Modeling of an Association Inverter to Cells Nested with Asynchronous Machine

Mohammed KOUISSA1, Nabil LOURCI2, Nabil IKHLEF1

Email: kouissam@yahoo.fr
ikhlefnabil@yahoo.fr
nabillourci@gmail.com
1
Laboratoire d'lectrotechnique et lectronique industrielle (LEEI). Dpartement d'lectrotechnique, Facult des sciences et
techniques, Universit de Jijel, Algrie.
2
Laboratoire des Energies Renouvelable (LER). Dpartement d'lectrotechnique, Facult des sciences et techniques,
Universit de Jijel, Algrie.
Abstract
This work is interested by modeling and simulation of an association Inverter- asynchronous machine. the modeling of
the asynchronous machine made by a study, by using the simplifying assumptions. the order of the converter (inverter) is
based on the method - Pulse Width of Modulation (PWM)-. Which brought better a quality of control, dynamics and
precision.

Keywords: Converter, asynchronous machine, order, harmonic, simulation, magnetic torque, flux, speed.

1. Introduction 3. Model of the Asynchronous Machine

The technological advances made in recent years in
3.1 Transformation of Park
the field of components of the power electronics have
promoted a growth market for power converters. The The transformation of the three phase machine to a
power electronics is imposed as one of the essential machine equivalent biphase is to replace any three-phase
elements in the conversion of electrical energy. The winding, by two windings: the one on the direct axis (d)
development of the method known as Pulse Width and the other on the axis in quadrature (q) see figure (1).
Modulation (PWM) has provided greater flexibility in
the control of converters allowing a better dynamic, The transformation which translates this passage of the
greater precision in the regulation of machines [1]. three-phase system (a,b,c) to the biphase system (d,q) is
called "transformation of Park"[5].
From the point of view of energy user, a better i2 q
S2
quality of supplies is one of the parameters of the v2 iqs
development of the applications of electricity. By vqs Rs , Ls
contrast, the multiplication of converters is reflected in v1
ir1 R1
iqr M
an increase in the harmonic pollution of networks, and R2

i1
S1 vqr Rr , Lr
advantage of consumption of reactive power [2]. ir2 0 M
ir3 Rr , Lr Rs , Ls
v3 d
2. Governing Equations R3
3.
O
vdr
idr ids
vds
2.1 Electrical Equations: i3
With the assumptions quoted above, the equations of S3
the tensions of the stator and rotor phases which describe Figure 1. Representation of the synchronous machine in
the operation of the machine write as follows [3-4]: electric space And the reference mark of Park.

Vs R s I s dt s
d
after the transformation of the park, we obtained the
(01) simplified model of the asynchronous machine in matrix
V R I d
r r r
dt
r form

4. Setting in the Forms of Equation of State

2.2 Magnetic Equations:
One puts the system of equation (01) and (03) in the
The magnetic equations of the machine are
form of a system of equation of states [6]:
given by:
X AX BU
s Ls I s M sr I r (02)
Y CX DU (04)
r Lr I r M rs I s

2.3 Mecanic Equations : X : vecteur d ' tat
The electromagnetic couple is given by the
With: U : vecteur d ' entre
following general expression: Y : vecteur de sortie

Cem pI s t M sr I r
d (03)
d
We can choose vector X indifferently, we take
The mechanical equation of the machine is
d
written: J C em C r K f . X (ids , iqs , dr , qr ) t after the calculation, we obtained
dt
to the following system X AX BU .
1
 1 M2 1 M 1 M 5.1 Orders Complementary
RS Rr 2 0 To avoid the short-circuit of the sources of tensions
LS Lr LS Lr Tr LS Lr continuous and the opening of the power sources, the
1 M2 1 M 1 M following complementary order is adopted [4], [7]:
0 RS Rr 2
LS Lr LS Lr LS 1
A L r Tr .
Tr (05) B K5 BK 1
M 1
0 B K6 BK 2
Tr Tr (07)
B K7 BK 3
M 1
0 B BK 4
K8
Tr Tr
5.2 Fonctions de Connexion des Interrupteurs
1
L 0 1 FK 1
FK 5
S
B 0
1 , U v ds FK 6 1 FK 2
LS v (06) (08)
0 qs FK 7 1 FK 3
0

