Amber Books Ltd

United House
North Road
London N7 9DP
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)20 7520 7600

rights@amberbooks.co.uk
www.amberbooks.co.uk

BOOKS
www.facebook.com/amberbooks
twitter: @amberbooks
itunes.com/amberbooksltd
pinterest: amberbooksltd
instagram: amberbooksltd

Spring 2018
Contents
Spring 2018 Titles
January 2
February 3
March 5
April 10
May 16
June 20

eBooks
Many of our titles are also available as eBooks from major online stores.
For details and links, please visit www.amberbooks.co.uk/ebooks
JANUARY 2018 Publication FEBRUARY 2018 Publication

The Wehrmacht Hitlers Secret Weapons

michael e. haskew david porter
Rising from the ashes of the Following the invasion of the Soviet
post-World War I Reichswehr, Union and the realization that the war
the Wehrmacht became one of could continue for years, Hitler put
the cornerstones of Hitlers re- WORLD WAR II GERMANY: great resources into the development WORLD WAR II GERMANY:

assertion of German military might. The Wehrmacht of technologically advanced Hitlers Secret Weapons
240 x 189mm (9 x 7) 240 x 189mm (9 x 7)
With chapters on the history of the weaponry, in the belief that the
192pp 192pp
German Army, pre-war development, production of wonder weapons was 50,000 words
50,000 words
command structures, infantry, the key to victory. From submarines 150 photos, diagrams and maps
150 photos, diagrams and maps
armoured formations, artillery and ISBN: 978-1-78274-592-1 to chemical and nuclear weapons, ISBN: 978-1-78274-595-2
support services, The Wehrmacht 19.99 Paperback from superguns to experimental 19.99 Paperback
offers military history enthusiasts aircraft, Hitlers Secret Weapons
key data on every aspect of Nazi reveals the extent of Germanys
Germanys ground forces. munitions development.

c o m m an d s tr uc tur e c o m m a n d s t r u cture command structure command structure m issiles a nd a ir- la u nch ed wea po ns m issiles a nd a ir- la u nch ed wea po ns m issiles a nd a ir- la u nch ed wea po ns missile s and air-launche d we apons

authorized units of the Heer to utilize

extreme measures in the process.
Furthermore, officers were directed
authorized to exercise such authority
without fear of prosecution for actions
which would normally be violations
signature on the actual paper order
was his.
While Keitel had considered
The Fhrers Orders GERMAN SOLDIERS TEN COMMANDMENTS (PRINTED IN PAY BOOK)
people. Every German is liable to
military service. In time of war, in
addition to liability to military service,
GERMAN MILITARY CASUALITIES IN WORLD WAR II (MILLION) NUMBERS OF V-2s FIRED AT
TARGETS IN EUROPE
considerable, given the limitations of
1940s technology.
Two options were seriously
at this time about the feasibility of
the large, liquid-fuelled missiles
under development at Peenemnde
supply port. The unit was supposed
to be equipped with 12 launchers, but
only seems to have received four.
accentuated the ineffectiveness
of the Rheinbote bombardment
which began on Christmas Eve and
rocket was militarily useless and
the project was finally cancelled the
following month.
Surface-to-Surface Missiles surFACE-To-surFACE mIssIlEs ComPArED

to use collective measures against
the local population where attacks
against German forces occurred if the
actual culprits could not be located.
Officers were also empowered to
execute hostile persons without
trial or formal adherence to any
law or legal process. Officers of the
of German law. Generals and senior
commanders who protested summary
executions and acts of brutality
committed by both Army and Waffen-
SS personnel were often relieved of
duty or otherwise silenced. Each of
these orders originated with Hitler;
however, the implementation of them
himself a loyal officer of the German
Army, he had fatally linked that
loyalty to the person of Adolf Hitler.
In doing so, he undermined the
effectiveness of the Army General
Staff and OKH, precipitated an
indelible stain on the honour of the
Army and the officer corps, and was
9m
20
In the spring of 1940, the German armed forces moved against Norway and Denmark. 1. While fighting for victory, the German soldier will observe every German man and every German Location Total considered, the first was guidance and that Rheinmetall-Borsig were The launcher was the FR-Wagen, continued into January 1945. The While the service version of Although they were far from being the decisive weapons that Hitler had envisaged,
Historically, such an operation would have been planned by the General Staff of the the rules of chivalrous warfare. Cruelties and needless woman is liable to service to the 18
18,000,000 Belgium 1664 by radio beacons which were to be requested to design a solid fuel a modification of the Meillerwagen average rate of fire for each launcher Rheinbote was a total disaster, the V-1 and V-2 inflicted significant damage to their targets and compelled the Allies to
destruction are below his values. Fatherland, it read. Antwerp 1610 set up by German agents operating missile to act as back-up in the event transporter/erector trailer used for seems to have been roughly one there were designs derived from the
Army and executed through OKH. Lige 27 divert considerable resources to countering the threat that they posed. 6m
From 1935 on, German men were 16 in the USA and the second was to of the failure of the V-1 or V-2 design the V-2. The missile was fired from a missile per hour estimates of the original study that could have been
Hasselt 13
2. Combatants will be wearing uniform or will wear specially subject to military service from their utilize a manned version of the and construction projects. launch rail mounted on the erector total number of missiles fired vary, at least as effective as the V-2. The
Tournai 9
However, Operation Weserbung OKW. In its subordinate role, OB OB West no fewer than six times. introduced and clearly identifiable badges. Fighting in 18th birthday until the end of the 14 A-4b/A-9. In theory, the pilot was By May 1942, plans had been frame rather than from a separate but it was certainly no more than most advanced of these seems to V-1 While it was a crude engine, which and a speed of 720800km/h (450 3m
Mons 3
(Weser Exercise) was controlled from West was mainly responsible for Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt civilian clothes or without such badges is prohibited. month of March following their 45th to eject after setting the missile on drawn up for a multi-stage, solid fuel launch pad, as in the case of the V-2. 200. As predicted, the effectiveness have been the Rheinbote III, which In common with many other could only operate effectively at low 500mph) but in practice these figures V-1
12 Diest 2
the outset by OKW. Soon afterward, the implementation of orders issued was appointed and then sacked on birthday. Later, conscription was uK 1402
course to its target. rocket carrying a 1225kg (2695lb) of these missiles was very limited had a 771kg (1700lb) warhead and a countries, Germany had altitude, it would run well on low were reduced to approximately length: 8m (26ft)

Heer were assured that they were rested with Wilhelm Keitel and the hanged as a war criminal. OKW issued orders to move an entire directly by Hitler and transmitted three occasions. He commanded 3. No enemy who has surrendered will be executed, including extended to cover those aged 17 to 10,000,000
London 1358 The A4b/A-10 combination was warhead to a maximum range Combat Effectiveness and by the end of January 1945, range of 241km (150 miles). experimented with unmanned aircraft octane petrol and was ideally suited 240km (150 miles) and 560640km/h 0m
10 0m 3m 6m 9m 12m 15m 18m 21m 24m 27m 30m 33m 36m
division of the Heer from Norway to through OKW. The OB West area OB West from October 1940 to April partisans and spies. They will be duly punished by courts. 61, and during the last days of the Norwich 43 designed in parallel with the A-9/A- of 241km (150 miles). Although a The shortage of launchers even the SS appreciated that the during the inter-war years, but had to power a flying bomb. (350400mph).
Finland, establishing a new theatre of operations primarily included the 1941 and was replaced by Field Third Reich boys as young as 12 were 8 7,856,000 Ipswich 1 4b and its development was also production contract was issued, never seriously considered their The initial test flight of an air- Production examples of the V-1 9m
FIELD MARSHAL WILHELM BODEWIN GUSTAv KEITEL of war for the armed forces which coastal defences of the Atlantic Wall, Marshal Erwin von Witzleben from 4. POWs will not be ill-treated or mocked. Arms, maps and defending the smouldering ruins of France 76 officially suspended in 1943 to free it soon became apparent that potential as flying bombs. Tentative launched unpowered prototype was were fitted with an odometer driven
V-2 LAUNCH SITES AND TARGETS
was completely outside the control or which opposed the Allied landings May 1941 to March 1942. Rundstedt records will be taken away from them, but their personal Berlin. Individuals who were deemed 6 Lille 25 resources for the V-2 programme. development would be a lengthy proposals for such weapons were made in early December 1942, with by a vane anemometer on the nose
A senior Nazi and member of Hitlers inner circle throughout World War II, Keitel served as chief of the Oberkommando influence of the General Staff or OKH. in Normandy on 6 June 1944, and was reinstated and commanded OB belongings will not be touched. as somewhat short of immediate 4,606,000 Paris 22 However, there is some surprising business and attention turned to rejected in 1939 and 1941, but by the first powered flight following on that determined when the target area 6m
When the invasion of the Soviet the occupied territories of the Low West from March 1942 to July 1944 4 Tourcoing 19 evidence to the contrary at two smaller versions of the missile that Christmas Eve, when a missile was
der Wehrmacht (OKW) and conducted the armistice negotiations with the French government in the Forest of fitness for service were classified in 3,250,000 1942, the erosion of German air had been reached. Before launch, the
Arras 6 North Sea
Compigne in 1940. Keitel was a career soldier and was wounded in action during World War I. Acknowledged as a Union began on 22 June 1941, and Countries. At the end of the war, the and was followed by Field Marshal 5. Dum-Dum bullets are prohibited; also no other bullets may one of several reserve components locations in Normandy, one at Haut could be brought into service more superiority prompted the Luftwaffe to air-launched from a Focke-Wulf Fw counter was set to a value that would
2 Cambrai 4 V-2
capable staff officer, his blind allegiance to Hitler facilitated numerous errors in the strategic and tactical prosecution 120 German divisions attacked the remnants of the OB West command Gnther von Kluge from early July be transformed into Dum-Dums. and subject to activation as needed. Mesnil, near Caen and the other at quickly. The selected type, the reconsider the matter and begin the 200 Condor from Peenemnde. reach zero upon arrival at the target 3m length: 14m (46ft)
netherlands (maastricht) 19
of the German war effort. Field Marshal Keitel was tried at Nuremberg and convicted of war crimes and crimes against Red Army along a 1600km (1000-mile) were concentrated in Bavaria. to mid-August of that year. Field Certain classes of the population, 0
La Meauffe, near St Lo. Both were Rh-Z-61/9, was dubbed Rheinbote Rijs development of a small, cheap flying in the prevailing wind conditions. As
Germany (remagen) 11
humanity. He was hanged on 16 October 1946. front, Hitler could not refrain from Indicative of Hitlers continuing Marshal Walther Model held the 6. Red Cross institutions are sacrosanct. Injured enemies such as Jews, were excluded from Total killed, Total dead and Killed and Wounded POWs quarries that had been taken over for and was a four-stage, fin-stabilized NETHERLANDS bomb, with a range of about 250km New launch system the missile flew, the airflow turned
wounded and wounded missing
Ommen
interfering with ongoing operations. suspicions of the Army General Staff post for only two weeks in August are to be treated humanely. Medical personnel and army service. However, as the need for captured conversion to V-2 storage areas in missile with no guidance or control Norwich Dalfsen
(155 miles) and a 800kg (1760lb) Considerable development work the propeller, with every 30 rotations 0m
0m 3m 6m 9m 12m 15m 18m 21m 24m 27m 30m 33m 36m
Birth: 22 September 1882 He accomplished this through orders and the high-ranking commanders and September 1944, and Rundstedt chaplains should not be hindered in performing their manpower increased the standards failures, von Braun was confident 1942, but little work was completed system that had to be accurately warhead, that could hit an area was still required, but by mid-1943, a counting down one number on the
Archem
Death: 16 October 1946 issued via OKW. Just as he had done whose careers were traced to the again commanded OB West from medical or clerical activities. for physical fitness were lowered, and tactical situation after 1942. n every German campaign, even the that the design was sound, but the up to the end of 1943. In early 1944, aimed at its target before launch to Hellendoom Burgsteinfurt target, evading interception by flying workable catapult launching system counter. This counter triggered the 9m

in France weeks earlier, ordering his officer elite of the Junker class, September 1944 until March 1945. deteriorating military situation forced urgent construction work suddenly have any chance of hitting it. Nikverdal Darfield A-9/A-10
Place of Birth: Helmscherode, Braunschweig convicts serving prison terms Although some Heer units are successful ones, added significantly to Wassenaar Haaksbergen in at high speed and low altitude. had been devised. A gyrocompass- arming of the warhead after about length: 25.8m (84ft 8in)
ENGLAND Heek
father: Carl Keitel ground troops to halt and allowing he replaced the commanders of The final commander of OB West was 7. The civilian population is sacrosanct. No looting nor were pressed into the ranks, and known to have committed atrocities the death toll on the German army. the evacuation of the Peenemnde began at both sites and after their General Dornberger expressed Ipswich The Hague The project was given the cover based autopilot guidance system had 60km (38 miles). When the counter
Mother: Apollonia vissering thousands of British and French egregious destruction is permitted by the soldier. convalescing soldiers who might against prisoners of war and civilians tens of thousands died in poland, site before any further trials could be capture, Allied intelligence teams deep reservations about the Hoek van Holland designation of Flakzielgert 76 (FZG been adopted which gave sufficient reached zero, two explosive bolts 6m

Personal relationshiPs: Married to Lisa Fontaine (six children)
Service: Cadet Officer 1901
Wounded in action 1914
Joined Freikorps 1919
Head of Army Organization
Department 1929
Brigadier-General 1934
Head of Armed Forces Office 1935
Major-General 1936
General of Artillery 1937
Armed Forces High Command 1938
Colonel-General 1938
Chief of OKW 1938
Field Marshal 1940
n Keitel (left) talks with Luftwaffe supremo Convicted and executed at
Hermann Gring, 1943. Nuremberg 1946
soldiers to escape from Dunkirk,
THEATRE COMMANDS, 194045
he grew restless as German forces
neared the Soviet capital of Moscow.
Hitler diverted troops of Field Marshal
Fedor von Bocks Army Group Centre
to the north and south of the Soviet
capital, rendering Bocks planned
armoured thrust to capture Moscow
impossible and depriving him of the
initiative necessary to potentially win
the war in the East.
From the autumn of 1940 until
the end of the war, the Feldheer
in the West, also known as the
Westheer, was under the control
of Oberbefehlshaber West, or OB
West, which answered directly to
carried out. found that they contained networks practicality of the design which Kleve
Landmarks of historical value or buildings serving religious have previously been sent on leave alike, most common soldiers of the france, and the Balkans, but the real 76) AA target equipment 76. accuracy for use against area were fired and two spoilers on the
Serooskerke
purposes, art, science, or charity are to be especially were returned to their units. German Army acquitted themselves price was paid on the eastern front. A final variant of the A-4b was of tunnels and loading equipment used a 1715kg (3775lb) multi-stage London The FZG 76 was powered by an targets and selection of launch sites elevator were released, the linkage
Middleburg
respected. Deliveries in kind made, as well as services During World War II, the strength honourably in combat. intended to be fitted with a ring of for missiles almost twice the size missile to inaccurately deliver a Argus pulse jet a simple tube began. Potential launch sites were between the elevator and servo was 3m
Antwerp GERMANY
u fHrer Adolf Hitler rendered by the population, may only be claimed if ordered of the Heer at its peak approached In his acclaimed book For all his ineptitude as a military 10 solid propellant booster rockets of the V-2. Perhaps, therefore, work 40kg (88lb) warhead containing only containing a fuel injection system and fewer than had been anticipated, jammed and a guillotine device cut
n by superiors and only against compensation. n a young German soldier poses for the camera 10 million men. Between 1939 and Frontsoldaten, Stephen G. Fritz points strategist, particularly his strategic to achieve a speed of Mach 6 at an on A-4b/A-10 was much closer 20kg (44lb) of explosives. However, a spark plug, with its front covered as steadily increasing weight had off the control hoses to the rudder
altitude of 20km (12 miles), extending to completion than official historical the SS believed that the system Maastricht 0m
during the invasion of france, may 1940. He is 1945, the Heer suffered more than out, As perpetrators, whether out of blunders committed in 1940 and by a screen of spring-loaded flaps. degraded the missiles performance. servo, setting the rudder in neutral. 0m 3m 6m 9m 12m 15m 18m 21m 24m 27m 30m 33m 36m
research suggests. had real potential to damage Allied BELGIUM
n OB West Gen FM Gerd von Rundstedt (19401, 19424, 19445) 8. Neutral territory will never be entered nor passed over by armed with a Kar 98 rifle and has a stick grenade 4.2 million dead and nearly 400,000 conviction or not, these common men later, Adolf Hitler was nevertheless the range of the missile to 950 Lige In flight, the airflow forced the It had been estimated that it would These actions put the V-1 into a steep
Lille
Gen FM Erwin von Witzleben (19412) aircraft, nor shot at; it will not be the focus of warmaking tucked in his belt. taken prisoner, bearing by far the existed as part of a great destructive the catalyst for the growth and 1000km (590621 miles). targets and used their increasing flaps open, which operated a valve have a range of 483km (300 miles) dive.
Gen FM Gnther von Kluge (1944) of any kind. lions share of the burden of the fight machine, ready and willing to kill and development of a fighting machine Rheinbote (Rhine Messenger) influence over missile development spraying fuel into the tube. The fuel/ range
In the late 1930s, the armaments to issue a production order for the English Channel
Gen FM Walter Model (1944) for Germany. The combat prowess destroy in order to achieve the goals which was, up to that time, the most First ICBM air mix was ignited by the spark plug
9. If a German soldier is made a POW he will give his name and rank if he is asked for them. Under no circumstances of the German soldier in World War of a murderous regime. In the role formidable in the world. The Heer, in The first stage of the proposed ICBM, firm Rheinmetall-Borsig had built Rheinbote in November 1944. and the explosion blew the flaps Rheinbote, V-1, V-2, AnD A9/A10 sIZEs ComPArED V-1 240km (149 miles)
Gen FM Albert Kesselring (1945) V-2 launch sites
n OB Sd West Gen FM Albert Kesselring (19435) will he reveal the unit to which he belongs, nor will he give any information about German military, political and II was grudgingly acknowledged of victims, they lived daily with the turn, was the premier component of the A-10, was to be powered by six up considerable expertise in the The Rheinbote trials unit was shut, producing a brief burst of thrust Missile Length Max Diameter Span V-2 330km (205 miles)
Headquarters
Gen FM Heinrich von Vietinghoff-Scheel (1945) economic conditions. Neither promises nor threats may induce him to do so. by his adversaries, and historians physical hardships, the psychological that machine, fighting across fronts modified V-2 rocket engines and was development of solid fuel rockets accordingly mobilized as Artillerie FRANCE before the flaps were again forced Rheinbote 11.5m (37ft 6in) 0.535m (1ft 9in) 1.49m (4ft 10in)
Targeted cities
n OB Sd Ost Gen-Ob Alexander Lhr (19435) have noted that as a whole the burdens, and the often crushing which extended from the Caucasus intended to carry the second stage for army use in the short-range Abeitlung 709 and deployed to open by the airflow to restart the V-1 8m (26ft) 0.84m (2ft 9in) 5m (17ft)
A-9/A-10 5000km (3107 miles)
n OB Nord West Gen FM Ernst Busch (1945) 10. Offences against the a/m matters of duty will be punished. Enemy offences against the principles under 1 to 8 are to German Army acquitted itself with anxieties of death and killing that to the deserts of North Africa and A-4b/A-9 embedded in its nose. The bombardment role (the 28/32cm Nunspeet in the Netherlands to take Distance: 319km (198 miles)
operating cycle. At full speed, the V-2 14m (46ft) 1.68m (5ft 6in) 3.5m (11ft 6in)
Altitude: 80km (50 miles) A-9/A-10 Amerikarakete 25.8m (84ft 8in) 4.3m (14ft 1in) 9m (29ft 6in)
be reported. Reprisals are only permissible on order of higher commands. tremendous courage in the face of constitute the everyday life of all from the English Channel to the problem of achieving any sort of (11/12.6in) NbW 41 series). It appears part in the massive bombardment of engine produced these pulses at an
a continually deteriorating strategic combat soldiers. Arctic Circle. accuracy against US targets was that there were some misgivings Antwerp, which was an important approximate rate of 42 per second.

