of each composite segment is shown in Figs. a and b. 150 mm
Since segment (3) is a hole, its mass should be considered negative. We have x
y

0.2 c 2700 c p(0.152)(0.4) d d + (0.4 + 0.075)7800 c p(0.152)(0.3) d + a (0.15) b c - 2700 a p(0.153) b d

1 3 2
'
z m a 3 8 3
z = =
m
2700 c p(0.152)(0.4) d + 7800c p(0.152)(0.3) d + c - 2700a p(0.153) b d
1 2
3 3

12.8545p
= = 0.3593 m = 359 mm Ans.
35.775p
982.

Determine the distance h to which a 100-mm diameter hole z

must be bored into the base of the cone so that the center of
mass of the resulting shape is located at z = 115 mm. The
material has a density of 8 Mg>m3.

1 2
A B - p10.05221h2 A h2 B
3 p10.152 10.52 4
0.5

= 0.115
3 p10.152 10.52 - p10.05221h2
1 2 500 mm

0.4313 - 0.2875 h = 0.4688 - 1.25 h2

h C _
z
y
h2 - 0.230 h - 0.0300 = 0 50 mm
150 mm

Choosing the positive root,

x
h = 323 mm Ans.
983.

Determine the distance z to the centroid of the shape which z

consists of a cone with a hole of height h = 50 mm bored into
its base.

500 mm
SOLUTION
' 1 0.5 0.05
z V = p (0.15)2 A 0.5 B a b - p (0.05)2 (0.05) a b h C
z
3 4 2 y
50 mm
-3 150 mm
= 1.463(10 ) m 4

1
V = p (0.15)2 (0.5) - p (0.05)2 (0.05)
3
x
= 0.01139 m3
'
z V 1.463 (10 - 3)
z = = = 0.12845 m = 128 mm Ans.
V 0.01139
984. Determine the distance x to the centroid of the y
solid which consists of a cylinder with a hole of length
h = 50 mm bored into its base. 120 mm

40 mm

20 mm

.
985. Determine the distance h to which a hole must be y
bored into the cylinder so that the center of mass of the
120 mm
assembly is located at x = 64 mm. The material has a
density of 8 Mg>m3.
40 mm

x
20 mm

. .
986.

Locate the center of mass z of the assembly. The assembly z

consists of a cylindrical center core, A, having a density of
7.90 Mg/m3, and a cylindrical outer part, B, and a cone cap,
C, each having a density of 2.70 Mg> m3.

400 mm
C A
SOLUTION
Center of mass: The assembly is broken into four composite segments, as shown in 400 mm
Figs. a, b, and c. Since segment (3) is a hole to segments (1) and (2), its mass should
be considred negative. We have
100 mm
600 mm
B
x 300 mm
y

2700(0.3) c p(0.32)(0.6) d + 2700(0.6 + 0.2) c p(0.32)(0.8) d + (0.5) c - 2700cp(0.12)(1) d d + 7900(0.5) cp(0.12)(1) d

1
g zcm 3
z = =
gm
2700 c p(0.32)(0.6) d + 2700c p(0.32)(0.8) d + c - 2700cp(0.12)(1) d d + 7900cp(0.12)(1) d
1
3

121.58p
= = 0.4630 m = 463 mm Ans.
262.6p
.
988.

A hole having a radius r is to be drilled in the center of the a a

homogeneous block. Determine the depth h of the hole so 2 2 a
that the center of gravity G is as low as possible. a 2
2 r h

G a

SOLUTION
V = a3 - pr2h

zV = A a2 B a3 - A h2 B C pr2 h D = 12(a4 - pr2 h2)

1 4
zV 2 (a - pr2 h2) a4 - pr2h2
z = = =
V a - pr h
3 2
2(a3 - pr2h)

dz 1 (a3 - pr2h)( - 2pr2h) - (a4 - pr2h2)(- pr2)

= B R = 0
dh 2 (a3 - pr2h)2

pr2h2 - 2a3 h + a4 = 0

Solving for the smaller root,

2a3 - 2(2a3)2 - 4(pr2)a4

h =
2(pr2)

a3 - a2 2a2 - pr2
= Ans.
pr2
989.

Locate the center of mass z of the assembly. The cylinder z

and the cone are made from materials having densities of
5 Mg>m3 and 9 Mg>m3, respectively.

