Summary of Notes in Comparative Police System

Kamille H. Nucup

Bilateral and International Cooperation

Bilateral Cooperation is the relationship of two countries helping each other in a common
field of interest or to achieve common goals (Orwell, 2005 as cited by Mariano, Unpublished).

The following are the examples of bilateral relations of the Philippines with other countries:

China;
USA; and
Venezuela.

International Cooperation is the connection or sharing of 3 or more countries through sharing

of resources, ideas and beliefs. The best example of this are the international organization
around the world such as:

United Nation (UN);

International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL);
Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) and ASEANOPOL (Asian Chiefs of Police);
and
International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP).

United Nation (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 and is currently

composed of 193 countries (as of summer 2015). It is an organization founded to settle disputes
and cooperate among countries which are members (Mariano, Unpublished).

The 6 Main Organs of the UN are:

1. General Assembly
2. comprised of all 193 Members of the United Nations, provides a unique forum for multilateral
discussion of the full spectrum of international issues covered by the Charter.Security Council -
this organ is in-charge in enforcing law in matters of international peace and order;
3. Economic and Social Council this organ is in-charge in implementing policies and
formulating recommendations when it comes on economic, social and environmental
issues;
4. Trusteeship Council this organ is in-charge with the supervision of Trust
Territories and prepare them for independence and self governance;
5. International Court of Justice this organ is serve as the court on UN to tri
international cases and settle disputes between countries; and
 6. UN Secretariat is in-charge for daily operations of the organization (Mariano,
Unpublished).

The following are the U.N. Programmes and Funds:

1. UNDP United Nations Development Programme;

2. UNICEF United Nations Childrens Fund;
3. UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes; and
4. UNESCO - United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Mariano,
Unpublished).

The Six (6) Official Languages of U.N. are:

1. French;
2. Russian;
3. English;
4. Arabic;
5. Chinese; and
6. Spanish (Mariano Unpublished).

International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)

INTERPOL is the worlds largest police organization composed of 190 countries, this
organization provides cooperation among all police forces around the globe. The official name
of INTERPOL is ICPO INTERPOL

Vision:
Connecting police for a safer world

Mission:
Preventing and fighting crimes through enhance cooperation and innovation on police
and security matters

The Structure and Governance of INTERPOL are:

Strategy:
a. General Assembly it is the highest governing body of INTERPOL, in-charge with
policy and decision making in relation to funds activities and programs; and
b. Executive Committee it is in-charge on supervision in the implementation of
policies, programs and decisions made in the General Assembly.
 Implementation:
a. General Secretariat it is the daily operation or work of INTERPOL and it is headed
by the secretary General. It is located in Lyon, France and there is seven (7) other
regional offices in the world along with the representative of UN and European
Nation(EU); and
b. National Central Bureaus (NCBs) it is considered as the core of INTERPOL,
composed of each representative of member countries of INTERPOL which is highly
trained law enforcement officers. the duty of NCB is to conduct arrest and
investigation for international crimes or by which the offender from a country have
been hiding somewhere on other countries.

Oversight:
a. Advisers are those experts people who gives advise, suggestions and
recommendations but never decide on matters tackled by the INTERPOL; and
b. Conclusion and Control of INTERPOLs Files (CCF) the CCF ensures the
confidentiality of personal data to protect the fundamental rights of an individual.

The Priorities of INTERPOL are:

Strategic priorities
1. Secure the confidentiality of global police information system;
2. 24 hours a day and 7 days a week or non-stop supporting policing and enforcing the law;
3. Improvement, sufficient resource and research;
4. Assisting in locating and identifying crimes and criminals;
Corporate priorities
5. Ensure organizational health and sustainability; and
6. Consolidate the institutional framework.

The current President of INTERPOL is Mireille Ballestrazzi.

The current Secretary General of INTERPOL is Jurgen Stock.

The first president of INTERPOL was come from Austria named Johannes Schober from
1923 to 1932, and the first Filipino president of INTERPOL was Jolly R. Bugarin from 1980 to
1984. Its first Secretary General was also from Austria named Oskar Dressler from 1932 to 1945.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a political and economic organization of ten
Southeast Asian countries. It was formed on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand
The ASEAN was established on August 8 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, signed by its
Founding Fathers namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. That was we
are celebrating on August 8 as ASEAN day.

ASEAN Motto:
One Vision, One Identity, One Community
The Ten (10) members of ASEAN are:

1. Brunei;
2. Cambodia;
3. Indonesia;
4. Lao PDR;
5. Malaysia
6. Philippines;
7. Singapore;
8. Myanmar;
9. Thailand; and
10. Vietnam (Mariano, Unpublished).

ASEAN Chiefs of Police (ASEANOPOL) is the organization of composed of chiefs of different

police organization in Southeast Asian Region, its purpose is to share knowledge from one
another to improve the system of policing of every member countries. The first formal meeting
of this organization was held in Manila, Philippines on the 21st to 23rd of October 1981.