42 43 48 49 148 149 138 139

The SS Fighting Techniques

chris mcnab
of a Panzergrenadier 194145
The SS examines the history and matthew hughes
development of the Schutzstaffel and chris mann
from its origin as Hitlers personal During World War II, the Germans
fielded 29 panzergrenadier divisions, Fighting Techniques of a
bodyguard to its growth into a WORLD WAR II GERMANY: Panzergrenadier 194145
millions-strong organization by the The SS in which the infantry units were fully
285 x 213mm (11 x 8in)
wars end. Highly illustrated and 240 x 189mm (9 x 7) motorised to operate alongside tanks 96 pages
broken down into key constituent parts 192pp and assault guns on the battlefield. 35,000 words
such as the police, concentration 50,000 words Illustrated with more than 90 50 artworks, 40 photos
150 photos, diagrams and maps photographs and artworks, Fighting ISBN: 978-1-78274-599-0
camps, security services, Waffen-SS,
ISBN: 978-1-78274-593-8 Techniques of a Panzergrenadier is a 14.99 Paperback
slave labour and Einsatzgruppen the 19.99 Paperback
book is an essential reference guide comprehensive guide to the training,
for anyone interested in the history and techniques and weaponry of these
structure of this infamous organization. soldiers.

C H A P T E R 3 36 Panzergrenadiers in action in the West Panzergrenadiers in action in the West, 193945 37

Panzergrenadiers
Stukas dropped their bombs a hairs breadth from the combat engineers to build ferries and a bridge onto which
attacking Germans as they stormed the French defences on the panzers could pass. All along the Meuse, the experience
chapter 6 police and intelligence police and intelligence the slopes of the hill of La Marfe. The French defenders, of the men of the Grossdeutschland was repeated as other
many of whom were raw conscripts, were left bewildered Wehrmacht motorised infantry units paddled across the

6 kripo offices Kriminalpolizei the Criminal Police, who were not oriented towards the
in Action in the West, by the ferocity of the German bombardment. The ensuing
battle for the west bank shows that panzergrenadiers often
fought fixed piece assaults on prepared defences. This
river in the face of fierce French fire. Casualties in such an
assault were high and for men wounded on the west bank
the delay in ferrying them back to regimental aid posts on the

1939 45
Police
uNITS WITHIN THE ORDNUNGSPOLIZEI (ORDER POLICE; ORPO) was classic infantry action. Courbiere again: After a short east bank often proved fatal. Another problem was the lack of
the kripo maintained offices in better known as the Kripo and the Nazi Party, in the process depriving
fight the bunker is reached by a sergeant and two men. water, and the Germans relied on captured bottles of water to
most of the major towns and cities Ordnungspolizei (Order Police; Orpo). the force of thousands of excellent
Baupolizei (Buildings Police) Motorisierte Gendarmerie (Motorized Traffic Gendarmerie) The enemy are smoked out by hand grenades; they are keep them going.
Feuerschutzpolizei (Fire Protection Police)
across the reich. the offices at a The Orpo was commanded from 1936 officers and consequently reducing
Polizei Fliegerstaffeln (Police Flying units) completely vanquished; they come out. Their faces reveal
sub-regional level would report to 1945 by SS-Oberstgruppenfhrer its efficiency.

and
Feuerwehren (Fire Brigades) 1 Polizei Nachrichtenstaffeln (Police Signal units)
back to the relevant regional office Kurt Daluege, an unpleasant and He also encouraged members the psychological strain of this fighting. Close to each other Combat Engineers at the Crossing
Luftschutzpolizei (Air Raid Police) Gendarmerie (Rural Police)
headquarters. in turn, the reports brutish man who was generally of the Allgemeine-SS to join the they stand with their backs to their bunker and raise their of the Meuse
Technische Nothilfe, TeNo (Technical Emergency Service) Polizei Reiterstaffeln (Mounted Police units) Although the invasion of
Feldjgerkrops, FJK (Auxiliary Police) from regional offices were then unpopular with the civilian career police ranks, breeding tensions and hands. In the savage fighting, some of the French defenders The Grossdeutschland was just one motorised infantry
Schutzpolizei des Reichs (Reich Protection Police) 5
Verwaltungspolizei (Administrative Police) Schutzpolizei, Schupo (Protection Police) passed on to the central office in policemen who made up the services suspicions amongst the older officers Poland saw the first use of in the bunkers were shot after they had surrendered. The regiment crossing the Meuse. The experience of the other

Intelligence
Gesundheitspolizei (Health Police)
Gewerbepolizei (Factory & Shops Police)
Hochgebirgs Gendarmerie (Mountain Gendarmerie)
Kasernierte Polizei (Barrack Police)
Schutzpolizei der Gemeinden (Municipal Police)
Landespolizei (Barracked Territorial Police) 2
Landwacht (Rural Guards) 3
The Nazi system of policing the Third Reich was
Stadtwacht (City Guards) 4
labyrinthine in the extreme. There were multiple security
and police organizations, some of them legacies from
the Weimar Republic and older police institutions, while
In a sense, the regular street-level
others were new creations established after Hitlers policing continued much as it had
taking of power in 1933. always done, but there were distinct
signals that it was now the SS that
What came to unite all the police and security was in ultimate control, as Gordon
Williamson here points out:
services of the Third Reich was the SS. When the Nazis
took control in 1933, the police forces of Germany were
Himmler would ensure that the
Verkehrsbereitschaften (Traffic Police) Berlin, part of the rsha. ranks. Daluege purged Orpo officials and the new intake. panzergrenadiers cleared out bunker after bunker so there motorised infantry crossing the river was very similar
motorised infantry, the 1940
Verkehrskompanien (mot) zbV (Motorized Special Duty Traffic Police) would be a foothold on the west bank sufficiently large for to that of the Grossdeutschland. But it was an all-arms
Wasserschutzpolizei (Waterways Protection Police) French campaign showed
Panzergrenadiers were used war in the West, before examining
LOCATION OF KRIPO REGIONAL OFFICES
throughout World War II, from the the German blitzkrieg tactics events on the Eastern Front in the next
1. Served as an auxiliary force to the Feuerschutzpolizei
2. under Wehrmacht authority from 1935 invasion of Poland in September 1939, to full effect. Conversely, by chapter. With this in mind, this chapter
3. Assisted the Gendarmerie to the battle for Berlin in April 1945. As a will deal briefly with the invasion of
4. Assisted the Schutzpolizei
fighting elite accompanying the panzers 1944, the panzergrenadiers
Poland before examining two case
5. Responsible for cities and large towns
into action, or as infantry fighting proved themselves highly studies in which panzergrenadiers
stubborn rearguard actions, they were were heavily involved: firstly, the elite
skilled at delaying the Allied
typically engaged in the thickest fighting Grossdeutschland Regiments offensive
Another major organizational into the following administrative of the war. They fought in both offensive advance through France and action in Operation Niwi and across the
change in policing during the 1930s divisions. At the regional level was Danzig n Knigsberg and defensive mode; as the war went river Meuse at the battle of Sedan in May
n
the Low Countries.
came with the formation of the the Landespolizeibehrde (Regional
EAST against Germany from 194243 it was 1940 during the Fall of France; secondly,
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Police Authority), controlled by
PRuSSIA increasingly in the latter role that they the defensive action of the 12th SS Hitler
Main Security Office; RSHA), which the Lnder authorities or, in the
were deployed. Throughout the war, Jugend (Hitler Youth) Panzer Division
was established in September 1939 case of Prussia and Bavaria, Stettin
as the supreme security office by the Regierungsprsident
n
some of the best units of the German armed forces fought in Normandy in 1944. Chapter Four will then cover the
n Bremen
Berlin Posen as panzergrenadiers. These included the Grossdeutschland panzergrenadiers war on the Eastern Front by examining
in the Third Reich. (The previous (Government President). The next n n

arranged on an individual state basis. This arrangement majority of senior and middle-level
was not suited to a centralized dictatorship, so Hitler, Police posts were filled by men
who were also members of the SS
Gring and Himmler began to shift existing Landespolizei
and thus owed obedience to him...
security office had been known as
the Sicherheitshauptamt.) Headed
by Reinhard Heydrich until his
assassination in 1942, the RSHA
Division, 1st SS Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler Division, 2nd three pertinent case studies: firstly, the German advance on
level of command came with the Hanover
n
SS Das Reich Division, 12th SS Hitler Jugend Division, the Moscow following Operation Barbarossa when it looked as
Kreispolizeibehrde (City/County
Police Authority), headed by various POLAND Brandenburg Division and the Luftwaffes elite Hermann though Germany would capture Moscow and conquer the
Dresden n Breslau Gring Division. Although many of these panzergrenadier USSR; secondly, panzergrenadiers in action during the battle
civic officials depending on the n

(State Police) under SS control, while also establishing Senior ranks who remained in the
new security services such as the Sicherheitspolizei Police and who were not already
members of the SS were pressured
(Security Police; Sipo) and Sicherheitsdienst
into joining; membership became
(Security Service; SD).
a prerequisite for a successful
Police career.
The German police and security services would
(Williamson, 2006)
become both instruments of terror and order, integral
Williamson also goes on to note that
to the ideological and daily life of the Third Reich.
from 1942 all police were issued with
a pay book bearing the SS runes
n The Gestapo often used dogs for lightning swoops on homes and snatches
rather than the Police eagle on the
of suspects. Here, dogs are being trained at the Gestapo School of Canine
became the umbrella organization for
suppressing enemies of the state.
Structured law enforcement
The RSHA was divided into seven
major departments, including two
SD departments (Amt III and Amt VI)
responsible for domestic and foreign
intelligence respectively, and Amt
IV the Gestapo. It also included the
Kriminalpolizei in Amt V (see below).
In terms of their regional and
nature of the territory, and finally
the Ortspolizeibehrde (Local Police
Authority), controlled typically by
a local mayor. While the security
services were the most feared
elements of policing, the main
interface of law and order and
therefore the most pervasive tool of
the domestic SS was the regular
police forces.
Ordnungspolizei
divisions were later reorganised as panzer divisions, even of Kursk in 1943, the biggest tank battle of the war, with
n Cologne with such reorganisation, all panzer divisions, including elite over 6000 tanks and self-propelled guns involved, where the
GERMANY n Kattowice
formations such as the Wehrmachts Panzer Lehr Division, Soviets halted the German advance; finally, panzergrenadiers
n Prague goes unnoticed. The enemy fire begins to slacken noticeably, Above: SS panzergrenadiers crossing a river. River crossings were
always had attached panzergrenadier regiments that would in a defensive role on the borders of Germany in 1944 as the
CZEC go into battle with the armour. Red Army steamrollered west into Poland and Germany. but nevertheless the crossing of the first storm boats, the extremely hazardous and costly operations, and required large
Nuremberg HOSL amounts of courage, as those crossing the river were extremely
n
OVAK To make sense of the widely spread theatres of war These case studies provide accounts of panzergrenadiers engineers, remains a hard task, a task from which many dont
Stuttgart IA come back. In impotent rage, the tank crews watch boats torn exposed to any defensive enemy fire.
n in which panzergrenadiers fought, the two chapters on in a variety of different theatres of war, and show how the
Strasbourg to pieces by direct hits.
n
n Munich
Vienna n the panzergrenadiers war record will focus firstly on the panzergrenadier performed in attack as well as defence. As
will be seen, whether fighting in the woods of the Ardennes, While the tanks remained static, the men of the allowed junior officers and NCOs to react to the situation on
Salzburg Grossdeutschland (and 1st Motorised Rifle Regiment) the ground, and ignore orders if they thought their actions
A common blitzkrieg tactic: whilst the German tanks Should the bridge be blown, tanks would again provide
n
Left: SS panzergrenadiers from Kampfgruppe Hansen smoking
the bocage of Normandy, or the steppes of the Soviet Union, fixed the bridges defenders with their support fire, the supporting fire with the panzergrenadiers, while the pioneers
German panzergrenadiers invariably proved the maxim of attempted to consolidate the bridgehead. The would help achieve the units mission. panzergrenadiers would outflank the position, and race attempted to cross the river in rubber boats. Once across,
AuSTRIA captured American Camel cigarettes, somewhere in the Ardennes
the German army commander of the 1920s, Hans von Seekt: panzergrenadiers operated within the German military The Ju-87 Stuka dive-bomber was invaluable in providing through the defences to capture the bridge intact. they would seize a bridgehead, and build an assault bridge.
during the Battle of the Bulge, 1944. Behind them is a knocked-out

Intelligence at Rotengal.
cover. There was no doubt as to who local arrangements, the police The two major regular police American M8 armoured car. Mehr seins als Schein (Be more than you appear to be). tradition of auftragstaktik (mission-oriented tactics), which mobile fire support for the attacking infantry at the Meuse.
was in charge. forces within Germany were split forces in the Third Reich were the

149
152 153

2 3
 Fighting Techniques How to Look After Your Horse
of a Japanese Infantryman 194145 PETER BROOKESMITH
Leo J. Daugherty III How to Look After Your Horse covers
During World War II, the Japanese all the practical details of horse
armed forces first captured then ownership, as well as delving into
defended large swathes of the Fighting Techniques of the psyche of this most majestic of How to Look After Your Horse
Pacific island groups and the Asian a Japanese Infantryman creatures. The book includes a guide 240 x 189mm (9 x 7)
194145 to breeds, basic handling care and Extent: 192pp
mainland. Fighting Techniques of a
285 x 213mm (11 x 8in) riding techniques, tips for feeding Illustrations: 120 black & white
Japanese Infantryman is an in-depth 96 pages artworks
analysis of the infantrymans tactics, and grazing, and guidelines for
35,000 words Text: 60,000 words
equipment and training, and how that understanding your horses character
50 artworks, 40 photos ISBN: 978-1-78274-591-4
translated into success (or failure) on and history. There is invaluable advice
ISBN: 978-1-78274-600-3 19.99 Paperback
the battlefield, where after 1943 the 14.99 Paperback on choosing a horse, stabling it in the
Japanese fought a skilful and brave most equine-friendly manner, feeding
defence against overwhelming odds. and grooming and riding your horse
in a way that will give you and your
mount the maximum satisfaction.
74 Offensive and defensive TacTics, 19311945 Offensive and defensive TacTics, 19311945 75
72 Offensive and defensive TacTics, 19311945 Offensive and defensive TacTics, 19311945 73

