TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL PAGE ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1

Objectives of the Study 3

Null Hypothesis 4

Significance of the Study 4

Scope and Limitation of the Study 5

Conceptual Framework 6

Definition of Terms 9

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Conceptual Literature 12

Diesel Fuel 12

Types of Diesel 13

Petroleum Diesel 13
Synthetic Diesel 13

Biodiesel 14

Hydrogenated Oils and Fats 16

Dimethyl Ether (DME) 16

Properties of Diesel Fuel 16

Lubricant 17

Basic Types of Lubricant 18

Properties of Lubricants 19

Acid Number 22

Methods of Determining Acid Number 24

ASTM D664 - 11a 25

ASTM D974 - 14e2 27

Solubility 26

Titration 30

Steps of Manual Titration 33

Set-up of Manual Titration 34

Automated Titration 35

Titrator 36

DL35 Karl Fischer Titrator 39

Malvern Instruments MPT-2 Autotitrator 40

Factors Affecting Titration 41

Research Literature 43

Synthesis 55
 III DEVELOPMENT METHODS AND PROCEDURE

Research Design 56

Development Stages 56

Design Stage 56

Fabrication and Assembly Stage 57

Collection of Samples 57

Preparation of Titrant Solution 57

Preparation of Analyte Solution 57

Preliminary Testing 57

Methods of determining Stirring Speed 58

Methods of determining Dosing Rate 58

Procedure of Testing 58

Acid Number Determination 59

Final Testing 50

Statistical Treatment 60

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 LISTS OF TABLES

Table NO. Title Page

1 ASTM Requirements for Biodiesel (B100) 16

2 Analytical Limit Values For Used Diesel Engine Oils 19

3 Analytical Limit Value For Used Gas Engine Oils 20

4 Engine oil requirements for two-cycle engines of

Series 53/71/92 and 149 60

5 Analytical Limit Values For

Used Diesel Two-Cycle Engine Oils 22

6 MPT-2 Autotitrator Specifications 40

7 Burrette Size and Dosing Rate 42

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure NO. Title Page

1 Research Paradigmm of the Study 8

2 Solvent Miscibility Table 30

3 Manual Titration Set-up 35

4 Design of Titrator 37

5 Existing Titrator 38

6 DL35 Karl Fischer Titrator 39

7 Instruments MPT-2 Autotitrator 40