0.4 m 0.6 m
SOLUTION
Center of mass: The assembly is broken into two composite segments, as shown in
Figs. a and b.
0.2 m 0.8 m
5000(0.4) C p(0.2 )(0.8) D + 9000(0.8 + 0.15)c p(0.4 2)(0.6) d
2 1
'
zm 3
z = =
5000 C p(0.2 2)(0.8) D + 9000c p(0.4 2)(0.6) d
m 1 x y
3

1060.60
= = 0.754 m = 754 mm Ans.
1407.4
990. The water tank AB has a hemispherical top and is B
fabricated from thin steel plate. Determine the volume
within the tank. 1.6 m

1.5 m

1.6 m

A
0.2 m
991. The water tank AB has a hemispherical roof and is B
fabricated from thin steel plate. If a liter of paint can cover
3 m2 of the tanks surface, determine how many liters are 1.6 m
required to coat the surface of the tank from A to B.

1.5 m

1.6 m

A
0.2 m
992.

Determine the outside surface area of the hopper. z

1.5 m

SOLUTION
4m
Surface Area: Applying Theorem of Pappus and Guldinus, Eq. 99, with
u = 2p rad, L1 = 4m, L2 = 21.2 2 + 1.32 = 23.13 m, N1 = 1.5 m and
0.2 + 1.5
N2 = = 0.85 m as indicated in Fig. a, 1.2 m
2
0.2 m
A = uNL = 2p [1.5(4) + 0.85 23.13]

= 47.15 m2 = 47.1 m2 Ans.

993.

The hopper is filled to its top with coal. Determine the z

volume of coal if the voids (air space) are 30 percent of the
volume of the hopper.
1.5 m

4m

SOLUTION
r A = 2p [(0.75)(1.5)(4) + (0.1)(.2)(1.2) + (0.6333) a b (1.3)(1.2)](0.70)
1
V = u~ 1.2 m
2

V = 22.1 m3 Ans. 0.2 m

994.

The rim of a flywheel has the cross section AA shown. A

Determine the volume of material needed for its construction.
A

60 mm
300 mm
20 mm
40 mm
SOLUTION
' 20 mm
V = ur A = 2p(350)(60)(20) + 2p(320)(40)(20)
Section AA
V = 4.25(106) mm3 Ans.
995.

Determine the surface area of the tank, which consists of a cylinder and hemispherical cap.

Given:
a 4m

b 8m

Solution:

2S a b 
2a S a
A
S 2
2
A 302 m
996.

Determine the volume of the tank, which consists of a cylinder and hemispherical cap.

Given:

a 4m

b 8m

Solution:

4a S a2 a
V 2S  ( b a)
3S 4 2

3
V 536 m Ans.
997.

The process tank is used to store liquids during 3m 3m

manufacturing. Estimate the outside surface area of the
tank. The tank has a flat top and the plates from which the
tank is made have negligible thickness.
6m

SOLUTION
Surface Area: Applying Theorem of Pappus and Guldinus, Eq. 99 with u = 2p, 4m
L1 = 3 m, L2 = 6 m, L3 = 232 + 4 2 = 5 m, N1 = 1.5 m, N2 = 3 m and N3 = 1.5 m
as indicated in Fig. a,

A = uNL = 2p [1.5(3) + 3(6) + 1.5(5)]

= 188.49 m2 = 188 m2 Ans.

998.

The process tank is used to store liquids during 3m 3m

manufacturing. Estimate the volume of the tank. The tank
has a flat top and the plates from which the tank is made
have negligible thickness.
6m

SOLUTION
4m
~ = 2p B 1 a 1 b (3) (4) + 1.5(3)(6)R
V = urA
2

V = 207.3 m3 = 207 m3 Ans.

999. The hopper is filled to its top with coal. Estimate z
the volume of coal if the voids (air space) are 35 percent of
the volume of the hopper.
1.5 m

4m

1.2 m

0.2 m

.
.
9101.

Determine the surface area and the volume of the ring

b
formed by rotating the square about the vertical axis.

a
45

a
SOLUTION
~ = 2c 2p a b - a a
A = urL sin 45b (a) d + 2 c 2pa b + sin 45b(a) d
2 2

a2 a2
= 4p cba - sin 45 + ba + sin 45 d
2 2

= 8pba Ans.