The logo of ASEANAPOL has a symbol, and these are the following:

1. Shield symbol of community protection;

2. Flags symbolized the 10 member countries;
3. Yellow Color is the color of honesty;
4. Spray of Rice and Cotton symbolized prosperity;
5. 3 Step on Top of Pillar symbolized the 3 Polices Motto, Fight Crimes, Love
Humanity and Help Delinquents;
6. 10 Steps at the Bottom of Pillar symbolized the 10 ASEAN countries; and
7. Black Color symbolized firm and determination (Mariano, Unpublished).

International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) unlike ASEANOPOL which is only exclusive
for the countries in Southeast Asia, the IACP is an international organization created to improve
the police service of every country around the world. In 1892 fifty police chiefs accepted the
invitation from Omaha, Nebraska Police Chief Webber Seavey, and on the following year these
same police official formally created the IACP (Mariano, Unpublished).

The four Model Police System are the:

1. Singapore;
2. Japan;
3. Canada; and
4. London.
Singapore Police Force was established on 1819 and was located at New Phoenix Park 28
Irrawaddy Singapore. Its current leader is Commissioner of Police Hong Wee Teck and under the
administrative supervision of Ministry of Home Affairs. The highest rank in this police
organization is the Commissioner of Police and the lowest rank is the Constable.

Department Values:
Courage;
Loyalty;
Integrity; and
Fairness.

Targets:
To answer 999 calls within 10 seconds;
To arrive at urgent incident within 15 minutes;
To provide full replies to clear-cut enquiries from the public within 3 working days;
To respond letters from the public within 5 working days;
To update victims of crime on the preliminary status of cases within 7 working days; and
To attend to customers at police service counters within 15 minutes.

Aspects of Trainings:
Criminal Law;
Community Policing;
On-scene investigation;
Police Defensive Tactics; and
Weaponry (Mariano, Unpublished).

National Police Agency is the police organization of Japan established on 1954 and located at
Tokyo, the current leader is Commissioner General Tsuyoshi Yuneda under the administrative
supervision of National Public Safety Commission. The highest rank in this police organization is
the Keisatsucho Chokan or Commissioner General and the lowest rank is the Junsa or Police
Officer.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is the police force of Canada, established on 1919
located at Ottawa, Canada and its current leader is Commissioner Bob Paulson under the
administrative supervision of Ministry of Public Safety Canada. The highest rank in this Police
Organization is Commissioner and the lowest rank is Constable.

Core Values of RCMP:

Integrity;
Honesty;
Professionalism;
Compassion;
Respect; and
Accountability.

Strategic Strategies:
Serious and Organized Crime;
National Security;
Youth;
Aboriginal Communities; and
Economic Integrity.

Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) is the police force of London, established on September
29, 1829 located at New Scotland Yard and its current leader is MPS Commissioner Sir Bernard
Hogan-Howe under the administrative supervision of Mayors Office for Policing and Crime. The
highest rank in this police organization is the Commissioner and the lowest rank is the Police
Constable

Total Policing is a total war on crime, total care for victims, and total professionalism from our
staff.

Corporate Values:
Courage;
Compassion;
Professionalism; and
Integrity (Mariano, Unpublished).
Trends in Policing:

Policing Terrorism today police officers are not only maintaining peace and order in
the locality but they are also involve in policing and suppressing crimes against nation
such as terrorism , etc.;
Militarization this is not new but still it is a continues process in policing, the training
of police officers includes military disciplines and principles;
Policing Risk the police not only deals with crimes, maintaining peace and order, etc.
but they also deals on helping people during calamities or emergency situation;
Socializing Children this trends is important because children are the future of every
nation, they should be guided in a righteous path for better future of a nation;
Community Policing this is the involvement of the community in preventing and
suppressing crimes, the participation of community in policing can help the police
organization to improve their job;
Problem-solving Policing the police organization also deals with some problems in
their areas and looking for the solution of such problem;
Over-all Growth the police organizations are continues recruiting members for the
growth of their organization and for the improvement of their system in policing;
Civilianization police officers are civilian in characters;
Racial Diversity there is no discrimination in entering police service when it comes to
race, every people in different community including the cultural or ethnic groups have
the chance to enter in police service and represent their groups;
Gender Diversity women nowadays can do the work of the men, thats why gender
equality in entering the police service must be always observe, no discrimination;
Education the minimum educational requirements in entering police service becomes
higher to professionalized the officers and to deliver a high quality of service;
Networks and Partnership police organizations are establishing harmonious
relationship to other organization to help one another on some matters;
Globalization this process helps the police organization to improve their system in
policing by sharing their ideas and practices to one another, the best example of this is
the establishment of international organizations such as INTERPOL, IACP etc.;
Technological Innovation before the latest technology arrives, the police only used
magnifying glass in identifying fingerprints but now with our latest technology
identifying and comparing fingerprints is much easier with the use of Automated
Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS);
Intelligence-led Policing deciding and acting based on intelligence gathered by the
police organization (Ratchliffe, 2003 as cited by Mariano, Unpublished); and
Predictive Policing the police organization nowadays can predict or anticipate that
there will crime gonna happen and they can respond in this incident easier (Pearsali,
2010 as cited by Mariano, Unpublished).