defence would entail different requirements in order to
repel or defeat an enemy landing operation.
Atoll Defences
Atolls were low-lying islets enclosed with a lagoon which
ran anywhere from 3.2km to 105km (265 miles) in
diameter. These islets extended from a few metres to a few
kilometres in length to several kilometres in width. Total
land area of a typical atoll in the Central Pacific area ranged
from a few hundred square metres to 10km (6 miles) in
length. They were rarely more than 7.6m (25ft) above sea
Above: In order to counter a US Marine landing, the Japanese
devised an elaborate system of beach defences. This defenders
eye view shows the barbed wire defences, and beyond them the
mined anti-landing craft defences intended to disrupt a landing.
level, were covered by dense scrub brush and coconut or
palm trees, and were bordered by salt marshes. The water
table was normally only a few feet below the ground, thus
negating the use of extensive trench or dug-in positions.
Here, the Japanese normally built pillboxes and fortified
bunkers. Despite the limitations placed upon the digging
of extensive trench lines, Japanese soldiers constructed
anti-tank ditches and slit trenches that permitted riflemen
to position themselves in the defence.
Japanese defence structures followed no set pattern,
but were made, in general, to conform to the surrounding
terrain in order to meet the immediate tactical
requirements. With only a few exceptions, most defensive
structures were flat and extended no more than 11.5m
(35ft) above ground level, or were irregularly shaped and
built around a base of trees. Japanese manuals on field
fortifications stated: it was most important not to adhere
blindly to set forms in construction work, but to adapt
such work to fit the tactical situation.
When the Japanese Army was forced to take up
defensive positions, it adhered to the basic rule that
construction of defensive positions involved a continual
process of development. Starting out as a foxhole, fighting
hole or slit trench, these were eventually linked to form
a coordinated defence system. The third stage involved
construction of strongpoints, bunker and pillbox types of
earthworks, and log positions.
Japanese Defensive Positions
Japanese positions included bunkers, pillboxes, dugouts,
shelters, blockhouses, rifle and machine-gun emplacements,
foxholes, trenches and anti-aircraft emplacements, and
revetments.
Above: Dead Japanese soldiers line a trench on Namur island,
part of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Few prisoners were
taken here, as those who were not killed in battle took their own
lives by committing hara-kiri.
Bunkers were normally found in those areas where high
water-levels precluded the digging of deep trenches and in
more or less open terrain, such as coconut tree groves or
sugarcane fields, and on the edges of airfields. The finished
interiors of bunkers varied from sizes of 1.21.8m (46ft)
in height, 1.83m (610ft) in width, and 3.79.1m
(1230 feet) in length. Larger bunkers had two bays or
compartments that were separated by a large, solid block
of earth. Each bunker had one or more narrow firing slits
for machine guns. As the Marines discovered on landing,
the neutralisation of these bunkers proved difficult, as
rifle fire often could not penetrate the narrow firing ports.
The Japanese covered these slits up with some form of
camouflage when not in use.
As US and Australian soldiers likewise discovered on
Buna in New Guinea, the bunkers and pillboxes (the latter
referred to as small bunkers) were built around the same
general lines. With a shallow trench as a foundation, log
columns and beams were erected, log revetment walls
constructed, and a ceiling made of several layers of logs,
laid laterally to the trench. With the completion of this
basic superstructure, the revetment walls were reinforced
by such materials as sheets of iron, oil drums, ammunition
Left: The Price of Victory. A member of the US Marine 4th Division
lies dead on the sands of Iwo Jima after being shot in the head
by intense Japanese sniper fire. Snipers were a constant and
unwelcome threat to Allied landing forces.
Warehouses
dispersal area
Hangers
Barracks
Reef
boxes filled with sand, and additional piles of logs. The
outside of the bunker was covered with dirt, rocks,
coconuts and short pieces of logs. Camouflage of these
bunkers consisted of a painted exterior with fast-growing
vines and other types of vegetation.
The defence of a beach on an atoll was centred on
the machine gun and a final protective line. The defence
consisted of a shallow line of strongpoints with a secondary
line of lesser density defences located slightly to the rear
of the main defences. Because of the small size of atolls,
the depth of the defence was limited. Strongpoints
consisted of a group of bunkers and pillboxes, connected
by communication trenches and in mutual support of
each other. Each rifleman who was assigned to protect
the pillbox or bunker had several alternative positions
to carry out his mission. As the situation warranted, the
Japanese infantryman ran from position to position. This
often led to much confusion among Marine and US Army
commanders and troops as to the actual strength of the
defenders. In such positions, Japanese infantrymen made
extensive use of hand-grenades particularly in the defence
of small islands such as Tarawa and Makin in the Gilberts,
and Kwajalein, Eniwetok and Roi-Namur in the Marshalls.
Key
Machine gun
Pillbox
Medium aa gun
coast defence gun
Heavy aa gun
anti-tank ditch
Barbed wire
concrete pyramides (Tetrahedrons)
Log boat barricade
Trenches
Buildings
Mine field
305m 610m
0 (1000ft) (2000ft)
Lagoon
Lagoon
Above: A typical Japanese-controlled atoll in the Pacific, showing
the extensive and varied defensive preparations against any Allied
landing. At the centre of the atoll is the all-important airfield which
would make this an important target for the Allies.
Disrupting an Attack
Japanese defence of these small islands was based on the
idea of breaking up an attack before it reached the shore,
and all coast guns up to 203mm (8in) calibre were sited so
that they could be employed against small boats, landing
craft and any amphibian vehicles carrying assault troops.
Coastal and land batteries had local fire-director control,
with two or three guns positioned with observation
towards various gun positions to give mutual support. Flat
trajectory weapons were used extensively by the Japanese,
in contrast to indirect howitzer-type weapons which were
rarely, if at all, used. The guns were placed well forwards
on the beach where direct fire was then targeted against
the approaching landing craft. Their grouping was shallow
and all weapons were sited with the distinct mission of
defeating the seaborne assault at the waters edge. In this
capacity, the Japanese also used anti-aircraft guns to repel
surface craft and landing vehicles.
As for the types and calibres of gun used, the Japanese
normally employed 76mm (3in) to 203mm (8in) guns.
The 203mm guns were usually in turrets, while the
127mm (5in) and 152mm (6in) guns were separate field
pieces protected by shields. All of these guns were placed
in heavy revetments, with ammunition for the weapons
being stored in covered emplacements near the guns.
Machine guns were situated so as to fire outwards around
the perimeter. Most of these weapons were positioned for
crossfire and covered the beaches with enfilading fire. A
few were situated to fire to the rear of their positions in
case the enemy had managed to achieve a breakthrough
elsewhere and were encircling the guns. Some machine
guns were situated in open emplacements, while others
machine guns were set up in pillboxes.
Those located in the open pillboxes were generally dual
purpose and had wide fields of fire, while those situated
in enclosed pillboxes had a much narrower field of fire.
These latter machine-gun positions were situated to fire in
only one direction. All emplacements were protected by
riflemen positioned in foxholes and trenches around the
fortifications. Some positions were defended by howitzers
and trench mortars, although on Tarawa, because the
Rikusentai had few of these weapons, they instead employed
howitzers in the defence of such positions.
Field Fortifications
Japanese defence of the small islands or atolls was
sports and pastimes
characterised by an extensive use of field fortifications,
which in turn prompted a change in US Marine tactics
and organisation in dealing with them. After Tarawa, US
Marine units organised special assault teams of bunker-
rod while remaining mounted, race to the
bin and drop the carton into it, and charge
busters that employed the method called Findem, back over the start line to pass the rod to
fixem and blastem, which had the task of dealing the next rider. This is not as easy as it may
specifically with Japanese bunkers. The machine guns seem. Some ponies really dont like the sight
were the centre of these bunker and pillbox defences.
or sound of the carton on the stick, flying
These fortifications ranged from simple fortifications of
hooves kick the bin and contents all over
palm logs and sand manned by two to three men, to the
more extensive versions made of concrete and steel, and
the place, and of course the cartons on the
manned by a squad of soldiers. As the Japanese Army was
ground can be blown or scattered about.
Cartons can get trampled so the rider has
forced increasingly onto the defensive, American forces
to dismount to put them back into shape,
encountered more of the latter heavily reinforced defences.
but she must be mounted again before she
Built with concrete and steel, they were relatively safe from
picks one up. Needless to say, the rider is
most smaller calibre shells and could only be destroyed
not permitted to clutch the litter to the stick:
Below: A Japanese pillbox reinforced with coconut logs and
she must use one hand on the rod only. Pray
covered with sand on Tarawa in November 1943. Coconut logs its not a windy day.
were a common material featured in many Japanese bunkers in the For this kind of thing you need a pony
Pacific. that can canter from a standing start and turn
on the proverbial sixpence (or dime). Given
the uproar from spectators and the possib-
ility of mayhem occurring in most mounted
games, this is not work for a highly strung
animal. Its important to have a pony that
is unflappable and will concentrate on the
job in hand. It is by no means impossible to
Mounted games: the litter race
Reckoned the most challenging of mounted
games, this is run as a relay race for teams (as
shown here, with one rider ready at the start
line) or as a straight race for individuals. At
inculcate this kind of attitude, but that does
take time, patience and skill. And if youre
going in for gymkhana, do remember, these
are games. It helps to be a good loser, and
to be tolerant of others mistakes too. Your
good humour will also keep your horse in
good heart.
SHOWJUMPING
Hugely popular as a spectator sport, top-
level showjumping offers big prize money
and is very demanding on horse and rider
but many people jump their horses just for
fun, and not always competitively.
Rules for showjumping are very simple.
Depending on the level of competition,
the course usually consists of eight to 20
obstacles of various heights, up to about 2.2m
(7ft). Jumps may be simple vertical fences
and gates (these are actually among the most
difficult for the horse); walls that look solid,
but with the top row of blocks loose so that
they will fall off easily if the horse knocks
them with his hooves; spreads with, for
example, two or more parallel bars set one
the centre is a dump bin: riders carry a rod,
use it to pick up a carton from the far end,
and dash back to dump it in the bin.
Showjumping: the water jump
Horses are generally wary of water, and one of
the most challenging obstacles in showjump-
ing is over water thats usually hidden behind
a hedge-like jump. The horse has to clear the
behind the other, creating an extended jump
with depth as well as height; the triple bar
(three bars set at graduated heights); a water
jump; and a combination of two or three
different jumps a short distance apart. All
these have to be jumped in a set sequence,
which can be quite labyrinthine. No two
courses are the same: designers work with
the abilities of the competing horses in
mind, and vary colours and textures, types
sports and pastimes
water, which it sees only at the last moment.
Its at such moments that the absolute trust
that must be built up between steed and rider
comes into its own.
of jump, complexity of the approaches and
the level of difficulty accordingly.
The idea is to create a course that only
half a dozen or so horses will complete
without faults within the given time limit.
These are scored as follows: when any part
of a fence is knocked down the pair receives
four faults. If a horse steps on the edge of, or
in, the water jump, the penalty is four faults.
A refusal at a fence receives three faults, and
the nature of the horse
come along with you. And all horses have a
profoundly personal space extending roughly
1.5m (5ft) around them, plus a less intense
one that starts about 6m (20ft) away. A
horse that is feeling awkward will definitely
take umbrage if you storm into this space,
intent on making your presence felt, without
giving a thought to the offence it might
cause him.
Softly, softly
When you approach a horse thats out on grass, go indirectly,
keep any headcollar out of sight, adopt a submissive posture,
and avoid eye contact with the animal. He will read these signs
as a message that you mean no harm, and want to cooperate .
the nature of the horse
But speak a language the horse understands
and you shouldnt have a problem. Slump
Putting on a head collar
your shoulders as you slowly but steadily 1 2
approach. Lower your head. Keep your
hands by your sides or behind your back.
Avoid eye contact and turn your head and
shoulders slightly away from the horse. Talk
soothingly, meanwhile. The rest of you,
though, is speaking the body language of a
submissive, cautious horse
asking for acceptance. You
should be allowed to come
close enough to exchange
greetings (hold out a free
hand for the horse to sniff,
chat and give him some
strokes in return) and then
3 4
put the head collar on. Once
youve done this, always
show your appreciation,
physically and verbally.
If this doesnt work,
and the horse scoots away
(probably not more than a
few metres), retreat quietly
until youre at least 6m
(20ft) away, still retaining
your submissive posture.
Wait for a few minutes, then
advance again. Continue this Approach the horse quietly and submissively 2. Pass your right hand under your
advance and retreat, if need if necessary, so that he can see you coming. horses chin and put it palm down on the
be, until the horse decides Talk as you walk. Exchange greetings. Make bridge of his nose, not so quickly that you
you arent, after all, a threat sure the lead rope is clipped to the head col- make him start, but firmly enough so that you
or a nuisance and lets you lar. Hold the loose end of the lead rope in the have his head under gentle control. Slide the
right up to him. palm of your left hand. Hold the head collar head collar up over his nose so that the nose-
For really determinedly by the noseband in the fingers of the same band is in place. Hold it there with the your
uncatchable horses, hand. Then: left hand.
equestrian journalist Lesley 1. Stand at the horses left shoulder, facing 3. As you slide the head collar on, use your
Bayley suggests walking in the same direction as he is. Some people right hand to catch and bring the headband
down. You will need to set put the lead rope over the horses neck at this round behind his ears. Make all these move-
aside plenty of time for this. point, but it can distract the horse, or slip out ments smoothly so you dont startle the horse,
Just follow the horse around of reach, down the side away from you. So and talk to him all the time.
in his field, maintaining this is by no means a golden rule. Just do what 4. Do up the buckle (not too tight), take
your non-aggressive stance, works best for you and the particular horse, the lead rope in both hands, give a scratch or
but staying close enough to but dont let the rope dangle on the ground. pat as thanks for the cooperation.
keep him on the move. He

20 21 70 71

The Orient Express

Anthony Burton
Having been launched in 1883, in its MARCH 2018 Publication
prime the Orient Express provided a
stylish service that crossed borders, Pawfect Friends
overcoming national interests and The Orient Express
rivalries. The Orient Express traces 297 x 227mm (11 x 9)
jack russell
112pp Playing, protecting, keeping a sleepy
the history of the service, from its
35,000 words eye out for each other even putting
glamorous beginnings, its popularity
90 b/w photos, 10 line artworks up with each others eccentricities
with European royalty and heads of
ISBN: 978-1-78274-602-7 the photographs in Pawfect Friends Pawfect Friends
state, on to its demise in the age of 153 x 153mm (6 x 6)
14.99 Paperback celebrate 90 of the cutest cat and
postwar austerity, the Cold War and 96 pages
dog pairs that you will ever see.
cheaper air travel. Illustrated with 90 colour photographs
outstanding, rarely seen photographs, ISBN: 978-1-78274-586-0
this is a classic portrait of luxury train 6.99 Hardback
travel.

The early years The early years

T urmoil and C hange Turmoil and Change

Ottoman state and its hierarchies, and in its place a modern,

independent, western-style state would be built. That man was
Kemal Ataturk. The Great War was over: civil war in Turkey
was about to begin. Germany was defeated, and was, for a
time at least, to be a pariah rather than a partner in the new
Europe that was being built on the ruins of the old. All these
factors played an important, and in some cases a decisive, part
in discussions on international rail travel.

Train de Luxe Militaire

One thing was very clear: there was no way, at the end of
1918, that the Orient Express could simply be reinstated. The
first move towards restoring railway normality came from the
military, anxious to ensure that the victors would be unimpeded
on their journeys across the continent. In February 1919, the
French minister of war organised the Train de Luxe Militaire,
strictly reserved for high-ranking officers and VIPs. It ran
from Paris via Vienna, Warsaw and Prague to Bucharest. But
there was an equally urgent need to restore something like

right The Simplon-Orient Express at Milan in the 1930s

above A poster of 1905,
showing a variety of
compartment interiors and
concentrating very much
on the luxury on offer,
from the dining car with its
panoramic views to the richly
carpeted salon. Private toilet
facilities may not have been
as romantic, but were still
sufficiently novel to earn their
place in the overall picture.
Left A major improvement to
the service in the 1880s came
with the opening up of a rail
link through Bulgaria, and to
celebrate the event the Orient
Express staff posed for this
photograph at an unnamed
Bulgarian station. The
gentleman in the handsome,
double-breasted uniform
is the chef de train.
en route from Paris to Istanbul. The photograph gives some idea
Another day of coach travel lay ahead, through spectacular
of the thousands of tons of steel used in the stations construction.
mountain gorges, which offered some compensation for the
filthy resting places along the way. The last stage, from Sofia
Below The Wagons-Lits travel agency at Timisoara in Romania
onwards, was the most demanding of all, with rough tracks and
in 1925. As well as advertising the usual luxury trains, it also
extreme gradients that almost brought the horses to their knees.
promotes the trains bleus.
At last, after a three-day journey, the weary travellers reached
the railhead at Tatar-Bazardjik (Pazardzhik). As a place, it had
as little to commend it as the squalid villages passed en route,
but at least here the cramped diligence was left behind for the
comforts of a railway carriage. The accommodation, though not
on a par with that offered by the luxury wagons-lits, must have
normality to ordinary European relations, to provide lines of to Venice and Trieste. But this would no longer be the end Below A simple but effective luggage label, printed in red
seemed heaven after what had gone before. And the company
communication between capitals, to restore economic dialogue of the line: the route would continue through the brand new and green. With an increasing number of routes being run by
made the proud boast that they would now be whirling along
and, just as importantly, to ensure freedom of movement, kingdom of Yugoslavia to Laibach (now Ljubljana), Zagreb and Wagons-Lits, each named express was given its own distinctive
at the dizzy speed of 26 mph (42 kph). The Sea of Marmara
which would send out a clear signal that the continent was, on to Vincovce (now Vinkovci). Here, the train would divide, one
finally came into view, and, at six in the evening, after twelve
indeed, at peace again. It was time to restore the trains de luxe part going to Bucharest and Constanta, the other to Athens via
hours on the rails, the train finally pulled into Sirkedji (now
to the tracks. Thessalonika. And there was to be a new daily link, the Bordeaux-
Sikerci) Station in Constantinople, splendidly sited between the
A conference was held in Paris in March, 1919, organised Milan Express, which would be mainly made up of Wagons-Lits
quays of the Golden Horn and the great dome of Saint Sofia.
by the French, but with the active encouragement of other cars, but with the addition of an ordinary first-class carriage.
There was no getting away from the fact that, regardless of the
governments, including the Swiss, Dutch, Italian and Yugoslav. Milan had suddenly acquired considerable importance in
official purple prose, this was a long and wearisome journey. It is
The aim was to establish the long-term future of international the European rail system, and plans were at once put in hand
not surprising to find that few passengers booked for the through
trains and their routes. At the heart of the proposals was the for a new station. The foundation stone was duly laid, but a
trip: it is simply astonishing that any booked at all. Everyone
newly named Simplon-Orient Express. In general terms, the decade was to pass before Milan Central, the biggest station in
was aware of the shortcomings, not least the railway engineers
aim was to provide a link that would stretch from London, the world, covering 103 acres (42 hectares), was completed. It
building the new lines. Nevertheless, they did their work well,
through Calais or Boulogne, to the Orient. There was no was a most remarkable building, of two seemingly unrelated
blasting and hacking their way through the mountains with
question of sending trains through Germany. As before the parts. The main entrance, concourse and booking hall are
remarkable speed. Early in 1889, the work was complete. On
war, trains were to make their way south through France grandiloquence taken to extremes, a riot of stained glass windows
1 June of that year, a train, composed entirely of Wagons-Lits
and Switzerland, via the Simplon tunnel and from Milan and marbled walls. It was aptly summed up by Jeffrey Richards

26 27
68 69

4 5
 Ghost Towns The Zeppelin
chris mcnab Christopher Chant
From Pripyat in Ukraine to Deception From the first tentative steps at the
Island in Antarctica to thousands of end of the 19th century, through to
empty apartments in Inner Mongolia, important service during World War
from Greek leper colonies to deserted Ghost Towns I, the golden age of airship travel The Zeppelin
Italian mountain villages, Ghost Towns 297 x 227mm (11 x 9) in the 1920s and 1930s, and on to 297 x 227mm (11 x 9)
is a brilliant pictorial work examining 224pp the Hindenburg disaster in 1937, 112pp
lost worlds. With reasons ranging from 10,000 words this revealing book delves deep into 35,000 words
the collapse of local industry to natural 150 colour photographs the history and science of airship 90 black-and-white photos and 10
ISBN: 978-1-78274-550-1 line artworks
disasters to chemical spills, the book travel. Illustrated with many seldom
19.99 Hardback ISBN: 978-1-78274-603-4
explores, in 150 striking photographs, archive photographs, The Zeppelin 14.99 Paperback
100 desolate urban environments from gives a unique insight into one of
around the globe. engineerings most remarkable
achievements.

T ravelling in S Tyle T ravelling in S Tyle Tr avelling in S Tyle T r a v e l l i n g i n ST y l e

Dooley, Montana, USA
This abandoned church is all the
remains of the town of Dooley,
in Sheridan County, Montana.
Dooley was founded in 1913, as
a stop on the Soo Line Railroad
branch line. A settlement grew
there with shops, a post office, the
Rocky Valley Lutheran Church
(seen here) and three large grain
elevators. Yet the town seemed to
have persistent bad luck, with fires,
tornados, pestilence and harsh
winters taking their toll, and it was
abandoned by 1957.

above The two- and four-blade propeller units were identical in

opposite above:
Pompeii, Campania, Italy
One of the many cobbled streets
lacing ancient Pompeii. The raised
stone blocks are stepping stones,
which allowed the citizens to cross
the street when it was wet or dirty,
but permitted cart wheels to pass
through the gaps.
116
166 167
opposite below:
Pompeii, Campania, Italy
A narrow alleyway in one of
Pompeiis backstreets. Many of
the more developed Roman towns
and cities had their streets laid out
in a grid pattern, much as we see
today in modern town planning in
countries such as the United States.
above:
Pompeii, Campania, Italy
An interior passageway in
Pompeiis famous amphitheatre.
The building was constructed in
70 BCE, and like other Roman
amphitheatres it hosted violent
gladiatorial games. Despite
the brutality of its events, the
amphitheatre was a work of superb
architectural sophistication. It was
buried in ash during the Mount
Vesuvius eruption, but it actually
survived the event with surprisingly
little damage, hence historians have
been able to study the buildings
design and how it worked in
exceptional detail.
117
concept, although not in size, to those employed in heavier-than-
air craft.
right Landing was controlled by means of ropes pulled by the
ground crew, and a large bumper under the control gondola
cushioned the impact with the ground.
the LZ62 of 1916 with a greater beam/length ratio, the LZ104
of 1917 with a greater length/beam ratio, the LZ120 of 1919
with a shorter hull and greater beam/length ratio, and from the
LZ126 of 1924 a longer hull of greater length/beam ratio.
structural coNsiDeratioNs
Throughout this period the size of the Zeppelin airships, with
the exception of the LZ120, increased steadily, for the greater
the internal volume of the hull, the greater the volume of the gas
cells that could be incorporated and thus the greater the lift that
could be provided. Size, and the structural considerations that
went along with it, was arguably the single most important con-
sideration in the development of the Zeppelin airship for both
civil and military applications, even though these demanded
a number of different features: in civil airships, for example,
maximisation of the payload/range parameter was all important
whereas a very high speed and good altitude performance were
only very secondary considerations, and in military airships a
high payload was important but in fact came to be subordinated
to the need for the good speed and altitude performance of the
type that was basically irrelevant to the civil airship. The LZ5
(the Imperial German Armys ZII of 1909) had a capacity of
530,000ft3 (15,000m3) and a length/beam ratio of 10.46/1 for
its 446-ft (136-m) hull; the LZ18 (Imperial German Navy L2
of 1913) had a capacity of 953,500ft3 (27,000m3) and a length/
beam ratio of 9.52/1 for its 518-ft (158-m) hull; the LZ40 (and
44
naval L10 of 1915) had a capacity of 1,126,500ft3 (31,900 m3)
and a length/beam ratio of 8.74/1 for its 536-ft (163-m) hull;
the LZ62 (naval L30 of 1916) had a capacity of 1,949,000ft3
(55,200m3) and a length/beam ratio of 8.28/1 for its 649-ft
(198-m) hull; and the LZ104 (naval L59 of 1917, and admit-
tedly an odd man out as it was built for a special purpose) had
a capacity of 2,420,000ft3 (68,500m3) and a length/beam ratio
of 9.48/1 for its 743-ft (226-m) hull. Then, after the end of the
war the first new Zeppelin airship was the LZ120 Bodensee and
this had a capacity of 785,750ft3 (22,250m3) and a length/beam
ratio of 6.46/1 for its 396-ft (120-m) hull. The implication of
the LZ120s design was that the emphasis was no longer being
placed so much on altitude and outright payload-carrying cap-
ability but rather on safety, comfort and general performance.
However, the LZ126 built for the US Navy in 1924 had a
capacity of 2,472,000ft3 (70,000m3) and a length/beam ratio of
6.27/1 for its 660-ft (200-m) hull; the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin
civil airship of 1928 had a capacity of 2,650,000ft3 (75,000m3)
and a length/beam ratio of 7.76/1 for its 774-ft (236-m) hull;
and the ultimate LZ129 Hindenburg civil airship of 1936 had
a capacity of 7,000,000ft3 (198,000m3) and a length/beam ratio
of 5.95/1 for its 800-ft (245-m) hull.
liFtiNg the airshiP
The hydrogen gas that provided the Zeppelin airships lift was
contained in the so-called Traggaszellen (gas cells). In the early
airships these were made of a heavy cotton fabric covered with
a rubber coating. Experience revealed that this combination was
too porous to prevent gas escaping from the cells and pooling
under the upper part of the outer covering, so the company
45
miles (1,700km), the military and naval airships provided great-
er lift and longer range, typically about 24,500lb (11,100kg)
and 1,300 miles (2,100km) respectively. The demands of
World War I then resulted in an enormous expansion of lift/
range capability, and while the LZ40 (naval L10 of 1915) had
a lift of 35,000lb (15,900kg) and possessed a range of 2,600
miles (4,200km), the comparative data for the LZ62 (naval L30
of 1916) were 61,700lb (28,000kg) and 4,600 miles (7,400km)
and those for the LZ61 (naval L21 of 1916) were 99,200lb
(44,500kg) and 7,455 miles (12,000km).
Between 1912 and 1914 the Viktoria Luise carried 9,738
service persons including crew and 2,995 fare-paying passengers,
on 489 flights totalling 33,750 miles (54,310km) in 981 flying
hours, while during the autumn of 1919 the Bodensee carried
4,050 persons including 2,253 fare-paying passengers on 103
trips totalling 31,851 miles (51,258km) in 532 flying hours. different types of gondola. The first of these, attached under
The later commercial airships of course had longer ranges, and
the LZ127 could cover 6,370 miles (10,250km) and the LZ129
8,390 miles (13,500km). The lift of the LZ127 and LZ129 were
66,140lb and 132,275lb (30,000kg and 60,000kg) respectively.
52
porcelain.
Accommodation on the Zeppelin airships evolved from the
very spartan open gondolas of the LZ1 to the luxurious fully
enclosed spaces of the LZ127 and LZ129. The gondola of the
LZ1 was large enough for the crew, engine and basic operation-
al equipment. Over the following period there appeared three
(naval L1) earlier airships had relied on battery-powered light-
the walkway, was a watertight assembly with a rounded front
and a pointed rear. The second of these, which first made its
appearance on the LZ36 (naval L9), was an enclosed control
gondola about three times larger than it had been to provide
53
above The luxury of Zeppelin airship travel, here on the
LZ127, was emphasised by the use of monogrammed silver and
Left The dining saloon of the LZ127 offered comfortable
accommodation, full waiter service, a good selection of wines,
and the choice of hot or cold food.
accommodation, which now included a pilots compartment,
the radio operators compartment, an officers compartment
and a position for a defensive machine-gun. The third of the
gondola types was of a shorter length and introduced on the
LZ95 (naval L48). On the LZ120 Bodensee intended for civil
use, the gondola was considerably lengthened to the rear and
now included a pilots compartment and a passenger section
with a lounge and other compartments.
Provision for the crew was altogether more austere, and
comprised simple accommodation along the sides of the walk-
way inside the hull, where provision was made for hammocks
to be slung. It was only with the advent of the ocean-crossing
airships with their considerably longer endurance that more
comfortable provision was made for the crew, who then enjoyed
the benefits of sleeping cabins and common rooms.
Other features that came to be added to the standard
equipment of Zeppelin airships included electric lighting by an
engine-driven generator, and this first appeared in the LZ14
ing. Radio equipment was first used in the LZ6 (military ZIII),
and the standard of flight and navigation equipment steadily
improved, ranging from the compass and barometer of the LZ1
to the full suites of equipment typical of the LZ127 and LZ129.