Also
A = urL = 2p(b)(4a) = 8pba

~ = 2p(b)(a)2 = 2pba 2
V = urA Ans.
.

Determine the volume of material needed to make the casting.

*LYHQ

U  40 PP

U  60 PP

U  U  U

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S 2 4 U U 2 4 U
 2 U  2 U  2 U U 
S
9  2 S 2 U
4 3 S 2 2 3 S

3
9 1.403(106 ) PP
9103. Determine the surface area from A to B of the tank. z

B
3m

. 1.5 m

1m
9104. Determine the volume within the thin-walled tank z
from A to B.
B
3m

1.5 m

1m
.
9106.

Determine the volume of an ellipsoid formed by revolving y

the shaded area about the x axis using the second theorem
y2
x2 
of PappusGuldinus. The area and centroid y of the shaded 1
a2 b2
area should first be obtained by using integration.
b

SOLUTION x

Area and Centroid: The differential element parallel to the x axis is shown shaded
in Fig. a. The area of this element is given by
a
dA = xdy = 2b2 - y2 dy
b a
Integrating,
b
a pab
A = dA = 2b2 - y2 dy =
LA L0 b 4
'
The centroid y can be obtained by applying Eq. 94 with y = y.
b
y c 2b2 - y2 dy d
' a
ydA
LA L0 b 4b
y = = =
pab 3p
dA
LA 4

Volume: Applying the second theorem of PappusGuldinus and using the results
obtained above, we have

pab
V = 2pyA = 2p a ba b = pab2
4b 2
Ans.
3p 4 3
9107.

Using integration, determine both the area and the y

centroidal distance x of the shaded area. Then, using the
2m
second theorem of PappusGuldinus, determine the
volume of the solid generated by revolving the area about
the y axis.
C

2m
y2 = 2x

SOLUTION x
_
x
' x
x =
2
'
y = y

dA = x dy
2
y2 y3 2
A = dA = dy = c d = 1.333 = 1.33 m2 Ans.
L L0 2 6 0
2
y4 y5 2
dy = c d = 0.8 m3
'
xdA =
L L0 8 40 0

'
x dA
' L 0.8
x = = = 0.6 m Ans.
1.333
dA
L

Thus,
'
V = ur A = 2p 0.6 1.333 = 5.03 m3 Ans.
9108.

Determine the height h to which liquid should be poured 100 mm

into the conical paper cup so that it contacts half the surface
area on the inside of the cup.

150 mm
SOLUTION h
1
Surface Area: This problem requires that A = A 2. Applying the theorem of
2 1
Pappus and Guldinus, Eq. 97, with u = 2p, L1 = 2502 + 1502 = 158.11 mm,
h 2 210 h
L2 = h2 + a b = h, r1 = 25 mm and r2 = , we have
C 3 3 6

1
(ur1 L1) = ur2 L2
2

1 h 210
[2p(25)(158.11)] = 2p a b h
2 6 3

h = 106 mm Ans.
.
9110.

Determine the surface area and the volume of the conical solid.

Solution:

3 a
A 2a 2S
2 2

2
A 3 Sa Ans.

1 a 3 3
V 2 a a2S
2 2 2 6

S 3
V a Ans.
4
9111.

Determine the height h to which liquid should be poured into

the cup so that it contacts half the surface area on the inside
of the cup. Neglect the cups thickness for the calculation. 30 mm

50 mm

SOLUTION 10 mm
A = uz ~
rL = 2p{202(20)2 + (50)2 + 5(10)}

= 2p(1127.03) mm2

20h 2h
x = =
50 5

h 2h 2 1
2p b 5(10) + a 10 + b a b + h2 r = (2p)(1127.03)
5 B 5 2

10.77h + 0.2154h2 = 513.5

h = 29.9 mm Ans.
9112.

The water tank has a paraboloid-shaped roof. If one liter of y

paint can cover 3 m2 of the tank, determine the number of
liters required to coat the roof.
1 (144  x2)
y 
96

x
SOLUTION 2.5 m

Length and Centroid: The length of the differential element shown shaded in 12 m
Fig. a is

1 + a b dx
dy 2
dL = 2dx2 + dy2 =
A dx

dy 1
where = - x. Thus,
dx 48
2
x2
1 + a- x b dx =
1 1
dL = 1 + 2 dx = 2482 + x2 dx
B 48 B 48 48

Integrating,
12 m
1
L = dL = 2482 + x2 dx = 12.124 m
LL L0 48

The centroid x of the line can be obtained by applying Eq. 95 with xc = x.