FK 8 1 FK 4
0 0
This complementary order, can provide the table of
With: excitation of the switches, which shows the five levels of
r= (s-): Pulsation of the rotor electric sizes. the inverter with overlapping cells (Tableau 1).

s: Pulsation of the stator electric sizes Electrics

Bk4 Bk3 Bk2 Bk1
M 2 Sizes
1 : scatter coefficient. 2Uc 1 1 1 1
L S Lr
Uc 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
5. Geometrical Model of the Inverter with Cells -Uc 1 0 0 0
Nested to five level -2Uc 0 0 0 0

Table. 1 the table of excitation of the switches of the

T14 D14 T24
D24 T34 D34 inverter on five levels with cells nested.
UC
6. Model of knowledge of the inverter with five
T13 D13 T23
D23 T33 D33 level with cells nested
6.1 Tension Equations
UC UC UC
Simple tensions on the outlet side of the inverter to
T12 T22 T32
D12 D22 D32 feed the asynchronous machine.
V A 2 1 1 F11 F12 F13 F14 2
UC
UC UC UC
T21 T31 1
VB 1 2 1 F11 F12 F13 F14 2U c
T11 D11 D21 D31
(09)
3
M
UC UC UC UC UC UC
VC 1 1 2 F11 F12 F13 F14 2
A B C
ia ib ic

T15 D15
T25
D25 T35 D35 6.2 Currents Equations
UC UC UC UC The currents of entries in this inverter can be
expressed by the following general relation for k=1-3
T16 T26 T36
D16 D26 D36 and k1= a, b and c
UC UC UC
UC UC UC
id k1 ( Fk1 Fk 2 )ik1
i
T17 D17 T27 T37 D37
D27
d k2 ( Fk 2 Fk 3 )ik1
UC (10)
id k 3 ( Fk 3 Fk 4 )ik1
T18 D18 T28
D28 T38 D38 id k 4 (3Fk1 Fk 2 Fk 3 Fk 4 Fk1 Fk 3 Fk 4 Fk1 Fk 2 Fk 4 Fk 2 Fk 3 Fk 4 Fk 4 )ik1
UC1 UC1 UC1

7. Strategy of ordering of the inverter

VA VB VC
fp
- Index of the modulation: m .
N f
Vm
Figure 2. Structure of the inverter with cells - Phase-control factor of tension: r
2U pm
nested on five levels.
2
 1 5

0.8 0

0.6 -5

0.4 -10
Vrefk & Upj (V)
0.2 -15

id14 (A)
0 -20

-0.2 -25

-30
-0.4
-35
-0.6
-40
-0.8
-45
-1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02 t (s)
t(s)

Figure 3. Strategy of triangular-sinusoidal order Figure 10. Currents of entries of the inverter for
PWM. switches N4.
8. Results and Discussions
8.1 performances of the control of the asynchronous
500
machine (m=6)
400
50
300

200
40
100
VAM (V)

0
30
-100

Cem (N.m)
-200 20
-300

-400 10

-500
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02
t (s) 0

Figure 4. simple tension which presents the five -10

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

500
level of tension. t (s)

400 Figure 11. electromagnetic torque generated by

300
the asynchronous machine.
200

100 1.4
VA (V)

0
1.2
-100

-200 1

-300
0.8
(Wb)
-400

-500 0.6
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02
t (s)
0.4

Figure 5. Simple tension VA with (m=6, r=0.8). 0.2

1 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t (s)

0.8
Figure 12. electromagnetic flux generated by the
0.6
asynchronous machine.
0.4
1500

0.2

1200
0
0 24 48 72 96
(trs/min)