The Pan Am Clipper

The Military Quiz Book roy allen
John Pimlott The Pan Am Clipper: The History of
Arranged chronologically, The Military Pan Americans Flying-Boats 1931 to
Quiz Book contains 1,750 questions 1946 covers one of aviation historys
(and answers) ranging from the most inspiring and magical periods. The Pan Am Clipper
ancient world to the present day, The Military Quiz Book One of the most romantic planes 297 x 225mm (11 x 9)
from personalities and quotations 235 x 153mm (9 x 6)
ever built, flying in a Clipper was 112pp
to battles and campaigns, from 128pp 100 b/w photos & 10 line a/ws
intended to rival a great ocean liner.
weapons to uniforms. Written by a 45,000 words 35,000 words
ISBN: 978-1-78274-605-8 Illustrated with more than 100 archive
former instructor in war studies at photographs, this impressive book is
ISBN: 978-1-78274-604-1
12.99 Paperback 14.99 Paperback
Sandhurst, this is an excellent book for a tribute to a technical wonder that
professional quizzes, challenging your continues to fascinate many people
friends, or just reading alone. today.

E A R LY M ODE R N 1 6 0 0 1 9 1 4 A N S W E R S M ODE R N F ROM 1 9 1 4 Q U E S T I ON S

A N C I E N T A N D M E DI E VA L TO 1 6 0 0 A N S W E R S E A R LY M ODE R N 1 6 0 0 1 9 1 4 Q U E S T I ON S D own T o T he Se a D own To T he Se a D own T o T he Se a D o w n T o T h e S e a

Answers I Questions 56
a. They commanded the French armys ill-fated Genoese crossbowmen. a. Which self-styled Napoleon of the West was also known as the Immortal
b. Claudius. Three-Fourths and the Hero of Tampico?
c. Richard I. b. Who, on witnessing the Charge of the Light Brigade, exclaimed, Cest magnifique,
d. A sharp, many-pointed device usually of metal, that when scattered could break up mais ce nest pas la guerre. (It is magnificent, but it isnt war.)?
enemy cavalry or infantry attacks by piercing hooves or the soles of shoes. (In more c. At which English Civil War battle did Sir Jacob Ashley offer the prayer, Lord, thou
modern parlance, a calthrop is a similar device used for stopping wheeled vehicles by knowest how busy I am, or will be, this day; if I forget thee, do not thou forget me.
piercing the tyres). March on, boys.?
e. An early form of handgun. d. Who would be equipped with Patu Onewa and Toki Poto?
f. Narses was a eunuch. e. What is the meaning of the name Apache?
g. Armour to protect the shoulder. f. Who said to a captured deserter, Come, come, let us fight another battle today: if I
am beaten we will desert together tomorrow.?
Answers 2 g. Who said, In war something must be allowed to chance and fortune seeing it is,
a. Aetius. in its nature, hazardous and an option of difficulties.?
b. Three,
c. Although the combat was to be on foot, at a vital moment one knight mounted his Questions 57
horse and charged into the English. a. Who was the highest-ranking officer to be killed in the American Civil War?
d. So they would bend when they penetrated enemy shields, rendering the shields b. When was Gibraltar first taken by British forces?
unusable, and also becoming useless themselves, c. The Battle of Batoche (1885) ended which Rebellion?
e. A sling mounted on a staff for throwing large projectiles. d. What type of weapon was manufactured by Chevalier et Grenier, Bollee and Gabert?
f. Count Belisarius. e. Who was the real DArtagnan?
g. The Due de Berri. f. Who said, The Ancients had a great advantage over us in that their armies were
not trailed by a second army of pen-pushers.?
Answers 3 g. What was the nickname of Rimingtons Scouts in the Second Anglo-Boer War?
a. Mohammad II and Constantine XI.
b. Alesia. Questions 58
c. Patay(l429). a. Which 17th Century general held to the maxim that war should feed war?
d. To assault a walled city: it was a solid formation where locked shields defended b. Which engineer improved Sevastopols defences during the Crimean War?
infantry against missiles from the sides and from the top. c. Who was the last British monarch to accompany his men into battle?
e. Yeni ceri literally new troops. d How old was Don John of Austria when he won the Battle of Lepanto (1571)?
f. Sennacherib, King of Assyria. d. Who said, The whole art of war consists in getting at what lies on the other side of
g. A jacket lined with iron scales. the hill, or, in other words, what we do not know from what we do know.?
e. Who said, The success of my whole project is founded on the firmness of conduct
of the officer who will command it.?
f. Why did the British Armys Colonel Hale adopt the skull and crossbones
and motto or Glory for his newly raised regiment of Light Dragoons
(later the 17th Lancers) in 1759?
Answers 56
From 1914
a. Mexican President-General Antonio de Lopez Santa Anna.
b. French General Bosquet. left PAA publicity map of the period show- added for both mail and passengers. The journey took seven impression on senior officers in the service.
c. Edgehill (i642). ing the widening coverage of the Caribbean hours and fifteen minutes and was the first trans-continental He turned down jobs with aircraft makers William Boeing
d. Maoris. They are a type of club and long-shafted tomahawk. and South American services. air route in South America. Mail contracts were obtained by and Glenn Curtiss, and incorporated the Consolidated Aircraft
e. It is derived from a word meaning enemy. Questions I NYRBA from the governments of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Corporation in the State of Delaware on 29 May 1923. He
f. Frederick the Great. a. Where did the Tiger beat the Rabbit? end, had been developed from nothing In November of that year, authorisation was obtained from the gained a first order from the military for twenty TW-3 training
g. James Wolfe, in a letter of November 1757. b. Which two countries fought the Soccer War? more than large fields to purposeful landing Brazilian government to operate within that country; a week aircraft, which on modification was renumbered the PT-1.
c. In which conflict did the first helicopter assault from the sea take place? sites. These accommodated the military later a new route was opened from Buenos Aires to Asuncion, A further contract for the PT-1 was placed in 1924, for fifty
Answers 57 d. What did the Butt Report of August 1941 prove? fighters and bombers and observation Paraguay. The former US Assistant Secretary of Commerce for aircraft, at which point Fleet moved the production facilities to
aircraft which carried on their destructive Aeronautics, W. P. McCracken, became chairman of the board. Buffalo, New York, where he took over a former Curtiss factory.
a. Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston, commander of the Army of Mississippi, e. According to British Army legend, what is the most dangerous thing in the world?
tasks over the 191418 period and which ONeill bought Ford Tri-Motors for his services, three Further orders followed for training aircraft, for the navy
killed at Shiloh (April 1862). f. Where did the multi-national Dunsterforce serve at the end of World War I?
had been large fields and open areas for the Sikorsky S-38 amphibians and six Commodore flying-boats as well as army, and by 1927 Consolidated Aircraft was
b. In 1704, during the War of Spanish Succession. The acquisition was formalised in 1713 g. Which medal was known to its recipients as the Order of the Frozen Meat?
original European aviation experiments. from the Consolidated Aircraft Corporation, of which Reuben making money. Further military designs followed, including
at the Treaty of Utrecht, The Wright Brothers had brought the Fleet was the owner. While the Sikorsky S-38 was an adequate a new bomber, the Guardian, which was a joint venture
c. Louis Riels Metis uprising in present-day Manitoba. Questions 2
aeroplane to Europe as a landplane and craft, seating eight passengers and offering the dual functions of between Consolidated and Sikorsky, produced when Fleet and
d. The Mitrailleuse (early French machine gun). a. Which British naval officer commanded a squadron of armoured cars in Russian Igor Sikorsky had agreed to collaborate on what had been a
that was how it was viewed, with a few land and seaplane at the handling point, the Commodore was
e. Captain of the I st Company of Louis XIVs Mousquetaires de la Garde from 1667 Galicia during the War of Intervention of 1917-19? experimenters attempting flights from the above A truly memorable sight for those fortunate enough an advanced new machine which would seat 22 passengers, and Sikorsky design. Significantly, Sikorsky, a former competitor
until his death at the siege of Maastricht in 1673. b. Name the communications route that ran between Port Moresby and Buna rivers, such as the Seine. to experience it the view from an S-42, somewhere over the represented the first of a new breed of water-borne craft. of Consolidated, came to play a more significant role with Pan
f. Napoleon. in New Guinea in World War II. There had been no such war and no Caribbean. American than did Consolidated. Indeed, Trippe was already
g. Tigers, because of the wild-cat skin worn around their headgear. c. What was a Big Wing? such military aviation in the United States enter tHe Flying-boat using a fleet of Sikorsky S-38s by the time of the NYRBA
challenge.
d. What kind of warship is the Kiev?. and consequently no purposely constructed activities on the water-borne aircraft. The general view in the The Commodore was originally designed for naval patrol work
landing grounds. Governments had put countries of the region was that if the United States wished to by Fleets company. It was a sizeable craft for its day, with a NRYBA was gaining ground in an area which Trippe had
Answers 58 e. What was renounced by countries signing the Briand-Kellogg Pact of 1927?
their money behind military aerodromes operate air services permission would be granted, but that was all wingspan of 100ft (30m), a length of 68ft (21m) and overall already been working hard to call his own, and on 18 February
a. Wallenstein. f. Who described the Argentine invasion of the Falklands as, a most ungentlemanly act?
in Europe to provide for their new military that could be expected from local governments, many of which height of 16ft (5m). It was powered by two Pratt & Whitney 1930, ONeill launched the first through service between Miami
b. Colonel Todleben. g. Which famous child care specialist was prominent in the anti-Vietnam War movement?
craft (for which they had shown little or no were generally impoverished and often corrupt. Hornet engines, each developing 575hp, and the gross weight of and Santiago, using the east coast route via Brazil. In a great
c. George II at Dettingen, 1743. interest prior to the war) and there was no Pan Americans actions in this area were furthered by a the aircraft was just under 18,000lb (8200kg). Its designed range flourish of publicity he gained the services of no less than Mrs
d. 23. He owed his command first to his status as a bastard son of the Emperor Questions 3
such requirement in the United States. A development among the airlines which led to an early takeover was 1000 statute miles (1609km), and with a cruising speed of Herbert Hoover, the Presidents wife, to christen a Consolidated
Charles V and half-brother of Philip II of Spain and secondly to his successful a. Who was the first British Secretary of State for Defence? number of enlightened towns or states had and the acquisition of a new fleet for Pan American. In March 100mph (161kmh) and a capability for carrying 22 passengers,
campaign against the Spanish Moriscos (1569-70). b. How many Indo-Pakistan Wars have been fought since the partition of 1947? seen the potential for air services as a result 1929, a new company was formed in New York called the the Commodore was, all-in-all, a fine craft. It was a product below In its airline form, the Commodore carried a total of 22
e. The Duke of Wellington. c. What did the Soviets dub the Circle of Death? of the US Post Offices air services, but the New York, Rio and Buenos Aires Line, or NYRBA, and this of the company founded by Reuben Fleet in May 1923, the passengers and cruised at 100mph (160kmh). It was used in
f. Frederick the Great, Instruction to his Generals. d. n World War I, how was the German Staaken R-VI aircraft better known? sum total of designated aerodromes in the represented a direct challenge to the Aviation Corporation of Consolidated Aircraft Corporation. the Caribbean.
g. In memory of his friend and comrade-in-arms, General James Wolfe, killed at e. Which two Latin American countries contributed forces to Allied operations in whole of the United States in the 1920s was the Americas. The head of the company was Captain Ralph Fleet was a self-made businessman with six years experience
just over 1000. ONeill, a former World War I fighter ace and later a Boeing in the US Army Air Service. Later, when war added to the above The S-42 was probably Sikorskys finest flying-boat. It landing bases than from over-water crossings of great distance.
Quebec in the same year. World War II?
The situation was worse in Central salesman in South America. ONeill had seen the enormous demands for aeroplanes, Consolidated Aircraft Corporation was seated up to 32 passengers and cruised at 150mph (240kmh). Trippe had strong political influence in the US Post Office
f. Who said, in 1944, The real trouble with the Yanks is that they are completely
America and the Caribbean, with proper potential for air transport in that transport-starved continent to become one of the largest aircraft manufacturers in the United This aircraft served with Pan Am until July 1946. Department, however, and conflict soon arose between NYRBA
Answers 59 ignorant as to the rules of the game we are playing with the Germans. You play so
landing grounds being virtually non- and had gone to New York to look for backers for his proposed States. Like the Trippe family, Fleets forebears had their roots and Pan American. Pan American held the US mail contracts
a. The Duke of Cumberland, so nicknamed because of his activities after the Battle of much better when you know the rules.?
existent. The practical necessities of a airline. He found them in the form of an impressive collection of in England, and his father had reached the Pacific Northwest Commodore for this service. Having begun services with as far as Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, and NYRBA found its
Culloden(l746). g. In which war did the Commonwealth Division fight?
Caribbean service precluded the use of industrialists, which included Reuben Fleet of the Consolidated by way of Kansas City. After finishing school, Fleet entered the NYRBA in November 1929, the Commodores had already path blocked for mail and passenger traffic across the gap from
b. Union General George Thomas, landplanes, as routes were either over water Aircraft Corporation, F. C. Munson of the Munson Steamship Culver Military Academy in Indiana, graduated in 1906, and been successful enough for ONeill to increase his original Port of Spain, Trinidad, along the chain of islands to Miami.
c. The War of Heavenly Peace. or across short stretches of land. In most of Line, W. B. Mayo of the Ford Motor Company, J. E. Reynolds for a brief period was a school teacher in Washington. He then order for six to fourteen. It might be said that the US Navys Relations became strained and conflict continued and reached

Questions 59 d. A light cannon used in the English Civil War. the countries of the Antilles, West Indies of International Founders and Lewis Pierson of the Irving Trust started his own business and became a real estate dealer. With his loss was NYRBAs gain, for while the navy had turned down a critical point. The US Post Master General took issue with
e. Navarino. and Central America, landing grounds Company. Pierson brought in his son-in-law Richard Bevier as first flight in 1914, he became an immediate convert to flying. the Commodore, Fleet found a ready buyer for a commercial NYRBAs cut-price mail rates. The Post Master General made
a. Who was the bloody butcher? were mostly of the most primitive type vice-president, together with J. K. Montgomery. These three Fleet became a member of the Washington State Legislature version of the aircraft in NYRBA the airline in which Fleet it clear that he would not award any US mail contract for an
b. Who was known as the Rock of Chickamauga? f. Captain Jenkins, a merchant captain whose ear was allegedly cut off by Spanish
or non-existent. In contrast, the building had been partners in the original Pan American Airways and had and introduced a bill appropriating $250,000 for aviation was a major investor. east-coast route to Buenos Aires to any other company than Pan
c. The bloody Taiping Rebellion (1851 -65) was also known by what name? forces that captured his vessel in the Caribbean. This incident sparked off popular
of harbours for flying-boats was relatively left when Trippe and the AVCO organisation took over their training in the National Guard. The Bill died, but Fleet had Both Consolidated and NYRBA came out well from this American, and with so many countries in the region pledging
d. What was a saker? fury in England and forced Prime Minister Walpole, unwillingly, to go to war with easy and both climate and water conditions company and began the first flights to Cuba. attracted attention and was among 11 men to be chosen for pilot deal: it had a beneficial effect for Consolidated, for it provided exclusive allegiance to Pan American, NYRBAs economic
e. Admiral Sir Edward Codrington versus Ibrahim Pasha. Which battle of 1827? Spain in 1739. were favourable. As Pan Americans In July 1929, a proving flight was made with a Ford Tri- training in the scheme that had come from his Bill. He made work on the 14 aircraft, and the deal gave ONeill an excellent problems mounted. Despite a high standard of operations,
f. Who was Jenkins of the War of Jenkins Ear? g. Louis XIV. route network lengthened, so did its Motor to Buenos Aires and the first NYRBA scheduled service his first flight from San Diego in 1917, and joined the military aircraft for the South American services. The Commodores NYRBA passenger figures were as limited as its mail traffic and
g. Who said, If there is one area where severity is necessary for a sovereign, it is with above The interior of an S-38, illustrating the wonderful views that were requirement for landing sites. Accordingly opened on 21 August 1929 from the Argentine capital to when the United States entered World War I in 1917. He left (whose naval name had been Admiral) had the capability for it was actually losing money on its operations.
regard to his soldiers.? enjoyed by passengers on these early flights. Pan American decided to concentrate its Montevideo. In September, a Buenos AiresSantiago route was the Air Service in 1922, during which time he had made an long ranges which resulted more from the shortage of adequate Pan American did not itself receive US mail rights for the
58 71
8 57
22 23 24 25