12 m
xc 2482 + x2 dx d
1
x~ dL
LL L0 48 73.114
x = = = = 6.031 m
12.124 12.124
dL
LL
Surface Area: Applying the first theorem of Pappus and Guldinus and using the
results obtained above with r = x = 6.031 m, we have

A = 2prL = 2p(6.031)(12.124) = 459.39 m2

Thus, the amount of paint required is

459.39
# of liters = = 153 liters Ans.
3
9113.

A steel wheel has a diameter of 840 mm and a cross section 100 mm

as shown in the figure. Determine the total mass of the A 30 mm 60 mm
wheel if r = 5 Mg>m3.
420 mm
250 mm
30 mm

840 mm
80 mm

SOLUTION
Volume: Applying the theorem of Pappus and Guldinus, Eq. 912, with u = 2p, A Section AA
r1 = 0.095 m, r2 = 0.235 m, r3 = 0.39 m, A 1 = 0.110.032 = 0.003 m2,
A 2 = 0.2510.032 = 0.0075 m and A 3 = 10.1210.062 = 0.006 m2, we have
2

V = urA = 2p30.09510.0032 + 0.23510.00752 + 0.3910.00624

= 8.775p110-32m3

The mass of the wheel is

m = rV = 51103238.775110-32p4

= 138 kg Ans.
9114.

Determine the surface area of the roof of the structure if it y

is formed by rotating the parabola about the y axis.
y 16 (x2/16)

16 m

SOLUTION x

Centroid: The length of the differential element is dL = 2dx2 + dy 2 16 m

2
1 + a b dx and its centroid is x = x. Here,
dy dy x
= = - . Evaluating the
C dx dx 8
integrals, we nave

16 m
x2
L = dL = 1 + dx = 23.663 m
L L0 C 64
16 m
' ' x2
xdL = x 1 + dx = 217.181 m2
LL L0 C 64

Applying Eq. 95, we have

'
xdL
LL 217.181
x = = = 9.178 m
23.663
dL
LL

Surface Area: Applying the theorem of Pappus and Guldinus, Eq. 97, with u = 2p,
L = 23.663 m, r = x = 9.178, we have

A = urL = 2p(9.178) (23.663) = 1365 m2 Ans.

.
9116.

The loading acting on a square plate is represented by a p

parabolic pressure distribution. Determine the magnitude 4 kPa
of the resultant force and the coordinates 1x, y2 of the point
where the line of action of the force intersects the plate. p 2y1/2 y
Also, what are the reactions at the rollers B and C and the
ball-and-socket joint A? Neglect the weight of the plate.
C
B
A
SOLUTION 2m
4m
4m
y = y
x
dA = p dy

x = 0 (Due to symmetry) Ans.

4 4
4
dA = 2y1/2 dy = B y 3/2 R = 10.67 kN/m
L L0 3 0

4
' 3/2 4 5/2 4
ydA = 2y dy = B y R = 25.6 kN
L L0 5 0

'
y dA
L 25.6
y = = = 2.40 m Ans.
10.67
dA
L

FR = 10.67(4) = 42.7 kN Ans.

My = 0; By = Cy

Mx = 0; 42.67(2.40) - 2By (4) = 0

By = Cy = 12.8 kN Ans.

+ c F = 0; A y - 42.67 + 12.8 + 12.8 = 0

A y = 17.1 kN Ans.
9117.

