Name: .. ( ) Class: 18S0.....

Raffles Institution
Year 5 H2 Chemistry 2017 2
Term 4 Chem Focus: Reaction Kinetics

1 The Boltzmann distribution for a gas at constant temperature is shown below.

If the temperature of the gas is reduced by 10 oC, the graph changes shape.
What happens to the values of n for the molecular energies X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A higher lower higher
B higher lower lower
C lower higher lower
D lower lower lower

2 Which curve is obtained if the rate of reaction is plotted against time for an autocatalytic reaction?

A B C D

1
3 The reaction pathway diagram below illustrates the energies of the reactants, the products and
the transition state of a reaction.

Which expression represents the activation energy of the forward reaction?

A E1 E 2 B E2 E 1 C E2 E 3 D E3 E 2

4 On being heated, hydrogen iodide decomposes more quickly than hydrogen chloride.
Which statements explain this faster rate?

1 The HI bond is weaker than the HCl bond.

2 The decomposition of HI has a smaller activation energy than that of HCl.
3 The decomposition of HI is more exothermic than that of HCl.

A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1 only

5 A reaction between P and Q produces a gas.

The reaction is first order with respect to P and second order with respect to Q. Two experiments
were carried out.
In the first experiment, at given concentrations of P and Q, 100 cm3 of gas were produced in the
first minute of the reaction.
In the second experiment, under the same external conditions, the initial concentration of P is
doubled and that of Q is halved.
What volume of gas will be produced in the second experiment, in the first minute of the reaction?

A 25 cm3 B 50 cm3 C 100 cm3 D 200 cm3

2
6 A catalytic converter is part of the exhaust system of modern cars.
Which reactions occur in a catalytic converter?

1 2CxHy + (4x + y)NO 2xCO2 + yH2O + (2x + y)N2

2 2CO + 2NO 2CO2 + N2
3 CO2 + NO CO + NO2

A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1 only

7 (a) The oxidation of nitrogen(II) oxide is shown in the equation.

2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
The initial rate of this reaction was measured, starting with different concentrations of the two
reactants. The following results were obtained.

[NO] [O2] initial rate

experiment
/ mol dm3 / mol dm3 / mol dm3 s1
1 0.032 0.012 4.08 x 103
2 0.032 0.024 8.15 x 103
3 0.064 0.024 3.28 x 102
4 0.096 0.036 y

(i) Use the data in the table to determine the order with respect to each reactant. Show
your reasoning.
(ii) Calculate the value of y in experiment 4. Give your answer to two significant figures.
(iii) Write the rate equation for this reaction.
(iv) Use the results of experiment 1 to calculate the rate constant, k, for this reaction. State
the units of k.
[6]

(b) The compound nitrosyl fluoride, NOF, can be formed by the following reaction.
2NO(g) + F2(g) 2NOF(g)
The reaction is first order with respect to NO and first order with respect to F2.
The reaction mechanism has two steps.
Suggest equations for the two steps of this mechanism, stating which step is
rate-determining. [2]

3
8 The major constituents of peppermint oil are menthol and menthone, together with a variety of
other carbonyl compounds and cycloalkenes. Menthol is the only constituent that is a hydroxy
compound.

Menthone can be reduced to menthol by hydrogen with a nickel catalyst. The enthalpy change for
the nickel-catalysed reaction, H
, is 80 kJ mol1, and the activation energy is 42 kJ mol1. The
reduction goes more quickly if the nickel catalyst is replaced by a platinum catalyst.

(i) Draw a fully labelled reaction pathway diagram for the nickel-catalysed reduction. [2]
(ii) On the same axes, draw the reaction pathway diagram for the platinum-catalysed
reduction. Label your line clearly. [1]
(iii) Outline the mode of action of the catalyst in this reduction reaction. [2]
(iv) Use your knowledge of the Periodic Table to suggest one other element that might be
suitable as a catalyst for this reduction reaction. Explain your answer. [1]

End of Worksheet