6 7
 Fighting Techniques The Kriegsmarine
of a U.S. Marine 19411945 david porter
Leo J. Daugherty III The Kriegsmarine reveals the
Fighting Techniques of a US Marine workings of the German Navy
19411945 is a detailed examination through its organization, command
of how the individual Marine operated Fighting Techniques structure, economic resources, WORLD WAR II GERMANY:
of a U.S. Marine 19411945 production figures, recruitment, The Kriegsmarine
during World War II, the organisation 240 x 189mm (9 x 7)
285 x 213mm (11 x 8in) training and philosophy. Broken
of Marine units, and the weapons and 96 pages 192pp
equipment used, illustrating why the down by campaigns and subject
35,000 words 50,000 words
Corps was such a powerful force in areas, the book includes reference 150 photos, diagrams and maps
50 artworks, 40 photographs
the Pacific. Detailed artworks show the tables, diagrams, maps and charts, ISBN: 978-1-78274-596-9
ISBN: 978-1-78274-601-0
uniforms and other equipment worn by 14.99 Paperback presenting all the core data in 19.99 Paperback
Marines throughout the conflict. easy-to-follow formats. This is an
essential reference guide for anyone
interested in the history and structure
of Germanys wartime navy.

su b m a rines o f th e Krieg sm a rine su b m a rines o f th e Krieg sm a rine u - b o a t o pera tio ns u-boat ope rat ions

66 Marine Battlefield tactics and techniques, 19421945 Marine Battlefield tactics and techniques, 19421945 67 74 Marine Battlefield tactics and techniques, 19421945 Marine Battlefield tactics and techniques, 19421945 75

into operational use in 1939 due to sinking 11 Allied vessels and Type II was its tiny size. Known unsuccessful. They underwent have been found to be relatively expected to score considerable

War I proved anything, the battlefield had been dominated
by the artillery and machine gun, and in assault after
assault, Again, was decisively shown the great importance
U-boats
U-BOAT SUCCESSES (1944)
that war, as found later in the US Armys landmark 1923 front of a critical area or, as was the case on Okinawa, could part of the island, where the Japanese were dug in along the the shortage of later submarines. damaging two others. It was scuttled as the Einbaum (Dugout Canoe), it a severe test during their first immune to depth charges because, successes. The reality was very
FSRs and IDRs. As the nature of the fighting shifted from assist in the exploitation of a wavering enemy line of defence, Shuri Castle line, its open-country terrain permitted a greater Both boats had short but successful on 1 July 1940 after sustaining severe had some advantages over larger operation, but despite negligible due to their shape, they offer so different in the entire period from
the jungles of the Solomon Islands to the coral atolls and and thus allow the Marines to follow through quickly with an use of all three arms tanks, artillery or mortars, and infantry. Conventional U-boats came close to winning the Battle of the Atlantic in 194043 but combat careers. U-25 made five war damage from attacks by the Flower- boats, as it could operate more successes, the operations were of little resistance. They are tossed 1 January 1945 to the wars end, January 11

of artillery to infantry. Infantry alone without material, volcanic islands of the Central Pacific, the fighting came attack. During the Okinawa campaign Private Jack Wiggins, Supported by an attached Army 4.2in (107mm) mortar unit, were defeated by increasingly effective Allied counter-measures. In an attempt to regain patrols, sinking eight enemy ships. On class corvette HMS Gladiolus and an safely in shallow water, dive more the greatest value. aside like a cork instead of being manned torpedoes and midget February 14

makes little progress. If the enemy combines personnel
and material, we must do the same or lose the game. In
a direct parallel to the fighting on Tarawa (1943) and later
during the savage fighting on Saipan and Peleliu in 1944,
and on Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945, the Marine Brigade
lost 112 officers and 4598 men in one months fighting in
to resemble more and more that endured by the Marines who served with the 29th Marines during the fighting on the which provided highly-effective suppressive firepower, the 3 August 1940, while on a minelaying RAAF Sunderland flying boat. quickly, and was difficult to spot All the defects which might damaged. The crews have submarines made 254 sorties from March 16
the initiative, German naval yards produced highly sophisticated vessels, which were to
during World War I. Oroku Peninsula and rode into battle atop a Sherman tank, tanks of the 1st Marine Division and its supporting infantry mission near Norway, U-25 struck a when surfaced due to the low never have been discovered in gained considerable confidence in their Dutch bases. They lost 102 April 9
influence submarine design for the next 50 years. mine and sank with all hands. Type II U-boats conning tower. However, it had a the Baltic showed up under the their equipment and future mass of their number and sank just 15 May 4
stated: Once dismounted, we could then direct and exploit were able to close in at greater quarters with the Japanese,
U-26 carried out eight war patrols, The principal characteristic of the shallower maximum diving depth, severe conditions in the Hoofden operations of Seehunde under merchant vessels totalling 18,078 June 12
their firepower to the utmost against the Japs. and prevented them from using their suicide squads against
Jungle Fighting and Small unit Type IA U-boats The submarine was based on the Versailles). The Type I later served as and can thus be corrected. They favourable weather conditions are tonnes (17,792 tons). July 14
the Marine tanks. In fact, working with Lieutenant Colonel
OperatiOnS, 19421943 The Type I U-boat was the outcome Finnish Vetehinen class and the a basis for the development of other August 17
Okinawa Jeb Stuarts 1st Tank Battalion, the Marines developed a
of the first attempt to produce an Spanish Type E-1, both of which classes, primarily the Type VII and

Final Operations, 194445

20m September 8
Belleau Wood. With such losses, and with the nature of For Marines, Guadalcanal was a war of small unit operations. It was on Okinawa, in fact, that Marines refined their tank new method of protecting tanks and reducing vulnerability to ocean-going submarine for the were designed by Ingenieurskantoor the Type IX. October 4
the open warfare fighting that General John J. Pershing Indeed, many of the tactical innovations used by the infantry tactics, and successfully employed two techniques the infantry in the assault. This method, according to Marine Kriegsmarine. Only two, designated voor Scheepsbouw (the Dutch The two Type IA boats, U-25 and 15m
November 5
and other American commanders insisted upon, Marine Marines had been used by their predecessors in France, in that further enhanced the striking power of both these Colonel Wilburt S. Brown, placed an artillery observer in one Type IA, were completed, as service dummy company set up by the U-26, were commissioned in the
December 11
officers concluded at the wars end that the battles they Central America, primarily in Nicaragua, and on the islands Marine arms. As the Marines pushed toward the southern of the tanks with a radio to one of the 155mm [6.1in] howitzer trials revealed poor seaworthiness Reichsmarineamt in 1922 to develop spring of 1936, serving as training 10m
Type IA As Dnitz impatiently awaited the re-equipment of all front-line U-boats with the
length: 72.5m (237ft 10in)
participated in during the fighting offered many lessons for of Haiti and the Dominican Republic during the interwar battalions. Wed also had an aerial observer overhead. We and an inability to dive quickly, U-boat technology and to circumvent vessels. Despite their technical Schnorchel, increasing evidence of the build-up of Allied invasion forces put paid to his
5m
the operational and tactical nature of future wars. In fact, era. Even with the deployment to China in the 1920s and used 75mm [2.95in] pack [howitzers] and LVT-As [armed coupled with mechanical unreliability. the limitations set by the Treaty of limitations, they were both brought
Japanese defences on part of the island of Tarawa as iden- hopes of renewing the battle against the Atlantic convoys.
the US Army later incorporated many of these same lessons 1930s, as Marines guarded the US legations compound, with 75mm howitzers] that had an air burst capability. If any 0m
tified by the intelligence section of the 2nd Marine Division
0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m 100m U-BOAT SUCCESS IN TONNES (1944)
in its 1923 Field Service Regulations (FSRs) and Infantry the leathernecks developed the basic tactical formation of a prior to the attack on 20 November 1943. Every inch of the Jap [suicider] showed anywhere we opened fire with an air
20m 96,241
Drill Regulations (IDRs) that Marines studied and trained rifle company comprised of three rifle platoons composed beach was covered by sandbags and barricades. burst and kept a pattern of shell fragments patterning down Surface Speed Submerged SpeedSubmerged Speed As early as February 1944, 10 new but immediately returned to his A losing battle 100,000 (94,721 tons)
92,922
(91,454 tons)
by during the interwar era. Thus when the US Marines of six fighting teams of four Marines each. Each fire team around the tanks. Marine tanks likewise shuttled fresh troops
Type IIA
speed: 12.8km/h (6.9 knots) 15m Type VIIC U-boats earmarked for HQ, Koralle, near Berlin, ordering All Dnitzs rhetoric could not alter 76,017
(74,816 tons) 67,103 63,146 62,380
Corps entered World War II, many of its senior officers had was led by a senior private or junior non-commissioned
Type IIB
speed: 13km/h (7 knots)
operations in the Atlantic were 17 of Gruppe Landwirts boats to the impossible odds that the (66,043 tons) (62,149 tons) 58,327
(57,406 tons)
(61,395 tons) 51,605 54,123
(50,790 tons) (53,268 tons)
either seen combat in France during the last war, or had officer, and due to its tactical flexibility could be employed Wire Type IID
speed: 13.7km/h (7.4 knots)
10m diverted to Norwegian bases attack invasion shipping whilst the U-boats faced by early July, 50,000
24,815 25,597

4.1
Type I Type IIA in response to Allied deception remainder patrolled the Bay of Biscay 10 U-boats had been sunk whilst

80 ) ant
(24,423 tons) (25,193 tons)
been well-grounded in the tactical and doctrinal lessons of in an independent action. Upon the expansion of the

guns

in
speed: 15.4km/h (8.3 knots) length: 40.9m (134ft 2in)

to
Type IID 5m
speed: 23.5km/h (12.7 knots) measures that hinted at dual assaults to guard against further possible attempting to attack the stream 1685

10 airc
Above: A Marine rifle squad fords a stream on Guadalcanal in two decades later, Guadalcanal closely resembled Vietnam, Type IIA (1659 tons)

5m ra
ine
against France and occupied landings on the French Atlantic coast. of supply traffic to the Normandy

i-
speed: 24km/h (13 knots) 0

m
Type I

mach
mid-August 1942. For the Marines, jungle conditions such as this which was also a war waged by small units. Marines, armed Type IIB 0m January February March April May June July August September October November December

(3.2 gu
speed: 34.4km/h (18.6 knots)
speed: 24km/h (13 knots) 0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m 100m Scandinavia. These formed Gruppe He also issued a typically forthright beachheads, and virtually all the
were common in the early part of the war, before the fighting observation

ft
with rifles, bayonets, hand grenades, mortars, machine the fact that the Sherman found itself outgunned in Europe,

to
One- or two-man foxholes gave Marines protection Above: A Marine tankinfantry team in action on Bougainville in
Mitte, which was reinforced by a order to their commanders: Every survivors had been damaged. They
vy
Complement 20m

hea
moved to open coral atolls such as Tarawa.

ns
against sudden Japanese banzai attacks or artillery fire. guns, and 37mm anti-tank guns used primarily as anti- mid-1943. Close cooperation between the tanks and Marines at least by the more powerful German Tiger and Panther
anD
46
further 12 boats in March. Also in enemy vessel supporting the landing, had sunk two frigates, four freighters boats sortied from Norwegian bases Admiralty report: By mid-December When they reached their inshore
The foxholes were intended to protect most of a Marines forged an effective combined arms team which was capable of Type I 15m
personnel weapons and normally against bunkers fought 40
tanks, Marines skillfully employed their tanks very effectively March, Gruppe Landwirt with even though it may be carrying only and one tank landing ship, besides to cover the withdrawal, only one of the U-boat campaign had gradually operating areas, they could exist for
guns

body whilst allowing him to aim and fire his weapon easily. ant to dealing with most Japanese threats.
Marine Corps, however, and with the issuance of the off daily Japanese banzai attacks or sought out the elusive i-ai 75
as infantry assault weapons. Furthermore, for those tanks Type IIA 24 15 Type VIIC boats was formed at 50 men or a tank, is a target. Press damaging a frigate and a freighter which, U-482, achieved any success, changed since August 1944 into a lengthy periods without molestation
m 10m
rc m
E-Tables of Organization, the Marine rifle team went from Japanese snipers, and engaged in constant patrolling. disabled though not destroyed, Marine maintenance crews Brest to provide a striking force home your attack, even at the cost a tiny fraction of the Allied shipping sinking four merchant vessels and a condition of stalemate in the inshore as long as they committed no hostile
-boat

ra (1.6 24 Type IIB

ft Type IIB length: 42.7m (140ft 1in)
/bo to
four to six men, with the average Marine squad being From the start, Marine infantry and artillery commanders at 3in right to the front line by dropping them underneath the hull worked round the clock and restored practically every one 5m to counter the anticipated cross- of your boat. Should it be necessary supporting the invasion forces. corvette. Its achievement prompted operational areas. Both sides had act. It was only when they attacked
anti

gu ) Type IID 24
twelve Marines: squad leader, six riflemen, and two BAR effectively used the terrain on Guadalcanal to their ns
e from inside the tank, as well as assisting in the evacuation of of them, and, as a result of their ingenuity, the assault Channel invasion. The Gruppe was to close with the enemy landing Overwhelming Allied air and sea Dnitz to adopt the strategy of the made technical advances which and hit a target that surface craft
ir
W 0m
and two assistant BAR men, all armed with M-1 Garands advantage in order to maximize the effectiveness of their wounded Marines, placed aboard through the crews escape infantry battalions never lacked for armored firepower, 0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m 100m
steadily reinforced over the next fleet, pay no regard to the danger power had secured the cross- inshore campaign for the rest of the tended to cancel each other out. The were provided with a datum point for
Torpedoes
or BARs. All Marine formations had been organized on the weapons. Thus, Marine positions were usually dug in and hatches in the bottom of the tank, or, less safely, strapped mobility, and shock action. The concept of Marine Type I 14
20m few months, totalling 36 boats of shallow water, mines or other Channel sea lanes, and on 5 July war an offensive against the mass U-boats had adopted the snorkel an immediate retributive hunt and
triangular organization of three squads per platoon, three anchored along the rivers and ravines that bisected the stores onto the outside of the tank. combined-arms task forces was now well underway. Type IIA 5 immediately before D-Day. hazards. Each soldier and each Allied forces in Normandy passed the of shipping in British coastal waters. and possessed an efficient search counter-attack.
bomb-proof Type IIB 5
bomb-proof
Type IID 5
15m Including boats at sea, a total of weapon destroyed before reaching one million mark. This was feasible only for Schnorchel- receiver which together nullified the
ns

platoons per company, three companies per battalion, and main line of resistance located at Henderson Airfield, and ammo storage barracks Marine tanks played an important role in cracking the
gu

three battalions per regiment, and finally three regiments allowed the leathernecks to effectively employ all of their Japanese defensive line anchored on Kunishi Ridge through 73 U-boats were within range of the the beachhead diminishes the The Allied breakout from the equipped boats which, to everyones improved airborne radar and the Tables turned
ne

Findem, Fixem, and BlaStem taCtiCS, 10m

massive Allied invasion fleet on enemys chance of victory. A U-Boat Normandy beachhead in August surprise, proved they could operate in increased concentration on flying The point that the U-boats relatively
hi

Completed Type IID

mac

plus supporting arms per division. firepower. their elimination of Japanese General Ushijimas veteran length: 44m (144ft)
19431945 Type I 2
5m 6 June 1944, but crucially only 25 of which inflicts losses on the invasion forced most of Gruppe Landwirts such a heavily defended area without A/S patrols. U-boats had, by the immunity was dependent upon their
y

Marines on Guadalcanal and on Tulagi likewise front-line troops that had manned these positions. Also Type IIA 6
av

Ditch
anti-tank
Drainage or Type IIB 20 these were fitted with Schnorchel. forces fulfils her highest mission and boats to evacuate the Biscay bases suffering crippling losses. end of 1944, become almost immune not attacking was the main factor
he

Guadalcanal developed countermeasures to deal with Japanese positions an supporting the Marines was the M-7 Priest self-propelled In order to counter the overwhelming fire superiority of the Type IID 16
D

ti Dnitz was on leave when news of justifies her existence, even though and head for the relative security of The situation at the end of the from detection or attack while on in limiting losses to Allied shipping
an

-ta airstrip 0m
Tactically, the Guadalcanal campaign vindicated Marine carved into the sides of ridge lines and in caves. As would be 105mm (4.1in) howitzer, that added more firepower to a Americans, the Japanese, starting on Guadalcanal, as 1stLt 0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m 100m
ns

nk
the Normandy landings came through she herself may be destroyed. Norway. Seven Schnorchel-equipped year was summed up by a post-war passage to and from the British Isles. during this period. Between August
gu

training, which focused on small unit operations with the the case later in the war on Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa, Marine assault with its ability to punch through the many Herb Merillat recounted above, retreated to fixed positions
at
i-bo

emphasis being on initiative and tactical flexibility. Thus, Marines belonging to the 1st Raider Battalion, commanded steel and concrete bunkers and pillboxes along the Shuri and fortifications. This then involved both Marines and
ant

machine gun 32 33 100 101

the tactics employed by Marines were primarily lineal
in nature due to the defensive nature of the campaign.
According to Sergeant George MacGillivray, who served
One-man Two-man on a 37mm (1.45in) gun crew, the nature of the fighting
foxhole foxhole
usually involved units no larger than companies and as
small as squads. In fact, for the Marines who fought there
by Colonel Merritt A. Edson, spent the majority of the
fighting on Guadalcanal and Tulagi destroying Japanese
machine guns that had been built inside the mouths of
Wir
caves, blasting them with satchel charges of dynamite and
explosives or canisters of gasoline with grenades attached.
Marine First Lieutenant Herbert L. Merillat provided an
5in (127mm)
CastleSugar Loaf Mountain areas. On Okinawa, tanks soldiers in a costly war of attrition that did not let up until
naval turrets
bomb-proof
functioned as the supreme direct-fire, close-in support the wars conclusion in August 1945. In fact, this strategy
ammo storage weapon for the assaulting infantry. Tanks could go where of attrition became evident as the earlier Japanese tactics
machine
e gun artillery couldnt, and destroy what the latter couldnt see. of contesting the Marines landings gave way to a defence-
e guns
heavy machin By the battles end, 51 Marine Shermans had been in-depth, with a series of interlocking fortifications and
guns anD
anti-boat guns anD heavy machine guns anti-boat
destroyed by Japanese artillery and anti-tank guns. Despite pillboxes built into a solid defensive network. This first

The Luftwaffe
S. Mike Pavelec
The Italian Front The Luftwaffe reveals the workings
michael e. haskew of the German Air Force through
The Italian Front is a superbly its command structure, economic
illustrated history of the original resources, production figures, WORLD WAR II GERMANY:
second front in Europe, including recruitment, training and philosophy. The Luftwaffe
artworks of key materiel and uniforms, Campaigns of World War II: Broken down by campaigns and 240 x 189mm (9 x 7)
and campaign maps showing the The Italian Front subject areas, the book includes 192pp
movement of troops in the theatre. 297 x 227mm (11 x 9in) reference tables and maps, presenting 50,000 words
With detailed appendices containing 256 pages 150 photos, diagrams and maps
all the core data in easy-to-follow
70,000 words ISBN: 978-1-78274-597-6
orders of battle, losses and formats. The Luftwaffe is an essential
45 artworks, 230 b/w photos, 10 19.99 Paperback
equipment, The Italian Front builds into reference guide for anyone interested
colour maps
a comprehensive account of the 1944- ISBN: 978-1-78274-606-5 in the history and structure of
45 campaign in Western Europe. 22.99 Paperback Germanys wartime air force.