The load over the plate varies linearly along the sides of the p
plate such that p = 23[x14 - y2] kPa. Determine the resultant
force and its position 1x, y2 on the plate. 8 kPa y

3m

4m
x

SOLUTION
Resultant Force and its Location: The volume of the differential element is
2 ' '
dV = d FR = pdxdy = (xdx)[(4 - y)dy] and its centroid is at x = x and y = y.
3
3m 4m
2
FR = dFR = (xdx) (4 - y)dy
LFk L0 3 L0

x2 3 m y2 4 m
Ba b 2 a 4y - b 2 R = 24.0 kN
2
= Ans.
3 2 0 2 0
3m 4m
2 2
xdFR = (x dx) (4 - y)dy
LFR L0 3 L0
y2 4 m
b 2 R = 48.0 kN # m
x3 3 m
Ba b 2 a 4y -
2
=
3 3 0 2 0
3m 4m
' 2
ydFR = (xdx) y(4 - y)dy
LFR L0 3 L0
y3 4 m
B a b 2 a 2y2 - b 2 R = 32.0 kN # m
2 x2 3 m
=
3 2 0 3 0

'
xdFR
LFR 48.0
x = = = 2.00 m Ans.
24.0
dFR
LFR

'
ydFR
LFR 32.0
y = = = 1.33 m Ans.
24.0
dFR
LFR
9118.

The rectangular plate is subjected to a distributed load over p

its entire surface. The load is defined by the expression
p = p0 sin (px>a) sin (py>b), where p0 represents the
pressure acting at the center of the plate. Determine the
magnitude and location of the resultant force acting on
the plate. p0

a
x
SOLUTION b
Resultant Force and its Location: The volume of the differential element is
px py
dV = dFR = pdxdy = p0 a sin dx b a sin dy b .
a b
a b
px py
FR = dFR = p0 a sin dx b a sin dy b
LFR L0 a L0 b

px 2 a px 2 b
= p0 B a - b a - cos b R
a b
cos
p a 0 p b 0

4ab
= p0 Ans.
p2

Since the loading is symmetric, the location of the resultant force is at the center of
the plate. Hence,

a b
x = y = Ans.
2 2
MN .

MN .

.
9120.

The tank is filled with water to a depth of d = 4 m.

Determine the resultant force the water exerts on side A and 3m 2m
side B of the tank. If oil instead of water is placed in the tank,
to what depth d should it reach so that it creates the same
resultant forces? ro = 900 kg>m3 and rw = 1000 kg>m3.

A B
d
SOLUTION
For water

At side A:

wA = b rw g d

= 2(1000)(9.81) (4)

= 78 480 N/m

1
FRA = (78 480)(4) = 156 960 N = 157 kN Ans.
2

At side B:

wB = b rw g d

= 3(1000)(9.81)(4)

= 117 720 N>m

1
FRB = (117 720)(4) = 235 440 N = 235 kN Ans.
2

For oil

At side A:

wA = b ro g d

= 2(900)(9.81)d

= 17 658 d

1
FRA = (17 658 d)(d) = 156 960 N
2

d = 4.22 m Ans.
9121.

When the tide water A subsides, the tide gate automatically

swings open to drain the marsh B. For the condition of high
tide shown, determine the horizontal reactions developed C
at the hinge C and stop block D. The length of the gate is
6 m and its height is 4 m. rw = 1.0 Mg/m3. 4m
A 3m
B
2m
D
SOLUTION
Fluid Pressure: The fluid pressure at points D and E can be determined using
Eq. 913, p = rgz.

pD = 1.01103219.812122 = 19 620 N>m2 = 19.62 kN>m2

pE = 1.01103219.812132 = 29 430 N>m2 = 29.43 kN>m2

Thus,

wD = 19.62162 = 117.72 kN>m

wE = 29.43162 = 176.58 kN>m

Resultant Forces:

1
FR1 = 1176.582132 = 264.87 kN
2

1
FR2 = 1117.722122 = 117.72 kN
2

Equations of Equilibrium:

a + MC = 0; 264.87132 - 117.7213.3332 - Dx 142 = 0

Dx = 100.55 kN = 101 kN Ans.

+ F = 0;
: 264.87 - 117.72 - 100.55 - Cx = 0
x

Cx = 46.6 kN Ans.
9122.

The symmetric concrete gravity dam is held in place by its own weight. If the density of concrete is
Uc and water has a density Uw, determine the smallest distance d at its base that will prevent the dam
from overturning about its end A.The dam has a width w.

Units Used:
3 6
Mg 10 kg MN 10 N

Given:
Mg
a 1.5 m Uc 2.5
3
m
b 9m
Mg
Uw 1.0
w 8m 3
m

Solution:

Guesses

d 3m Fh 1 MN

Fv 1 MN W 1 MN

Given

da
Fv b wU w g
4
1
Fh Uw g b wb
2
d  a
W U c g wa b  b
2
d d  a  F b
 F v d 
W h 0
2 6 3

Fv
Fv 0.379
Fh 3.178 MN
Find  F v  Fh  W  d Fh d 3.65 m Ans.
W
W 4.545

d
9123.

