Understanding and

Reimagining urban lakes

managing tradeoffs,
pathways to restoration,
institutions and
stakeholders
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This document has been made to be used as a community resource and is meant to evolve with the
contributions and experiences of everyone working to protect lakes. Please write to us with your
contributions.
Please feel free to use, share and disseminate this document. We would appreciate being informed about
how it has been used.
Please write to us at water@biome-solutions.com or find us on Facebook here.
This document is published under a CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 IN license.

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Rejuvenating Our Urban Lakes
This section is on rejuvenating lakes in our modern urban
context.
How did people people use and value lakes in the past?
And what are more concurrent imaginations of these uses and
values?
And how can we reimagine the lake through the values and uses it
has?

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Earlier Uses, Values and Users (a
reminder)
What we call Lakes were mostly man-made irrigation tanks.
Communities were largely agrarian and communities clustered around lakes.
Lakes also had environmental uses, they were critical to flood control
management, and stored water. They were not always perennial.
Lakes recharged groundwater
This was accessed through wells and then used for drinking and domestic
purposes such as washing (both domestic and cattle)
Of course, most importantly, it had economic uses as well, farmers used the
water as irrigation, the silt as manure, shepherds used the grass for grazing,
dhobis washed clothes, fishermen fished in the lakes
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Who Managed and Owned These
Lakes?
Active
participation in
Joint decision and maintenance:
management on cleaning,
water use desilting

Community Farmers,
Rulers and Neeruganti Community Fishermen,
Village Grazers
Elders

Used lakes for

Patronage Implementing economic use
decisions and
Ensured tanks distribution of
were maintained water to village or
community tank 51
Reimagining Uses, Values and Users
Community uses: as urban communities, we use lakes for
recreation (walking, boating), cultural uses
Environmental uses lakes lower ambient temperature, are still
important for groundwater recharge and biodiversity
conservation
Lakes and wetlands treat wastewater
Lakes are still critical for flood control and storage
Livelihood uses can lakes reclaim their value for dhobis, grazers,
fishermen, as sources of silt and manure?
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There will always be
trade-offs.

Lakes are used for

livelihoods, for waste
water management,
flood control,
groundwater
recreation, biodiversity,
conservation and
recreation.

Strength and
sustainability lies in
equitable stakeholding

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Livelihoods
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Groundwater recharge
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Biodiversity and
Conservation
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Recreation
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Recreation
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Flood Control

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Waste Water Management

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A sustainable solution (?) working together
with traditional, urban and government
Control Active
management participation in
distribution of maintenance:
water to village or cleaning,
community tank desilting

Farmers,
CSR? BBMP Community Community Fishermen,
Grazers

Used lakes for

Patronage Joint decision economic use
making on water
Ensured tanks use
were maintained
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Institutional and non institutional
stakeholders
KLCDA JOGGERS, FISHERMEN
FOREST Overarching CYCLISTS, maintain the
DEPT statewide lake
authority
BIRDWATCHERS lake, wetland
Watch and and fish
ward of all sustainably
BBMP activities
KSPCB Lake Custodian, STAFF, VILLAGE
Water Quality monitoring, SECURITY, COMMUNITY
Monitoring, Legal construction,
Action against maintenance, GARDENERS Responsible
Offenders infrastructure, Watch and grazing, clothes
security ward of all washing,
BWSSB activities keeping an eye
FISHERIES Construction,
Contracting Maintenance of
Commercial Sewage and CORPORATE URBAN
Fishermen Stormwater private entities FAMILIES
Drains such as CSR, Responsibly
MINOR Companies etc enjoying the lak
IRRIGATIO
N

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The Lake Custodian Agency
A custodian agency is the sole agency with whom the bottom line of responsibility
lies.
Since many agencies are implicated in one way or another with lakes, the custodian
agency needs to work together with other institutions.
In many cases, the BBMP is the lake custodian, but other agencies can also be
designated (like BDA).

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How can Citizens work with the
Government?
The responsibility of the lake lies with the custodian agency, which is supposed to
work with other implicated agencies. However, this does not often happen.
Citizen groups can help achieve this convergence between institutions (with the
blessing of the lake custodian!), as well as increase citizen stake in the lake
You can work with your local government either informally through a group or a
network or formally engage through an organisation.
Engagement varies from advocacy, awareness building and citizen oversight, to
working with lake custodians to improve lakes, for example, groups being authorised
by BBMP to maintain lakes themselves.
We see variations these models in Bangalore, and the choice of which to choose
really depends on your specific lake context.

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Citizen Engagement : Leveraging
Existing Networks
There are many avenues for citizen engagement, and the strategy you choose will
depend on your specific lake context.
In all cases, you should be in touch with existing citizen lake networks like Friends
of Lakes Bangalore or One Bengaluru for Lakes.
These networks can help by:
- bringing experience from other lakes,
- including conversations of upstream and downstream lakes and bring in a cascade
level thinking,
- facilitating collective conversations with the government.

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The Informal Engagement
You can engage informally with local institutions,
Individually or through a lake group, who bridge the citizen-institution conversation.
Friends of Lakes Bangalore a loose network of engaged citizens active in
advocated lake rejuvenation across Bangalore.
Friends of Lakes is a pan-Bangalore citizen led advocacy group that talks to local
government institutions. Here, citizens act as watchdogs, play an advocacy role, and
support government institutions to make them more effective.
If youre interested in engaging with your lake and are not aware of any existing
group active around your lake, you can contact Friends of Lakes, who will help you
set up one!