INVa SIO N O F pO LaND tO th e FaLL O F Fra Nce INVa SIO N O F pO LaND tO th e FaLL O F Fra Nce INVa SIO N O F pO LaND tO th e FaLL O F Fra Nce INVaSION OF pOLaND t O t he FaLL OF FraNce

Invasion of Poland, September 1939 them off. Further German infantry

then moved in to clean up the rear
areas, gathering prisoners. If the
and on the ground. With the Germans
attacking out of Germany, occupied
Czechoslovakia and East Prussia,
LUFTWAFFE STrEnGTH
(SEPTEMBEr 1939)
POLISH CAMPAIGn AIrCrAFT COMPArED

4m
LUFTFLOTTE 2 AIrCrAFT STrEnGTH (SEPTEMBEr 1939)

Hs 126 45
On the morning of 1 September 1939, German tanks rolled across the Polish border and Germans encountered strongholds, Poland faced a triple threat. Type Total
Junkers Ju 87
length: 11m (36ft) He 45 13
Do 17
Luftwaffe planes flew attack missions into Poland. Two weeks later, the Soviets attacked the Luftwaffe targeted them with Staffeln 302 65
Bf 109
bombers. This method of warfare Airfields bombed ready crews 2370
Poland from the other side; Poland was doomed. Operational combat aircraft 2564 2m
proved extremely successful. The Luftwaffes primary targets were
Luftflotten 1 and 4 were the Polish airfields. For the Luftwaffe to 254
The Luftwaffe began the campaign which had been the tactic of World Panzers (tanks) spearheading the two main commands in the Polish gain (and maintain) air supremacy, He 111

122 / Anzio and Monte Cassino
Chapter six
they were confronted only by the 94th
Division, which was thinly stretched from
the river to the town of Terracina 48km (30
with an assortment of aircraft: War I, the Germans reconceived attack and supported from the air, campaign. Twenty Kampfgeschwader the Polish Air Force would have to airfields were quickly destroyed, and 0m
Anzio and Monte Cassino / 123 0m 2m 4m 6m 8m 10m 12m 14m 16m 18m 20m
strategic bombers, air-superiority warfare, incorporating the latest were incredibly successful against (bomber groups) of He 111 and Do be destroyed. Fighters covered the the few fighters they had, were shot 204
4m
fighters and dive-bombers. The technology. Air units coordinated the Polish forces, who 17 aircraft faced Poland, ready bombers as the Polish airfields were down. In the first few days of the
down steadily. It was virtually impossible to collection totalled 4000 aircraft: 1200 by radio combined with fast-moving were simply unprepared for the to bomb it into submission. There targeted. Many Polish planes were war, the Polish Air Force ceased to
construct bridges during the first 24 hours. fighters Messerschmitt Bf 109s mechanized ground units (armoured German onslaught. were also five Stukageschwader caught on the ground on the opening exist. Over 800 aircraft (of which no n Luftflotte 2 was the organizational destruction caused but had brought had been victorious, the Germans
Nevertheless, 10 full battalions of and 110s; 1200 medium bombers and motorized) to penetrate deep In the opening phases of the (Stuka groups), flying Ju 87s at the day, and as the conflagration more than 400 were modern types for 2m Messerschmitt Bf 110C command for the Polish campaign. with it a cost. In addition, the high- had learned valuable lessons about

Anzio and
miles) to the north and had yet to experience
combat. In planning their defences the
German commanders had hoped that the
length: 12.3m (40ft 6in)
infantry crossed the Garigliano and Senger Heinkel He 111s and Dornier Do into enemy territory, avoiding battle for Poland, German Panzer point of the Blitzkrieg spear. Polish opened, the Polish Air Force was combat operations) were either shot Above are the numbers and types of intensity combat of Blitzkrieg, as attrition, tactics and the need for
soon began to realize the gravity of the 17s; about 400 Junkers Ju 87 dive- pockets of resistance and cutting units supported by Luftwaffe forces facing them were primarily destroyed. Its PZL aircraft were down or destroyed on the ground. aircraft ready for operations against well as air combat with the Polish increased production.
situation. Bypassing Vietinghoff in the chain bombers; and around 1200 transport, off front-line troops from supply bombers and dive-bombers drove unmechanized ground troops. hopelessly outclassed by the German In ground combat, the Blitzkrieg the Poles in September 1939. Air Force, indicated the high attrition
0m

Monte Cassino
natural barrier of the river itself and 24,000
thickly sown mines might provide enough
assistance to stymie a crossing. The attack
commenced at 9 p.m. and combat engineers
worked to clear the mines and mark exits
of command, Senger telephoned Kesselring, reconnaissance, liaison and obsolete and command. This lightning war, deep behind Polish forces, cutting Without a viable air weapon, and Bf 109 fighters, but a few were able tactics were also successful. The 0m 2m 4m 6m 8m 10m 12m 14m 16m 18m 20m rate of modern warfare. Even flying
who realized a British breakthrough to the 4m
types, the last-mentioned of which defined by surprise, manoeuvre and with few anti-tank weapons, the to harass the German bombers. Poles had little defence against with a wary eye. against the Poles, with their inferior
Liri Valley would outflank the defences of
were being phased out but were coordination, worked best against n Number of Luftwaffe squadrons Poles were outmatched in the sky Unfortunately for the Poles, their either the German dive-bombers or anti-aircraft weapons and obsolete
Monte Cassino, unhinge the Gustav Line and Dornier Do 17Z
force a retreat of the entire XIV Panzer Corps still useful against the outclassed an acquiescent adversary, and came prepared for operations September length: 15.79m (51ft 9in) Combat record aircraft, the Germans incurred high n Poland lost 335 aircraft in the

on the far bank while German artillery came toward Rome. Polish air effort. to define the German way of war 1939. At this early stage of the war, 2m The record of the Luftwaffe in the losses. Over the course of the four- campaign most of its air force. The
LUFTWAFFE BOMBEr, DIvE-BOMBEr & GrOUnD-ATTACk AIrCrAFT STrEnGTH (SEPTEMBEr 1939)
The attempt to outflank the Germans at Cassino by in subsequent years. Also known the number of observation and Polish campaign was instructive; week campaign, the Germans lost Germans lost 281 aircraft shot down,
Lightning war as Combined Arms Warfare, these bombing squadrons were higher many lessons emerged. Strategic 281 aircraft of all types in combat and another 263 or 273 (depending
landing at Anzio ended in failure as the Allies became The new German battle doctrine of methods aimed at attacking enemy than fighter squadrons; German
Ju 87
bombing of Polish cities had while accounting for the destruction on source) damaged, only 70 of
bogged down in the beachhead. Blitzkrieg was put to the test. Instead weak points with overwhelming force twin-engine bombers were effective
0m
0m 2m 4m 6m 8m 10m 12m 14m 16m 18m 20m been successful in terms of the of 335 Polish planes. While they which could be repaired.
of sending massive numbers of men and exploiting gains quickly. The as the front line of attack in German 4m

into the attack across a wide front, combined attacks on Poland, with blitzkrieg combined arms attacks. 366
Polish PZL P.11
He 111H
length: 7.55m (24ft 9in) POLISH AnD GErMAn AIrCrAFT LOSSES COMPArED

LUFTWAFFE SqUADrOn STrEnGTH (AUGUST 1939) 2m POLAnD

above reported missing and more than 500 were undefended Cedro Hill after failing to capture
Marked with the distinctive lost to exposure to the elements and such it four days earlier, and two tough days of 400
reconnaissance squadrons He 111P
black cross, the German maladies as trench foot. Most of the missing fighting by the 168th Infantry, 34th Division 335
0m

S
SdKfz Marder II self- armoured infantrymen eventually turned up, secured Cervaro after a lengthy artillery 55 GErMAny
Staff units 0m 2m 4m 6m 8m 10m 12m 14m 16m 18m 20m recce
ergeant Ross Carter, a veteran of the Eighth Army remained before the Gustav propelled assault weapon but among the dead was a heroic combat bombardment and air strikes. Now, Clarks 13 Wing Span Maximum Speed 63
Bomber squadrons Bf 109
arduous campaign in Italy, observed Line defences north of the Sangro River was armed with a 75mm engineer sergeant, Joe C. Specker. army was drawn up to the banks of the He 111E 349
Ju 87 67
Christmas Day 1944 amid the misery of around Ortona. 90 38 13.8m (45ft 3in) Bf 110
(2.95in) cannon and a light Advancing along the slope of Mount Rapido, facing the heart of the Gustav Line Dive-bomber squadrons Do 17Z Do 17
12
30
battle-scarred Monte Sammucro. Below, the Although it had appeared that an machine gun. This version Porchia under cover of darkness, Specker defences, which were located beyond the 27 He 111 44
Fighter squadrons Bf 110C 16.3m (53ft 4in) Ju 87 17
town of San Pietro lay in ruins, its destruction amphibious operation intended to outflank remained in production had been sent forward by his company opposite bank of the stream. Approximately 40 Ju 87 Hs 123 14
Pursuit-interceptor squadrons 212 speed: 390km/h (242mph)
so thorough that the surviving civilians did the Gustav Line defences and facilitate the until 1944. commander on a reconnaissance of enemy 90,000 troops of the German XIV Panzer 27 Do 17E P.11
Transport
naval
12
22
not bother to salvage much of anything. They drive for Rome had been cancelled for Ground-attack squadrons Do 17Z 18m (59ft) speed: 390km/h (242mph) Damaged
positions in his units path. When he returned Corps were entrenched in the positions 3 119 Do 17Z
rebuilt their town some distance away, leaving good, the stillborn Operation Shingle was Specker reported that a German machine gun around Cassino, along the river and in the Weather recce squadrons Do 17M 40 speed: 425km/h (263mph)
1 Ju 88 18 10.72m (35ft 2in)
the heaps of rubble and jumbled remains of rapidly revived as a result of two events, nest and several snipers were located directly vicinity of Sant Ambrogio. naval aviation squadrons Hs 123 40
P.11 Bf 110C
speed: 560km/h (348mph)
their former homes as mute testimony to the the restructuring of command in the 20 70/263
in the path of his company. He volunteered
ravages of war. Mediterranean with a distinctive British to take a machine gun forward to place fire on bayonets and grenades
For 17 days, we had existed on the peak, perspective and the illness of Prime Minister the German positions and set out alone with While the fighting heated up in the east, the Germans, the latter turning their attentions westwards while the former watched German intentions
wrote Carter, in freezing weather, constant Winston Churchill. The Italian campaign the weapon and a box of ammunition. Eighth Army sector on the Adriatic remained 42 43 46 47
rain, icy winds and inconceivable danger. In had long been Churchills favourite, and The sergeants Medal of Honour citation quiet, and it was conceivable that if Clarks
all that time we had never washed our hands the Mediterranean Theatre was of particular reads: He was observed by the enemy as offensive succeeded reinforcements could be
or shaved, and had managed to get our boots interest to him. Well aware that the window he walked along and was severely wounded forthcoming from the area of inactivity.
off three times. Lice were eating the hide of opportunity for a notable success in Italy by the deadly fire directed at him. Though On 12 January the 2nd Moroccan and 3rd
off our bodies and desperation was eating out was rapidly closing, Churchill departed the so seriously wounded that he was unable to Algerian divisions were launched against the
our hearts. conferences at Cairo and Teheran decidedly walk, he continued to drag himself over the mountains north of Cassino.
The desperation in the Allied ranks was, to pessimistic about the prosecution of the jagged edges of rock and rough terrain until Under French command, these units gained
a degree, being felt on a strategic scale as the war there. he reached the position at which he desired to 6.4km (4 miles) in four days, often fighting
frustrating advance toward Rome proceeded set up his machine gun. He set up the gun so hand-to-hand with the Germans. Bayonets
at a snails pace. Progress had been slow, Churchill in turmoil well and fired so accurately that the enemy and grenades were frequently employed
even at times non-existent. The prospects for Physically exhausted, the Prime Minister was opposite machine gun nest was silenced and the at close distances. Vietinghoff decided to
immediate forward movement seemed to be diagnosed with pneumonia while in Tunis to An American infantryman remainder of the snipers forced to retire, abandon nearby Mount Trocchio without leFt
fleeting at best as the bulk of Allied resources visit General Eisenhowers headquarters on takes up a position in enabling his platoon to obtain their objective. a fight so that Senger would have adequate The devastation of war is
were funnelled to England in preparation for 11 December. During a week in bed he was the ruins of a house at SGT Specker was found dead at his gun. forces to contest a river crossing and defend apparent in this view of the
the Normandy invasion. For all intents and consumed with worry and finally decided that Monte Cassino. The Allies His personal bravery, self sacrifice, and the entrance to the Liri Valley. shattered wreckage of an
purposes the Italian campaign had reached a something must be done to rejuvenate the attempted four times to determination were an inspiration to his When the British 5th and 56th divisions Italian village. Only the
stalemate. By mid-December the Fifth Army campaign in Italy. The solution, he reasoned, take the heights and the officers and fellow soldiers. launched an assault by boat and amphibious bell tower of a church
offensive had ground to a halt, while the was the amphibious operation. His sights set Benedictine abbey which British troops subsequently occupied an DUKWs across the Garigliano on 17 January remains standing, and the
crowned it. ruins still smoulder.

8 9
APRIL 2018 Publication The Pacific War
ANDREW WIEST AND
GREGORY L. MATTSON
The Third Reich From the attack on Pearl Harbor in
chris mcnab 1941 to the bombing of Nagasaki
The Third Reich covers the in 1945, The Pacific War examines Campaigns of World War II:
geography, economy, political in depth the whirlwind Japanese The Pacific War
structures, legal framework, military victories of 1941-42, and how the 297 x 227mm (11 x 9)
organization, social policies and WORLD WAR II GERMANY: Allies organised a counterattack, 256 pages
ideology of Hitlers Germany. Maps The Third Reich gradually forcing the Japanese on 70,000 words
range from pre-war annexations to 240 x 189mm (9 x 7) 65 maps and artworks, 210 b/w
to the defensive. The authoritative
the location of concentration camps, 192pp photos
50,000 words
text is complemented by full-colour
while charts offer information as ISBN: 978-1-78274-607-2
150 photographs, diagrams and maps and artworks of the uniforms, 22.99 Paperback
diverse as industrial output and armoured fighting vehicles, aircraft and
maps
verdicts at the Nuremberg trials. ISBN: 978-1-78274-598-3 ships with specification tables that
Packed with hundreds of maps and 19.99 Paperback took part in the campaign.
graphs, this book offers wide-ranging
data on one of the twentieth centurys
most complex regimes. 122 / Anzio and Monte Cassino Anzio and Monte Cassino / 123

Chapter six
they were confronted only by the 94th down steadily. It was virtually impossible to
Division, which was thinly stretched from construct bridges during the first 24 hours.
the river to the town of Terracina 48km (30 Nevertheless, 10 full battalions of

Anzio and
miles) to the north and had yet to experience infantry crossed the Garigliano and Senger
combat. In planning their defences the soon began to realize the gravity of the
German commanders had hoped that the situation. Bypassing Vietinghoff in the chain

Monte Cassino
natural barrier of the river itself and 24,000
thickly sown mines might provide enough
assistance to stymie a crossing. The attack
commenced at 9 p.m. and combat engineers
worked to clear the mines and mark exits
on the far bank while German artillery came
The attempt to outflank the Germans at Cassino by
landing at Anzio ended in failure as the Allies became
bogged down in the beachhead.
of command, Senger telephoned Kesselring,
who realized a British breakthrough to the
Liri Valley would outflank the defences of
Monte Cassino, unhinge the Gustav Line and
force a retreat of the entire XIV Panzer Corps
toward Rome.

above reported missing and more than 500 were undefended Cedro Hill after failing to capture
Marked with the distinctive lost to exposure to the elements and such it four days earlier, and two tough days of
black cross, the German maladies as trench foot. Most of the missing fighting by the 168th Infantry, 34th Division

S
ergeant Ross Carter, a veteran of the
arduous campaign in Italy, observed
Christmas Day 1944 amid the misery of
battle-scarred Monte Sammucro. Below, the
town of San Pietro lay in ruins, its destruction
so thorough that the surviving civilians did
not bother to salvage much of anything. They
rebuilt their town some distance away, leaving
the heaps of rubble and jumbled remains of
their former homes as mute testimony to the
ravages of war.
For 17 days, we had existed on the peak,
wrote Carter, in freezing weather, constant
rain, icy winds and inconceivable danger. In
all that time we had never washed our hands
or shaved, and had managed to get our boots
off three times. Lice were eating the hide
off our bodies and desperation was eating out
our hearts.
The desperation in the Allied ranks was, to
a degree, being felt on a strategic scale as the
frustrating advance toward Rome proceeded
at a snails pace. Progress had been slow,
even at times non-existent. The prospects for
immediate forward movement seemed to be
fleeting at best as the bulk of Allied resources
were funnelled to England in preparation for
the Normandy invasion. For all intents and
purposes the Italian campaign had reached a
stalemate. By mid-December the Fifth Army
offensive had ground to a halt, while the
Eighth Army remained before the Gustav
Line defences north of the Sangro River
around Ortona.
Although it had appeared that an
amphibious operation intended to outflank
the Gustav Line defences and facilitate the
drive for Rome had been cancelled for
good, the stillborn Operation Shingle was
rapidly revived as a result of two events,
the restructuring of command in the
Mediterranean with a distinctive British
perspective and the illness of Prime Minister
Winston Churchill. The Italian campaign
had long been Churchills favourite, and
the Mediterranean Theatre was of particular
interest to him. Well aware that the window
of opportunity for a notable success in Italy
was rapidly closing, Churchill departed the
conferences at Cairo and Teheran decidedly
pessimistic about the prosecution of the
war there.
Churchill in turmoil
Physically exhausted, the Prime Minister was
diagnosed with pneumonia while in Tunis to
visit General Eisenhowers headquarters on
11 December. During a week in bed he was
consumed with worry and finally decided that
something must be done to rejuvenate the
campaign in Italy. The solution, he reasoned,
was the amphibious operation. His sights set
SdKfz Marder II self- armoured infantrymen eventually turned up,
propelled assault weapon but among the dead was a heroic combat
was armed with a 75mm engineer sergeant, Joe C. Specker.
(2.95in) cannon and a light Advancing along the slope of Mount
machine gun. This version Porchia under cover of darkness, Specker
remained in production had been sent forward by his company
until 1944. commander on a reconnaissance of enemy
positions in his units path. When he returned
Specker reported that a German machine gun
nest and several snipers were located directly
in the path of his company. He volunteered
to take a machine gun forward to place fire on
the German positions and set out alone with
the weapon and a box of ammunition.
The sergeants Medal of Honour citation
reads: He was observed by the enemy as
he walked along and was severely wounded
by the deadly fire directed at him. Though
so seriously wounded that he was unable to
walk, he continued to drag himself over the
jagged edges of rock and rough terrain until
he reached the position at which he desired to
set up his machine gun. He set up the gun so
well and fired so accurately that the enemy
opposite machine gun nest was silenced and the
An American infantryman remainder of the snipers forced to retire,
takes up a position in enabling his platoon to obtain their objective.
the ruins of a house at SGT Specker was found dead at his gun.
Monte Cassino. The Allies His personal bravery, self sacrifice, and
attempted four times to determination were an inspiration to his
take the heights and the officers and fellow soldiers.
Benedictine abbey which British troops subsequently occupied an
crowned it.
secured Cervaro after a lengthy artillery
bombardment and air strikes. Now, Clarks
army was drawn up to the banks of the
Rapido, facing the heart of the Gustav Line
defences, which were located beyond the
opposite bank of the stream. Approximately
90,000 troops of the German XIV Panzer
Corps were entrenched in the positions
around Cassino, along the river and in the
vicinity of Sant Ambrogio.
bayonets and grenades
While the fighting heated up in the east, the
Eighth Army sector on the Adriatic remained
quiet, and it was conceivable that if Clarks
offensive succeeded reinforcements could be
forthcoming from the area of inactivity.
On 12 January the 2nd Moroccan and 3rd
Algerian divisions were launched against the
mountains north of Cassino.
Under French command, these units gained
6.4km (4 miles) in four days, often fighting
hand-to-hand with the Germans. Bayonets
and grenades were frequently employed
at close distances. Vietinghoff decided to
abandon nearby Mount Trocchio without leFt
a fight so that Senger would have adequate The devastation of war is
forces to contest a river crossing and defend apparent in this view of the
the entrance to the Liri Valley. shattered wreckage of an
When the British 5th and 56th divisions Italian village. Only the
launched an assault by boat and amphibious bell tower of a church
DUKWs across the Garigliano on 17 January remains standing, and the
ruins still smoulder.