Determine the magnitude of the resultant hydrostatic

force acting on the dam and its location, measured from
the top surface of the water. The width of the dam is 8 m;
rw = 1.0 Mg>m3.

6m

SOLUTION
p = 6(1)(103)(9.81) = 58 860 N/m2

1
F = (6)(8)(58 860) = 1.41(106) N = 1.41 MN Ans.
2

2
h = (6) = 4 m Ans.
3
9124.

The concrete dam in the shape of a quarter circle.

Determine the magnitude of the resultant hydrostatic force
that acts on the dam per meter of length. The density of
water is rw = 1 Mg>m3.
3m

SOLUTION
Loading: The hydrostatic force acting on the circular surface of the dam consists of
the vertical component Fv and the horizontal component Fh as shown in Fig. a.

Resultant Force Component: The vertical component Fv consists of the weight

of water contained in the shaded area shown in Fig. a. For a 1-m length of dam,
we have

p 2
Fv = rgAABCb = (1000)(9.81) B (3)(3) - (3 ) R (1) = 18947.20 N = 18.95 kN
4

The horizontal component Fh consists of the horizontal hydrostatic pressure.

Since the width of the dam is constant (1 m), this loading can be represented
by a triangular distributed loading with an intensity of wC = rghCb =
1000(9.81)(3)(1) = 29.43 kN>m at point C, Fig. a.

1
Fh = (29.43)(3) = 44.145 kN
2
Thus, the magnitude of the resultant hydrostatic force acting on the dam is

FR = 3F h 2 + F v 2 = 344.1452 + 18.952 = 48.0 kN Ans.

.

The storage tank contains oil having a specific weight J. If the tank has width w, calculate the
resultant force acting on the inclined side BC of the tank, caused by the oil, and specify its
location along BC, measured from B. Also compute the total resultant force acting on the bottom
of the tank.
8QLWV8VHG
3
01  10 N1

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N1
J 9
3 F  8P
P

Z  6P G  4P

D  10P H  3P

E  2P I  4P

6ROXWLRQ
P OE N1
Z%  Z J E Z% 72573 Z&  Z J ( E  F) Z& 540
 IW P
V
1 1
)K  Z% F )K 
2

Z&  Z% F )Y  J Z E H )Y 
2
J ZF H

The resultant force

2 2
)5[  )K  )K )5\  )Y  )Y )5  )5[  )5\ )5 2.77 01 Ans.

The location h measured from point B *XHVV K  1IW *LYHQ

H 2 H F 2 F F K H K
)Y  )Y  )K  )K = )5[  )5\
2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2
F H F H

K  )LQG ( K) K 5.22 P Ans.

On the bottom of the tank

)ERW  J Z I ( E  F  G) )ERW 3.02 01 Ans.

9126.

The tank is filled to the top 1y = 0.5 m2 with water having

a density of rw = 1.0 Mg/m3. Determine the resultant force
of the water pressure acting on the flat end plate C of the y
tank, and its location, measured from the top of the tank.
x2 + y2 = (0.5)2
x

SOLUTION 0.5 m

dF = p dA = 11219.81210.5 - y2 2x dy
0.5
F = 219.812 10.5 - y21210.522 - y2 dy
L-0.5
0.5
c y 210.522 - y2 + 0.52 sin-1 a bd
9.81 y
=
2 0.5 -0.5

C 2510.522 - y263 D 0.5

219.812
+ -0.5
3

F = 3.85 kN Ans.
0.5 0.5
10.5y - y221210.522 - y2dy = 19.62 b c - 2510.522 - y263 d
0.5
y dF = 219.812 +
LA L-0.5 3 -0.5

10.522
C 2510.522 - y263 D 0.5
y 0.5
c y 210.522 - y2 + 10.522 sin-1 d
y
-0.5 - r
4 8 0.5 -0.5

= - 0.481 kN m

F1- d2 = y dF
L

- 0.481
d = = - 0.125 m
3.85

Hence, measured from the top of the tank,

d = 0.5 + 0.125 = 0.625 m Ans.