900
Figure 6. Spectrum harmonic of VA with (m=6, r=0.8).
10 600

5
300
0

-5
0
id11 (A)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

-10 t (s)

-15

-20
Figure 13. Speed of the asynchronous machine.
-25

-30
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
t (s)
9. Results and Discussion
Figure 7. currents of entries of the inverter for
switches N1. - The voltage VAM present the five levels of voltage of
30
an arm of the inverter appears in figure (4, 5).
20
- By examining figures (6), we notice that the harmonics
10
are important and are grouped in families centered
id12 (A)

0
around the frequencies (4mf), also some is 'm' even or
-10
odd, the tension VA presents only odd harmonics.
-20
- The figures (7), (8), (8) and (9) presents the different
-30
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
t (s)
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 input currents of the inverter (id11, id12, id13, id14) for
m=6, these currents have a frequency three times that of
Figure 8. currents of entries of the inverter for
the output voltage of the inverter, the currents id11 and
switches N2.
30 id13 have the same pace, but is reversed one compared to
25
the other.
20

15
- The current id12 has a practically null median value to
ensure the balance of the point M (figure 2).
id13 (A)

10

5
For the performances of the control of the
0
asynchronous machine we were obtaining the same
-5

-10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
results as previously::
t (s)

Figure 9. currents of entries of the inverter for

switches N3.
3
 The electromagnetic torque present of the [3] Lourci N " Contribution ltude et la commande
oscillations in established mode which are generated dun onduleur cinq niveaux diodes flottantes.
by the harmonics of the output voltage of the inverter it Application la conduite dune machine
has a frequency three times that of the output voltage asynchrone triphase". Thse de magister, Ecole
of the inverter. Nationale Polytechnique (ENP), Alger, Anne
The electromagnetic torque obtained with this 2000.
strategy has a frequency six times that of the output
voltage figure (11).
Current spikes are important in the transitional [4] Benbouza H " Modlisation et commande dun
regime and stay until the moment (0.2s), and then the onduleur cinq niveaux cellules imbriques
current will be almost sinusoidal and it takes its peak application la conduite dune MSAP". Mmoire
value is (3.6 A). de PFE, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique (ENP),
The speed and the flow stabilizes to its values Alger, Anne 1998.
respectively (1500 tr/min) and (1.18 Wb) figures(12,
13 ). [5] Schibli N, Nguyen T, Rufer A " Three phase
multi-level converter for high power induction
10. Conclusion motors" IEEE trans, Y 1998, Vol. 13, page: 978-
986. DOI: 10.1109/63.712325.
Within the framework of our work, we modeled an
association asynchronous machine three-phase-inverter [6] Oudjebour Z, Berkouk E.M, Mahmoudi M.O
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asynchronous machine becomes a stage really 10.1109/energycon.2010.5771734.
necessary that one cannot do some. Thanks to the
transformation of Park one could reduce the number of [7] Lourci N, Ameur R, Berkouk E.M, Manesse G.
the equations of six equations to four equations. The "Algebraic PWM strategies of a five-level NPC
strategy of order of these structures of three-phase voltage source inverter. Application to a great
inverter on five levels is selected in such a way that the power induction machine drive" Africon, IEEE,
output voltages of inverter give an increasingly close year: 1999, Page:697-703, Vol.2,
form to the sinusoidal reference voltage standard. The DOI: 10.1109/AFRCON.1999.821851.
increase in the index of modulation m makes it
possible to push the harmonics towards high
frequencies what facilitates their filtering. These
harmonics gather in families centred around the
multiple frequencies of four times that of the carrying
one. The stator current ia has important peaks in
transitory mode before taking its peak value in
permanent mode (3,6 A). The shape of this current is
not really sinusoidal because of the harmonics. The
electromagnetic torque present of the oscillations in
established mode which are generated by the
harmonics of the output voltage of the inverter. This
couple has a frequency six times that of the output
voltage. Speed and flow are stabilized respectively
with values (1500 trs/min, 1.8Wb).

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