Hitlers Masterplan Tracking a Serial Killer

chris mcnab
Chris mcnab This gripping, fully-illustrated true
What would Europe have looked crime book explores a range of serial
like if Nazi Germany had been murderers in an innovative format,
victorious in World War II? What were using timelines both of the murderers Tracking a Serial Killer
the unrealized plans for a Europe WORLD WAR II GERMANY:
Hitlers Masterplan lives but also precise hour-by-hour 240 x 189mm (9 x 7)
dominated by the Third Reich? timelines of the crimes. Featuring 25 192pp
240 x 189mm (9 x 7)
Arranged in chapters covering topics killers from the 19th century to the 50,000 words
192pp
such as leadership, war, physical present day, the book enables the 100 b/w photographs
50,000 words
infrastructure, empire building, 150 photographs, diagrams and reader to understand some of the ISBN: 978-1-78274-613-3
race, culture and weaponry, Hitlers maps thinking of men such as Ted Bundy,
16.99 Hardback
Masterplan reveals the true scale of ISBN: 9781782745945 Andrei Chikatilo and Volker Eckert.
Hitlers vision for a Greater Germany 19.99 Paperback
and a world dominated by Nazi
ideology.

2061_112-117_GREY.qxd 28/5/10 10:46 Page 116 2061_156-163_GREY.qxd 28/5/10 11:55 Page 158 2061_156-163_GREY.qxd 18/6/10 12:35 Page 159
2061_112-117_GREY.qxd 18/6/10 11:42 Page 117

116 | CHAPTER THREE: PREDATORS 158 | CHAPTER FOUR: FEMALE MURDERERS AILEEN WUORNOS | 159
DAVID BERKOWITZ | 117

paranoid schizophrenic, Dale would end up was hard to see how the life of Aileen Wuornos
t he p h y s i c al r eic h t h e p h y s ic a l reich the physical reich the physical reich A witness near the scene of the shooting reported made their arresta fact that seemed to amuse Timeline of a Murder
incarcerated in mental institutions following could get much lower.
a car speeding away with a parking ticket on its Berkowitz. convictions for child abuse. Although it was a
windshield. Police checked both the parking blessing that Aileen would grow up free from his DESCENT 1: May 19, 1990. David Spears of Bradenton, Florida, 3: Having had sex, Wuornos produces the .22 handgun she
tickets issued that day and cross-referenced them JUDGED TO BE SANE informs his boss (Spears is a heavy equipment operator) carried with her. She shoots Spears a total of six times,
influence, there remains the question of what The 1980s marked a new, and appalling, era in the

State Architecture Imperial Plans to the description of the vehicle. The information The subsequent trial of David Berkowitz rested that he is going to be heading up to Orlando, to visit his killing him at the scene.
Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF; German this state organization eventually there to promote workers rights, genetic legacy Dale left his unwanted daughter. life of Aileen Wuornos. Having squandered an
NuReMBeRG RALLY GROuND, 1940 pointed to a vehicle registered by one David largely upon evaluations of his mental healthhe ex-wife. He sets off that day from his workplace in
Labour Front). Created on 10 May came to manage the affairs of 20 including improving workplace (Dale hanged himself in 1969.) opportunistic marriage and a sudden inheritance, Sarasota. 4: Wuornos dumps Spears body along Interstate 75 in
1933, and headed by Dr Robert Ley, million workers. Ostensibly it was conditions, stabilizing wages across Berkowitz of 35 Pine Street, Yonkers. Further quickly confessed to the shootings, so responsibility Diane finally had enough of her responsibilities she embraced crime as her principal means of Citrus County. She has removed the license plate and
key industries and providing worker One of the most visible reminders of the new National Socialist regime was its state 0 3000ft
Although Hitler oversaw huge public works during his time in power, he envisioned an details about Berkowitz provided by Sam Carr led was not in question. Most of the evidence seemed to when Aileen was four years old, and abandoned 2: While traveling through Citrus County, he picks up leaves the doors to the vehicle unlocked.
education. Although it did achieve and party buildings. even greater future for Germany and its architecture. Berlin, in particular, was to have police to be confident that they had their man. point to Berkowitz being a sufferer of paranoid her and her brother. The duty of raising them  The Last Resort Bar in Port Orange, Florida, the Aileen Wuornos. It is likely that they had sex, as a used
AVeRAGe WORkING HOuRS FOR GeRMAN WORkeRS, 192944 0 1000m
some elements of these goals, at its The police quickly swooped on Berkowitzs schizophrenia. His apartment, for example, was condom was later found near his naked (apart from a 5: Later, at Ormand Beach, Wuornos pawns a set of
become Welthauptstadt Germania (World Capital Germania) quite literally, the centre passed to their Finnish grandparents, Lauri and scene of Wuornos arrest for an outstanding warrant
50 heart the DAF was committed simply During the 1920s and early 1930s, Bahnhof address. They spotted his car, in which the police scrawled with messages such as I kill for my baseball cap) body. machine tools that match the description of those taken
THe ReICHSkANZLeI (ReICH CHANCeLLeRY) Dutzendteich of the world. Britta Wuornos, who lived in Troy, Michigan. The (not a murder charge). Only when she was in custody
to exploiting the German workforce there had been much debate 1 2 Kdf-Stadt found a duffel bag holding ammunition and a master. Yet other psychiatrists believed that the from Spears truck.
49.1 move did not bring the security nor love the did police begin to connect her with the murders.
49.1 for maximum profit and productivity. amongst architects, and interested 23 22 rifle on the back seat, plus a letter written in the apparent madness was a pretence, and pushed that
49 24 N 3 children desperately needed in these formative
Wages did increase in small annual party members, about the To demonstrate this status, it would high, similar in style to the Arc de (although given to Speer to realize), handwriting and style of the Son of Sam. They he be found sane as well as guilty. This viewpoint
48.7 increments, but these increases were appropriate architectural style to 4 have to be transformed into a place Triomphe in Paris. The north-south this building was much inspired by years. Later Aileen alleged that she was sexually
5 put the car under observation, and eventually prevailed, and on June 12, 1978 he was sentenced
48 48.3
often offset by a leap in working manifest National Socialist ideology 8 13 of transcendent grandeur, the perfect avenue known as the Avenue of the Pantheon of Rome, but was on abused by her grandfather and beaten regularly by
47.6 Groer
11 12
Berkowitz emerged from his apartment block and to 365 years in prison for six murders. He is in both grandparents. Whatever the reality of these
hours by 1939 many workers in key in stone. One of the most influential Dutzendteich vision of a thousand-year empire. Victory ran through the arch, and an even greater scale. The height at
47.6 15 climbed into the vehicle. The police rushed in and prison to this day. claims, it is true that she grew into a disruptive and
47
industries were putting in working voices to emerge from the chatter 7
12
The guiding lines of Welthauptstadt would be five kilometres (three miles) the summit of the dome was to be
46.5 26
weeks of 70-plus hours, with few was Paul Schultze-Naumburg, an Kleiner
Germania were to be provided in length. At the northern end was 290m (950ft) from the street, while aggressive adolescent. She was sexually promiscuous
4
10
46.0 outlets to redress grievances. ardent nationalist who struck a chord Bestehende Dutzendteich by two huge avenues, forming a to be a huge open forum, the Groer the domes diameter would measure by the time she was 12 years old, and had her first
46
11 10 Timeline of a MurdererBerkowitzs Shootings
Furthermore, wage deductions to with Hitler. Gebade 6 14 crossroads at their meeting point. Platz (Great Square), dominated by 250m (820ft). Inside, three tiers of child at the age of 15it went straight to adoption.
compulsory state schemes (including Schultze-Naumburg condemned 1 Luitpoldarena At the intersection was to be a huge the vast, domed Volkshalle (Peoples seating would have enclosed an Shortly afterward, her grandmother died, and both
D AT E VICTIM AGE D E TA I L S
45 membership of the DAF) also reduced the industrial starkness of modernist 9 14 triumphal arch more than 100m (328ft) Hall). Sketched out by Hitler himself echoing, lofty space the building children became wards of court.
2 Gefallenendenkmal
salaries further, the total deductions architecture, and instead wanted 6 15 July 29, 1976 Donna Lauria 18 Both Lauria and Valenti are shot outside Donnas home in From then on it was downhill fast for the young
3 Rednerkanzel 7
by 1939 averaging about 18 per cent. a return to traditional German 16 17
Jody Valenti 19 Pelham Bay. Lauria is killed and Valenti injured. girl. By the time she was in her late teens, she was
44 44.4 STRuCTuRe OF THe ReICHSWeRke HeRMANN GRING, 1945
As we can see, Germanys forms of design, plus the orderly 1 4 Luitpoldhalle
working as a prostitute between intermittent dead-
economic miracle was bought at a beauty and authoritarianism of 2
13 18 5 kongresshalle end jobs, and getting in regular trouble with the
cost to workers rights. Germanys classical Roman and Greek edifices. 5
43
25 6 Grosse Strasse u FhReRhauPTquaRTIeR Fhrers Headquarters October 23, 1976 Rosemary Keenan 18 Rosemary Keenan and her boyfriend Carl Denaro are shot in law, not only for prostitution but also on charges
42.9
foreign currency exchange situation, Hence the defining quality of Nazi 3 n
19 7 Deutches Stasion 8 Carl Denaro 25 Forest Hills Gardens, Queens. Both are injured in the attack. such as drunk driving and disorderly conduct. She
42 plus its needs for raw materials, architecture was to be Ordnung 21
20
Vierjahresplan (Four-Year Plan) & Rstungsministerium (Defence Ministry)
8 Mrzfeld also appeared to be developing an early love affair
meant that the economic rise could n Reichswerke Hermann Gring
not be sustained indefinitely. For n ReIch chaNcelleRy 9 ehrentribune des Mrzfeldes 9 with firearmson one occasion she was arrested
41 1 Mittelbau mit Marmorgalerie (Mittelbau 12 Gewchshaus (Greenhouse) n Montan- und Rstungsgesellschaften (Mining and Defence Companies)
Hitler, however, such considerations The Reichskanzlei (Reich chancellery) HP Zollhaus October 26, 1976 Donna DeMasi 16 Donna DeMasi and Joanne Lomino are shot while chatting and charged for having fired a gun from a moving
Marble Gallery) 13 ehrenhof (Courtyard of Honour) 10 Stdisches Stadion n Waffen- und Maschinenblock (Weapons and Machines Section)
did not affect his plans to create the was hitlers seat of power in Berlin. 2 eingang zur Reichskanzlei (entrance to the 14 Festsaal mit Wintergarten (Ballroom and Joanne Lomino 18 outside Lominos home. Both are wounded; Joanne is vehicleand in her early 20s had also been charged
11 Zeppelinfeld Bahnhof n Schiffahtsblock (Shipping Section)
40 physical structure of a Thousand- It was a vast complex, designed to Reich Chancellery) Conservatory)
Mrzfeld paralyzed. with assault.
1929 1933 1935 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 n Berg- und Httenwerksgesellschaften Ost (Mining and Metallurgical Companies East)
3 eingang zur Prsidialkanzlei (entrance to the 15 Alte Reichskanzlei (Old Reich Chancellery) 12 Huaptribune des Zeppelinfeldes As Aileen drifted across America, there were a
Year Reich. overawe visitors with its grandeur. n Sonstige Monopolgesellschaften (Other Monopolies)
Office of the Reich President) 16 Speisesaal (Dining Hall)
The plan of the chancellery here 13 Trafostation couple of potential bright spots. In Florida, she met
4 kasernenbauten (Barracks Buildings) 17 Propagandaministerium (Ministry of 16 n Spinnstoff- und Fasergesellschaft (Textile and Fibre Company)
shows the building after its extensive 5 Hebebhne zu den katakomben (Lift to the Propaganda) 14 Stadionbad n Chemie-Ost (Chemistry East) January 30, 1977 Christine Freund 26 Christine Freund and John Diel are shot in their car outside a a wealthy 69-year-old yacht club president, Lewis
eMPLOYMeNT BY OCCuPATIONAL TYPe, 1933
reconstruction by albert Speer, Catacombs) 18 erweiterungsbau zur Reichskanzlei (Reich 15 SS-kaserne n Superphosphat Ost (Superphosphate East) John Diel 30 movie theater in Queens. Diel suffers superficial injuries, but Fell, and struck up an unlikely relationship. They
a redevelopment that cemented 6 Gartenportal zu Hitlers Arbeitszimmer (Garden Chancellery extension) were married in March 1976, but within a few
16 Zeltlager der Wehrmacht n Konstinental l AG (Konstinental Oil AG) Freund dies later of her wounds.
unskilled portal to Hitlers Office) 19 u-Bahn-eingang Wilhelmsplatz (Wilhelmsplatz
workers 10.1 million Speers influence within the n Betriebliche Ostwirtschaft (Eastern Economy Operations) months the marriage was annulledFell discovered
Skilled 7 Bauzufahrt zum Fhrerbunker (entranceway Subway entrance)
4.5 million Third Reich. hitler was extremely
workers
Professional
to the Fhrer Bunker) 20 kaufhaus Wertheim (Wertheim Department n Betriebliche Wirtschaft Serbiens (Economic Operations Serbia) that Aileens tendency to fight in bars spilled over
/white collar 4.1 million interested in every aspect of its 8 Zufahrt Tiefgarage und Fhrerbunker Store) n Betriebliche Wirtschaft Rumniens (Economic Operations Romania) into the home, when Aileen beat her aging husband
Master 2.6 million March 8, 1977 Virginia Voskerichian 19 Shot as she walks home from Columbia University. She is
craftsmen design, as he felt it had to express (Access: underground Parking and Fhrer 21 Leipziger Platz (Leipziger Plaza) n NuReMBeRG Rally GRouND n Gesamte Kohlewirtschaft (Total Coal Production) with his own cane. Shortly afterward, Aileen shot
Farmers 2.1 million Bunker) 22 Ministergrten (Ministry Garden) killed at the scene by a head shot.
National Socialist ideology he once The Nuremberg rallies, also called the parteitage (Party Days), were spectacular political/ceremonial events in the Nazi n Treuhnder gesamter Erzbergbau (Trustee Ore Mining)
Merchants 1.6 million 9 einfahrt Tiefgarage und Feuerwehr 23 Tiergarten (Animal Garden Zoo) herself in the stomach in a botched suicide attempt.
stated that Berlin must change its calendar. The rally ground was never quite developed to the full extent of hitlers ambitions, but it was an imposing n Sonstige Treuhandsch. HGW mit SS-Betrieb (Other Trusts HGW with SS-Operations)
Civil
servants
1.5 million (entrance Parking and Fire Brigade) 24 Hermann-Gring-Strae (Herman Gring Also in 1976, Aileen inherited $10,000 when
Managers face to adapt to its new mission. 10 Zufahrt Fhrerbunker (Access Fhrer Street)
space nevertheless. The main road that ran down the central axis of the ground measured more than 2km (1.2 miles) n Militrgouverneue, zivile Parteverwaltg. im Osten (New Military Governments, Civilian in the East)
/owners
234,000  Westchester County Deputy Sheriff Craig Glassman, the young couple escaped with minor injuries, but April 17, 1977 Alexander Esau 20 Alexander Esau and Valentina Suriani are both shot and Keith died from throat cancer in July. In now
The chancellery was eventually Bunker) 25 Vostrae (Voss Street) in length and was 40m (132ft) wide. Towers, temple-like structures, stadia and public address platforms, plus the
who lived near Berkowitz, shows two threatening the second shooting resulted in one young woman characteristic style, she took all the money and blew
demolished by Soviet occupiers. 11 Haus kempka (kempka House) 26 Wilhelmstrae (Wilhelm Street) theatrical lighting additions of albert Speer, made the Nuremberg venue a place of great visual power. Valentina Suriani 18 killed at close quarters, the shooting occurring only a few
letters he received. The letters had a similar style of dead and her boyfriend blinded. Yet from this it within two months on drink, drugs, and a car
blocks from the Voskerichian shooting.
handwriting to those written by the Son of Sam. last shooting came a solid lead for the police. (which she crashed and destroyed). At this point it
90 91 96 97

BLACK TEXT BLACK SER P112-117_5-116.pgs 28.05.2010 11:04 Rival Colour Ltd BLACK TEXT BLACK SER P156-163_3-158.pgs 28.05.2010 12:15 Rival Colour Ltd BLACK TEXT BLACK SER P159.pgs 18.06.2010 12:55 Rival Colour Ltd
TEXT BLACK SER P117.pgs 18.06.2010 12:02 Rival Colour Ltd

10 11
 100 Best-Selling Albums of the 70s 100 Best-Selling Albums of the 90s
Hamish champ Dan auty, chris barrett,
With vinyl sales at their highest in 25 justin cawthorne,
years, 100 Best-selling Albums of the pete dodd
70s is an expert celebration of popular From Nirvana to U2, from Garth
music from Rumours to Houses of 100 Best-Selling Albums Brooks to Shania Twain, from Lauryn 100 Best-Selling Albums
the Holy, from Dark Side of the Moon of the 70s Hill to Celine Dion to Alanis Morissette, of the 90s
to Off The Wall. Each album entry is 184 x 210mm (7 x 8) each entry in 100 Best-Selling 184 x 210mm (7 x 8)
accompanied by the original sleeve 224pp Albums of the 90s is accompanied 224pp
artwork and is packed full of facts 100 colour photographs by the original sleeve artwork and 100 colour photographs
45,000 words 45,000 words
and recording information, along with is packed full of facts and recording
ISBN: 978-1-78274-620-1 ISBN: 978-1-78274-622-5
an authoritative commentary on the information, along with an authoritative
12.99 Hardback 12.99 Hardback
record. commentary by an expert in the field.