9127.

The tank is filled with a liquid which has a density of y

900 kg>m3. Determine the resultant force that it exerts on
the elliptical end plate, and the location of the center of 1m 1m
pressure, measured from the x axis.
4 y2 x2 1

0.5 m
x
0.5 m

SOLUTION
Fluid Pressure: The fluid pressure at an arbitrary point along y axis can be
determined using Eq. 913, p = g(0.5 - y) = 900(9.81)(0.5 - y) = 8829(0.5 - y).

Resultant Force and its Location: Here, x = 21 - 4y2. The volume of the
differential element is dV = dFR = p(2xdy) = 8829(0.5 - y)[221 - 4y 2] dy. the
Evaluating integrals using Simpsons rule, we have
0.5 m
FR = d FR = 17658 (0.5 - y)( 21 - 4y2)dy
LFR L-0.5 m

= 6934.2 N = 6.93 kN Ans.

0.5 m
yd FR = 17658 y(0.5 - y)(21 - 4y2)dy
LFR L-0.5 m

= - 866.7 N # m

'
ydFR
LFR -866.7
y = = = - 0.125 m Ans.
6934.2
dFR
LFR
9128. The underwater tunnel in the aquatic center is y
fabricated from a transparent polycarbonate material
formed in the shape of a parabola. Determine the magnitude
of the hydrostatic force that acts per meter length along the
surface AB of the tunnel. The density of the water is 2m
rw = 1000 kg/m3. y 4 x2 A

4m

x
B
2m 2m
9129.

The semicircular tunnel passes under a river which is 9 m deep.

Determine the vertical resultant hydrostatic force acting per
meter of length along the length of the tunnel. The tunnel is 6
m wide; rw = 1.0 Mg/m3.

9m
6m

SOLUTION
p
F = 9.81112162162 + 211219.812 c 3132 - 1322 d
4

F = 391 kN>m Ans.

9130.

The arched surface AB is shaped in the form of a quarter

circle. If it is 8 m long, determine the horizontal and vertical
components of the resultant force caused by the water
acting on the surface. rw = 1.0 Mg>m3.
3m

A
SOLUTION
F3 = 1000(9.81)(3)(2)(8) = 470.88 kN 2m
B
F2 = 1000(9.81)(3)(2)(8) = 470.88 kN

F1 = 1000(9.81)(2)a b (2)(8) = 156.96 kN

1
2

w = c (2)2 - p(2)2 d (8)(1000)(9.81) = 67.37 kN

1
4

Fx = 156.96 + 470.88 = 628 kN Ans.

Fy = 470.88 + 67.37 = 538 kN Ans.

9131.

A circular V-belt has an inner radius of 600 mm and a cross-

sectional area as shown. Determine the volume of material
required to make the belt.
75 mm

50 mm
25 mm 25 mm
SOLUTION 600 mm
~
V = urA

1
= 2p C 0.65(2)a b (0.025)(0.075) + 0.6375(0.05)(0.075) D
2

= 22.7(10)-3 m3 Ans.
9132.

A circular V-belt has an inner radius of 600 mm and a

cross-sectional area as shown. Determine the surface area
of the belt.
75 mm

50 mm
25 mm 25 mm
SOLUTION 600 mm
~
A = urL

= 2 p[0.6(0.05) + 2(0.6375)(2(0.025)2 + (0.075)2) + 0.675(0.1)]

= 1.25 m2 Ans.
9133.

Locate the centroid y of the beams cross-sectional area. y

50 mm 50 mm
75 mm 75 mm

25 mm

C
100 mm
y
SOLUTION x
Centroid: The area of each segment and its respective centroid are tabulated below. 25 mm 25 mm
' '
Segment A (mm 2) y (mm) y A (mm3)
1 300(25) 112.5 843 750
2 100(50) 50 250 000
12 500 1 093 750

Thus,
'
yA 1 093 750
y = = = 87.5 mm Ans.
A 12 500
9134.

Locate the centroid of the solid. z

z
y2 a (a )
2

SOLUTION a
x
Volume and Moment Arm: The volume of the thin disk differential element is y
z z '
dV = py2 dz = xc a aa - b d dz = paa a - b dz and its centroid is at z = z.
2 2

Centroid: Due to symmetry about the z axis

' '
x = y = 0 Ans.