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How does the Government see
Citizen Participation?
Every agency has their own way institutionalising citizen participation.
For example, BBMP has entered into partnerships with lake groups through formal
MoUs.
KSPCB has created Watchdog Committees for water quality, comprising of
government agencies and citizens
And the Karnataka Lake Conservation and Development Authority has created the
post of the Lake Warden.

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Formal Agreements with Local
Government
You can work with the local government through a citizen formed Formal Trust or
Society.
These trusts typically adopt lakes and sign MoUs with lake custodians for particular
responsibilities such as fundraising, working with CSR.
When the custodian agency formally hands over maintenance responsibilities to a
group or an organisation (through an MoU), there may be financial implications
the maintenance party is also responsible to ensure securing of finances for
maintenace
Some examples: PNLIT, MAPSAS, Jalaposhan

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PNLIT rejuvenating a neighbourhood around a lake

The Puttenahalli Neighbourhood Lake Improvement Trust was registered in 2010 and works with BBMP to
rejuvenate and maintain Puttenahalli lake in JP Nagar, 7th Phase.
It is the first case in the city where a lake was handed over to a trust to manage by the BBMP.
PNLIT is funded through public donations.
PNLIT works on issues of environmental protection, local governance and problem solving, boosting
economic activities that improve the area, support other non-profit activities and foster educational
initiatives that improve the neighbourhood.
The lake is an entry point to rejuvenating the entire neighbourhood around the lake:
- Core lake related activities: lake administration, awareness, nature watch, lake monitoring and regulation,
gardening, cleaning, waste management
- Other activities: PNLIT memorabilia to promote local economies, recycling, local governance (traffic, waste
etc), engaging with local schools
PNLIT signed an MoU with KSPCB and BBMP to use treated water from a nearby apartment the first of its
kind in Blore

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MAPSAS working with a series of lakes

Mahadevpura Parisara Samarakshane Mattu Abhivrudhi Samiti is a not for profit

registered Trust that was formed in 2011 to revive and rejuvenate lakes in the
BellandurORR/Sarjapur Road/Harlur Road area.
Beginning with a single lake, MAPSAS maintains two lakes Kaikrondahalli Kere
(with United Way) and Lower Ambalipura Lake
MAPSAS also engages with a series lakes in the single cascade: Kaikrondahalli Kere
Lower Ambalipura Kere, and Kasavanahalli Lake, and is involved in reviving Soul Kere
, Dodda Ambalipura Kere, Haralur Lake and Iblur Lake.
MAPSAS collaboratively produced with BBMP a Lake Development Plan for
Kaikrondahalli Lake and also have an MoU for Haralur Lake Park.

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Jalaposhan a mix of formal and informal
engagement

Jalaposhan is a community built around Jakkur Lake

Formed by citizens in the vicinity, Jalaposhan tracks the sewage inflow, water quality
and also forces institutional intervention. They also help build a vibrant community
around the lake.

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Some provisions by institutions to
recognise citizen engagement
How has the government created a space for engagement with citizens?
Two new roles have been recently created to encourage citizen engagement

Lake Wardens set up by G.O. FEE 99 ENV 2016

Watchdog Committees under KSPCB

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Lake Wardens
Lake Wardens set up by G.O. FEE 99 ENV 2016
Roles and Responsibilities:
Awareness of roles and responsibilities of citizens towards lake conservation and preservation and
carry a message to citizens and enlist public support
Collect and formulate suggestions for protection, conservation and development of lakes
Assist the Lake Custodian in regulatory efforts like prevention of encroachment, detection and
prosecution of offences, prevention of prohibited acts
Anything else entrusted by the Lake Custodian

An active role for the Lake Warden, a bridge between citizens and institutions. An
active role, with scope for further definition by the Warden and Lake Custodian

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Lake Wardens 2/2
How are Lake Wardens appointed?
Eligibility: Indian Citizen, between 25-70 years, resident in the lake locality, fit, speak Kannada and
English, not active in politics, and not be convicted for any offences
Interested citizens need to submit details to the Lake Custodian authority using a format issued by
KLCDA
The Lake Custodian will form a committee for the selection, appointments made for 2 years
The Lake Custodian monitors and reviews the work of the Lake Warden regularly
This is a non-remunerative post and has no statutory powers
Issued a Cap and a Tshirt

Unclear legal standing for LWs. How will they enforce decisions if they are not empowered?
Are they simply an extension of the Lake Custodian or is there scope for engagement?

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Watchdog Committees under
KSPCB
Lake Protection Watchdog Committees have been formed for Pollution Control and
Response
Formed as a result of the work by Wg Cdr (Retd) Athri on Madiwala Lake.
Committee will consist of members of KSPCB, Lake Custodians (BBMP, BWSSB, BDA etc)
and four citizens . Currently citizens already engaged in lake protection have been identified
Copies of meeting and directives will be circulated amongst RWAs
No constitutional mandate simply an avenue for citizen engagement, and can only watch
and report back to KSPCB when a pollution infarction takes place

Questions around the rights and remits of this committee and selection of citizen members
remain.
See http://www.deccanherald.com/content/503843/watchdog-committees-stem-further-decay.html

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Some Useful Contacts
Get in touch with Biome
Friends of Lakes Bangalore
Environmental Trust at
One Bengaluru for Lakes water@biome-solutions.com

MAPSAS
Jalaposhan
Puttenahalli Neighbourhood Lake Improvement Trust
Kaikrondahalli Kere
With thanks to
Kaikrondahalli Kere Lower Ambalipura Kere Shri Ramprasad and Friends of Lakes, PNLIT,
MAPSAS, Jalaposhan
And everyone engaged in
Kasavanahalli Lake lake rejuvenation in Bangalore

Soul Kere This document is published under a CC BY-NC-

SA 2.5 IN license.

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