Applying Eq. 95 and performing the integration, we have

2a
' z
z dV z c paa a - b dz d
' LV L0 2
z = = 2a
z
dV paa a - b dz
LV L0 2
az2 z3 2a
pa a - b`
2 6 0 2
= = a Ans.
z 2 2a 3
paa az - b `
4 0
9135.

Locate the centroid xc of the

triangular area.

Solution:

bh
A
2

a b
2 x h x dx 

x h ( b  x) dx ab
xc xc Ans.
b h

a

ba 3
0 a
.
9137.

Determine the location (xc, yc) of the center of mass of the turbine and compressor assembly. The
mass and the center of mass of each of the various components are indicated below.
Given:
a 0.75 m M1 25 kg

b 1.25 m M2 80 kg

c 0.5 m M3 30 kg

d 0.75 m M4 105 kg

e 0.85 m

f 1.30 m

g 0.95 m

Solution:

M M1  M2  M3  M4

1
xc
M
M2 a  M3 ( a  b)  M4( a  b  c) xc 1.594 m Ans.

1
yc
M
 M 1 d  M 2 e  M 3 f  M 4 g yc 0.940 m Ans.
9138.

Each of the three homogeneous plates welded to the rod has a density U and a thickness a. Determine
the length l of plate C and the angle of placement, T, so that the center of mass of the assembly lies on
the y axis. Plates A and B lie in the xy and zy planes, respectively.

Units Used:
Mg 1000 kg

Given:
a 10 mm f 100 mm

b 200 mm g 150 mm

c 250 mm e 150 mm

Mg
U 6
3
m

Solution: The thickness and density are uniform

Guesses T 10 deg l 10 mm

Given

b f
f  g l g cos  T  e  g l g sin  T 
0 c e 0
2 2 2 2

l
Find  l  T  l 265 mm T 70.4 deg Ans.
T
9139.

The gate AB is 5 m wide. Determine the horizontal and

vertical components of force acting on the pin at B and the
vertical reaction at the smooth support A. rw = 1.0 Mg>m3.

6m

B
SOLUTION
Fluid Pressure: The fluid pressure at points A and B can be determined using 4m
Eq. 915, p = rgz.
A
PA = 1.0(103)(9.81)(10) = 98 100 N/m2 = 98.10 kN/m2

PB = 1.0(103)(9.81)(6) = 58 860 N/m2 = 58.86 kN/m2 3m

Thus,

wA = 98.1(5) = 490.5 kN/m WB = 294.3 kN/m

wB = 58.86(5) = 294.3 kN/m

1471.5 kN
Resultant Forces:
490.5 kN
FR1 = 294.3(5) = 1471.5 kN

1
FR2 = (490.5 - 294.3)(5) = 490.5 kN
2 490.5 kN/m

Equations of Equilibrium:

+ MB = 0; 1471.5(2.5) + 490.5(3.333) - Ay (3) = 0

A y = 1771.2 kN = 1.77 MN Ans.

490.5a b + 1471.5 a b - Bx = 0
+ F = 0; 4 4
: x
5 5

Bx = 1569.6 kN = 1.57 MN Ans.

1771.2 - 490.5 a b - 1471.5a b - By = 0

3 3
+ c Fy = 0;
5 5

By = 594 kN Ans.
9140.

The pressure loading on the plate is described by the function y

p = 5 - 240>1x + 12 + 3406 Pa. Determine the magnitude p 300 Pa
of the resultant force and coordinates of the point where the
line of action of the force intersects the plate.
100 Pa

6m
5m
SOLUTION
x

Resultant Force and its Location: The volume of the differential element is
240 '
dV = dFR = 6pdx = 6 a - + 340b dx and its centroid in x = x.
x+1
5m
240
FR = dFR = 6a - + 340b dx
LFR L0 x + 1

= 6[- 240 In(x + 1) + 340x2]|50 m

= 7619.87 N = 7.62 kN Ans.

5m
240
xd FR = 6x a - + 340 b
LFR L0 x + 1

= [ -1440[x - In(x + 1)] + 1020x2]|50 m

= 20880.13 N # m

'
xdFR
LFR 20 880.13
x = = = 2.74 m Ans.
7619.87
dFR
LFR

Due to symmetry,

y = 3.00 m Ans.