25 Wish You Were Here 11 Tapestry 71 The Score 24 Nevermind

l Album sales: 6,000,000 l Release date: September 1975 l
A nother marathon session of recording
activity seven months at Londons
famous Abbey Road studios went into producing
Wish You Were Here, Pink Floyds follow-up
to the highly regarded Dark Side Of The Moon,
which was also recorded at Abbey Road. The
band came close to break-up during recording
(both Waters and Mason were splitting from
l Album sales: 7,200,000 l Release date: February 1996 l l Album sales: 10,600,000 l Release date: September 1991 l
l Album sales: 10,000,000 l Release date: March 1971 l
takes the listener on a sort of aural space ship-
ride, with heavy use of synthesizers and futuristic C arole King tapped into the singer-songwriter
movement then taking shape to create
own right Tapestry stands as her one glorious
moment. Two of the albums songs, Will You
T he Fugees breakthrough album showcased
the eclectic tastes of all three MCs Lauryn
Hill, Pras and Wyclef while offering an incredibly
conscience. The group served up a fascinating
mixture of soul, reggae, gospel and blues, all
within the framework of inventive hip-hop.
T he single most important rock album of
the 1990s, Nevermind opened the door for
dozens of similarly angst-ridden bands from
produced album on a major label, but it was also
loud, brash and sounded very real.
The words may have been uncompromising,
sound effects as well as more conventional an album that set a new watermark for female Love Me Tomorrow and (You Make Me Feel popular alternative to the macho-posturing of It was the groups treatment of Killing Me Seattle and sounded the death knell for the but the tunes were not genre-defining songs
instruments such as acoustic guitars and piano. artists. Unassuming, yet beautifully crafted, this Like) A Natural Woman, are reinterpretations from the gangster rap that dominated the mid-1990s. Softly and Hills moving vocal on Ready or Not commercial glam-metal movement and power such as Smells Like Teen Spirit, Come as You
Signs that the bands bassist and lyricist Roger 1971 release paved the way forward for female that period with Goffin, but it is the newer songs Innovative and derivative in equal measure, The that drove The Score to multi-platinum success. ballads of the previous decade. The album sold Are, Lithium or On A Plain have classic rock
Waters was becoming exasperated with the singer/songwriters, both in terms of the quality of that notably shine. In Its Too Late, knowingly Score blends the work of Roberta Flack and Bob Released as singles, the former topped the UK over 10,000,000 copies worldwide and made structures, enabled by Krist Novoselic and Dave
whole business of music and perhaps with his its songs and the honest, highly personal style in charting the breakdown of a relationship she Marley with cinematic constraints and a social chart for five weeks, followed by a three week lead singer/guitarist Kurt Cobain a massive, if Grohls powerhouse rhythm section and Cobains
fellow band members too also take shape on which she delivers them. had split with Goffin three years earlier she stint by Ready Or Not. While the singles failed sometimes, reluctant rock icon. vocal roar. It wasnt all pedal-to-the-metal stuff

Sleeve artwork by Chuck Beeson, Roland Young and Jim McCrary

their wives at the time) but many critics, including
Dave Gilmour, now see the album as one of Pink
Floyds best.
It opens with a clear homage to founding
member and, at the time, institutionalized Syd
the record; in Have A Cigar he has a record Together with her husband Gerry Goffin, King created a US chart-topping single for herself (it Number One singles: UK: Prakazrel Pras to hit the Top 40 in the US, The Score stayed at While Cobains lyrics were unquestionably Polly is a chilling acoustic tale of kidnap and
company executive saying the band is just had penned a string of hits for others in the reached Number Six in the UK), while in Youve Killing Me Softly; Ready Wyclef Jean the top of the Billboard chart for four weeks. powerful and heartfelt, the true success of the closing Something In The Way is marked by
fantastic/that is really what I think/by the way, previous decade, among them Up On the Roof Got A Friend she wrote a US Number One for or Not Garfield Gus Parkinson Nevermind came from the music. Butch Vig Kirk Cannings mournful cello but as a blast of
which ones Pink? and The Locomotion, but as an artist in her James Taylor. In turn, Taylor adds backing vocals Red Alert
Grammy awards: Ras Baraka managed to make the band sound both slick and pure punk rock energy, Nevermind has had few
Wish You Were Here scored a Number One and guitar to the songs original version. Best rap album; Best Handel Tucker 1 Red Intro (1:51) raw at the same time this was an expensively rivals before or since.
Sleeve artwork by Hipgnosis and George Hardie

Barrett on Shine On You Crazy Diamond (Parts in the album charts on both sides of the Atlantic, Number One singles: Personnel: Tapestry clocked up more than 300 weeks on R&B performance by Robbie Shakespeare 2 How Many Mics (4:28)
I IV) which had to be re-recorded due to an only the second time thus far that the band had US: Its Too Late; Youve Carole King the US chart, 15 of them at Number One, while a duo Sly Dunbar 3 Ready Or Not (3:47)
Got A Friend Joel OBrien or group Killing Me Forte 4 Zealots (4:20) 1 Smells Like Teen Spirit (5:02)
inexperienced sound engineer. The album then topped the chart in their home market. it was named Album of the Year at the 1971 5 The Beast (5:37)
Charles Larkey Softly With His Song Omega 2 In Bloom (4:15)
Grammy awards: Grammy Awards. Diamond D 6 Fu-Gee-La (4:20) 3 Come As You Are (3:39)

Sleeve artwork by Robert Fisher

Danny Kootch Number One singles: Personnel:
Number One singles: Personnel: Record of the year; Album Label: US: Ruffhouse Pace 1 7 Family Business (5:43) 4 Breed (3:04)
James Taylor None Kurt Cobain (d. 1994)
8 Killing Me Softly With His Song (4:58) 5 Lithium (4:17)
None Dave Gilmour of the year; Best pop vocal Russ Kunkel UK: Columbia Young Zee Krist Novoselic
9 The Score (5:02) 6 Polly (2:56)
Roger Waters performance (female); Ralph Schuckett Ra Digga Grammy awards: None Dave Grohl
1 I Feel The Earth Move 8 Where You Lead (3:18) 10 The Mask (4:50) 7 Territorial Pissings (2:23)
Grammy awards: None Rick Wright Song of the year Youve Recorded in: New 11 Cowboys (5:23) Kirk Canning
(2:57) 9 Will You Love Me 8 Drain You (3:44)
Dave Mason 1 Shine On You Crazy Diamond (Parts I-V) (13:30)
Carole King Got A Friend Producer: 2 So Far Away (3:56) Tomorrow? (4:11)
Jersey & New York, USA; Producers: 12 No Woman, No Cry (4:33) Label: US & UK: Geffen 9 Lounge Act (2:37)
Pink Floyd

Label: US: Columbia; Lou Adler Kingston, Jamaica Wyclef 13 Manifest/Outro (5:59) Producer:

Nirvana
2 Welcome to the Machine (7:26) 3 Its Too Late (3:53) 10 Smackwater Jack (3:43) 10 Stay Away (3:33)

Fugees
UK: Harvest Producer: 3 Have A Cigar (5:08) Label: US: Ode; UK: A&M 4 Home Again (2:30) 11 Tapestry (3:12) Shawn King 14 Fu-Gee-La (4:24) Recorded in: Butch Vig 11 On A Plain (3:17)
Pink Floyd 4 Wish You Were Here (5:40) 5 Beautiful (3:06) 12 (You Make Me Feel) Like Personnel: Lauryn Hill 15 Fu-Gee-La (5:27) Van Nuys, USA 12 Something In The Way (3:51)
Recorded in: London, UK 5 Shine On You Crazy Diamond (Parts VI-IX) (12:22) Recorded in: New York, 6 Way Over Yonder (4:46) A Natural Woman (3:39) Lauryn Hill Salaam Remi
USA 7 Youve Got A Friend Total album length: 67 minutes Total album length: 42 minutes
Total album length: 44 minutes (5:07) Total album length: 45 minutes
74 158
150 190

100 Best-Selling Albums of the 80s Bridges

Dan auty, chris barrett, David ross
justin cawthorne, From ancient abandoned aqueducts
pete dodd to todays feats of engineering,
The 80s saw great albums both from Bridges is a pictorial celebration of
recording artists who had been around 100 Best-Selling Albums 200 suspension bridges, iron bridges, Bridges
since the 60s, such as Paul Simon of the 80s stone bridges, viaducts, railway 213 x 290mm (8 x 11)
and Tina Turner, and new acts, such 184 x 210mm (7 x 8) bridges, footbridges and rope bridges 224pp
as Prince, George Michael and Tracey 224pp from the ancient world to the present 10,000 words
100 colour photographs day. Organised chronologically and 200 colour photographs
Chapman. Combining information
45,000 words ISBN: 978-1-78274-576-1
from both the US and UK charts, 100 presented in a landscape format with
19.99 Hardback
ISBN: 978-1-78274-621-8
Best-Selling Albums of the 80s is an informative captions, Bridges is a
12.99 Hardback
authoritative chart of the decade. stunning collection of images.

7 Purple Rain
l Album sales: 13,600,000 l Release date: August 1984 l
P rinces previous album,1999, had brought the
diminutive singer considerable success in the
US, but it was his soundtrack to the 1984 hit film
With a reputation for lyrical lewdness, the Prince
retained his right to shock with tracks such as
Darling Nikki, but there was a growing sense
Purple Rain that was to make him and backing of maturity in the starkly arresting When Doves
band The Revolution, into global superstars. Cry. The album won Prince two Grammy awards
The album spent 24 weeks at the top of the US and an Academy Award for Best Song Score.
album charts, reached Number Seven in the UK, In addition to making the soundtrack, Prince
and gave Prince his first two US Number One took the starring role in Purple Rain, a loosely
singles with When Doves Cry and Lets Go autobiographical film about a young Minneapolis
Crazy. The title track reached Number Two in rock musician struggling to make it big. The
the US, while I Would Die 4 U and Take Me movie grossed over $5 million dollars at the
With U charted in the Billboard Hot 100. box office and functioned as an extended
promotional video for the album. Coupled with
Number One singles: Personnel: the record breaking success of his 198485
US: When Doves Cry; Prince Purple Rain tour, the hype helped make the
Prince & The Revolution

Lets Go Crazy Wendy Melvoin album into the biggest hit of Princes career.
Lisa Coleman
Grammy awards: Matt Fink
Best album or original Brown Mark
score for a motion picture; Bobby Z 1 Lets Go Crazy (4:39)
2 Take Me With U (3:54)
Best rock performance by Apollonia LEFT: ABOVE:
3 The Beautiful Ones (5:15) Golden Gate Bridge, San Ponte Vecchio, Florence, Italy
a duo or group with vocal Novi Novog
4 Computer Blue (3:59) Francisco, California, USA Rebuilt in 1345, the Ponte Vecchio
David Coleman 5 Darling Nikki (4:15)
Opened in 1937, the Golden Gate is noted for still having shops built
Bridge was, until 1964, the longest along it. Butchers initially occupied
Label: US & UK: Warner Suzie Katayama 6 When Doves Cry (5:52) suspension bridge main span in the the shops; the present tenants are
world. It has only been closed three jewellers, art dealers and
7 I Would Die 4 U (2:51) times due to strong winds. souvenir sellers.
Recorded in: Producers: 8 Baby Im a Star (4:20)
Los Angeles, USA Prince 9 Purple Rain (8:45)
The Revolution
Total album length: 44 minutes

202

12 13
 Celtic Castles A-Z of Animals
Martin j. Dougherty tom jackson
Some of the most romantic castles in If you know your ABC, why not try the
the world are found in the British Isles, animal alphabet? A is for Alligator, B
France and Ireland. These strongholds is for Bear, C is for? Each animal is
may now largely be ruined, but in their Celtic Castles illustrated with an outstanding colour A-Z of Animals
dilapidation they have gained an air 297 x 227mm (11 x 9) artwork, with a short description 32pp
of mystery and beauty. The people 224pp outlining its main characteristics, such 254 x 197mm (10 x 7)
they once protected are gone, the 10,000 words as where it lives and what it eats. The 26 colour artworks
borders they guarded have dissolved, 150 colour photographs A-Z of Animals is informative fun about 1,000 words
ISBN: 978-1-78274-623-2 ISBN: 978-1-78274-567-9
the fragile communities that built up the animals that children find most
19.99 Hardback 6.99 Hardback
around them have been dismantled interesting.
only the castles remain. With 150
outstanding colour photographs,
Celtic Castles is a brilliant pictorial
examination of worlds gone by.

left:
Dunluce Castle, County Antrim,
Northern Ireland
A castle was built on this basalt
outcropping in the far north of
Ireland in the 13th century, but
today it is only ruins from the
late 16th century that we can
see. Dunluce was the seat of Earl
of Antrim until he was defeated
supporting the forces of the
deposed Catholic King James II
against the Protestant William III
in the Battle of the Boyne in 1690,
after which the castle began to fall
into ruin.

above:
Castle Stalker, Loch Linnhe,
Argyll, Scotland
One of the best preserved medieval
tower houses in Scotland, Castle
Stalker is situated on Loch Laich,
an inlet off Loch Linnhe. The
current building was constructed
by the Clan Stewart in the 1440s,
but, the story goes, was later lost
in a drunken bet in 1620 to the
Clan Campbell.

right:
Dolwyddelan Castle, Conwy
County Borough, Wales
Dolwyddelan Castle may date
from the early 13th century, but the
battlements are purely romantic
decoration they were added
during restoration work in the
1800s.

opposite page:
Sinclair Castle, Wick, Caithness,
Scotland
The earlier Castle Girnigoe was
built by William Sinclair, the
2nd Earl of Caithness, probably
sometime between 1476 and 1496.

122 123 128 129

A-Z of Snakes A-Z of Dinosaurs

kieron connolly
tom jackson
The names of dinosaurs are some of
If you already know your ABC why not
the first big words that children learn.
try a different one? Why not learn the
From Apatosaurus to Tyrannosaurus
snakes alphabet? A is for anaconda,
rex to Zephyrosaurus, The A-Z A-Z of Dinosaurs
B is boa constrictor, C is for coral A-Z of Snakes
of Dinosaurs is illustrated with an 32pp
snake With 26 slithery creatures, 32pp
254 x 197mm (10 x 7)
outstanding colour artwork for each
the A-Z of Snakes is excellent fun 254 x 197mm (10 x 7)
26 colour artworks
26 colour artworks of its 26 entries, along with dino facts
about the natural world. Each snake is 1,000 words
1,000 words and a pronunciation guide. If you were
illustrated with an outstanding colour ISBN: 978-1-78274-564-8
ISBN: 978-1-78274-566-2 ever uncertain how to pronounce
artwork, while a short description 6.99 Hardback
6.99 Hardback dinosaur names before, youll be able
outlines its main characteristics, such
to roar them after reading this.
as where it lives and if it is venomous.

14 15
 A-Z of Sharks
pAulA hAMMond
How many species of shark can you
name? Great White, Hammerhead,
Tiger? Any more? Here is a chance to
learn the names of 26, from the Angel
Shark to the Zebra Shark. Each shark
is explored over a single page with
an outstanding colour artwork, while
factboxes offer some bite-size facts
about its diet, habitat or lifecycle.
The Pawfect Guide to Thinking Like a Dog
eMMA Milne & kAren wild
The Pawfect Guide to Thinking Like
a Dog explains your dogs behaviour
from tail wagging to barking, The Pawfect Guide to Thinking
A-Z of Sharks from chasing to scavenging, from Like a Dog
32pp phobias to social interaction. In brief 214 x 154mm (8 x 6)
254 x 197mm (10 x 7) instructions, the book explains the 208pp
26 colour artworks five crucial welfare needs, how to 22,000 words
1,000 words 110 colour photographs
pick the right breed for you, how to
ISBN: 978-1-78274-565-5 ISBN: 978-1-78274-615-7
train your dog, how to handle tricky
6.99 Hardback 9.99 Paperback
issues and how to address health
matters.

22 T H E PAW F E C T G U I D E T O T H I N K I N G L I K E A D O G T H E PAW F E C T G U I D E T O T H I N K I N G L I K E A D O G 23 20 T H E PAW F E C T G U I D E T O T H I N K I N G L I K E A D O G T H E PAW F E C T G U I D E T O T H I N K I N G L I K E A D O G 21

40. HIDING
You might want to place the cats basket in the cutest place
where you can see it, but cats need a place to hide. Leave
cupboard doors ajar, allow them to snuggle behind the sofa,
and dont be surprised to find them sleeping in a dark corner
in the laundry basket.
41. MARKING TERRITORY
Ex evelestorpos es alibus eiumque minimpo rporatem qui
cus, quis aut faceriore nosam, adissequat omnihil esequunt
ut erum corrorum nitatem fugia veles magnis am, cupiendit
quam, iumquo cone magnis ad que volorrore rem aute litat.
42. PREGNANCY
cus, quis aut faceriore
nosam, adissequat
omnihil esequunt ut
erum corrorum nitatem
fugia veles magnis
am, cupiendit quam,
iumquo cone magnis ad
que volorrore rem aute
erum corrorum nitatem
fugia veles magnis am,
cupiendit quam.
43. PLAYING 34. KENNELS 37. READING THE SIGNS
Ex evelestorpos es alibus eiumque Ex evelestorpos es alibus Ex evelestorpos es alibus eiumque minimpo rporatem qui cus, quis
minimpo rporatem qui cus, quis aut eiumque minimpo rporatem aut fa alibus eiumque minimpo rporatem qui cus, quis aut faceriore
faceriore nosam, adissequat omnihil qui cus, quis aut faceriore nosam, adissequat ceriore nosam, adissequat omnihil esequunt ut
esequunt ut erum corrorum nitatem nosam, adissequat omnihil erum corrorum nitatem
fugia veles magnis am, cupiendit esequunt ut erum correriore
quam, iumquo m nitatem fugia veles nosam, a nosam, adissequat
magnis am, cupiendit quam, iumquo omnihil esequunt ut erum 38. PINING
cocone magnis ad que volorrore rem a dissequat omnihorum Ex evelestorpos es alibus eiumque minimpo rporatem qui cus, quis
aut faceriore nosam, adissequat poratem qui cus, quis aut faceriore
nosam, adissequat omnihil esequunt ut erum corrorum nitatemomnihil
44. MIXING WITH OTHER 35. DONT DECLAW esequunt ut erum
DOGS Ex evelestorpos es alibus eiumque minimpo rporatem qui cus, quis
m nitatem fugia veles magnis am, cupiendit quam, iumququi aut faceriore nosam, adissequat omnihil esequunt ut erum corrorum
cus, quis aut faceriore nosam, adissequat omnihil esequunt ut nitatem fugia veles magnis am, cupiendit quam, iumquo cone 39.
erum corrorum nitatem fugia veles magnis am, cupiendit qam, magnisad que volorrore rem aute litat.s magnis am, cupiendit quam, FRIENDLINESS
cupiendit quam, iumququi cus, quis aut faceriore nosam, iumquo cone magnis ad que volorrore.. Ex evelestorpos
es alibus eiumque
minimpo rporatem qui
45. COPING WITH A CAT 36. NERVOUSNESS cus, quis aut faceriore
IN THE HOUSE Ex evelestorpos es alibus eiumque nosam, adissequat
Ex evelestorpos es alibus eiumque minimpo rporatem qui cus, quis omnihil esequunt ut
minimpo rporatem qui cus, quis aut aut faceriore nosam, adissequat erum corrorum nitatem
faceriore nosam, adissequat omnihil omnihil esequunt ut erum fugia veles magnis am,
esequunt ut erum corrorum nitatem corrorum nitatem fugia veles cupiendit quam, iumquo
fugia veles magnis am, cupiendit magnis am, cupiendit quam, cone magnis ad que
quam. iumquo cone magnis ad que iumquo cone magnis ad que volorrore rem aute litat.s
volorrore rem aute litat. volorrore rem cone magnis ad que magnis am, cupiendit quam,
volorrore. iumquo cone magnis ad que
volorrore.

MAY 2018 PUBliCATioN

The Purrfect Guide to Thinking Like a Cat The Eastern Front

eMMA Milne & kAren wild
In brief instructions, The Purrfect
Guide to Thinking like a Cat explains
how to understand your cats
behaviour and how you can adapt
your own behaviour to make the
most of your relationship. Featuring
110 colour photographs, the book
deftly addresses all manner of issues,
from marking territory to hissing, from
scratching to self-harming. This is an
essential guide to forging a lasting,
healthy relationship with your cat.
duncAn Anderson, lloyd
clArk, stephen wAlsh
The conflict on the Eastern Front in
World War II was colossal in both
The Purrfect Guide to Thinking
scale and intensity, as Hitler and Stalin CAMPAIGNS OF WORLD WAR II:
Like a Cat
vied for supremacy in Eastern Europe. The Eastern Front
214 x 154mm (8 x 6)
208pp The Eastern Front is an authoritative 297 x 227mm (11 x 9in)
256 pages
22,000 words account of this epic clash, ranging
70,000 words
110 colour photographs from the state of the two armies in
45 artworks, 230 photographs, 10
ISBN: 978-1-78274-614-0 1941, the most infamous campaigns
colour maps
9.99 Paperback and offensive operations, to the final
ISBN: 978-1-78274-608-9
Soviet victory. Authoritatively written,
22.99 Paperback
this superbly illustrated book features
more than 250 photographs, artworks
and maps.

102 / the battle of stalingrad the battle of stalingrad / 103

CHAPTER FIVE Richthofens Air Fleet 4. A daytime crossing

RIGHT was suicidal, but night brought the risk of
Another German MG34 collisions with other craft or sunken wrecks

The Battle of
machine-gun team in moving in the Volgas dark currents.
Stalingrad. Visible in the
background is the grain Local knowledge vital
elevator, where 50 Soviet The intimate local knowledge of the river

Stalingrad soldiers held off attacks

from three German divisions.
possessed by Rogachevs patchwork crews
proved invaluable in sustaining 62nd Army,
but it would have counted for nought if
Soviet troops had failed to defend the crucial
landing stages dotted along the western shore
of the Volga. This was the crucible of the
The battle for the city of Stalingrad became a symbol for the battle of Stalingrad. If the Luftwaffe severed
entire struggle on the Eastern Front. Hitler staked more and more the Volga artery, then 62nd Armys fate
on its capture, but Chuikovs 62nd Army refused to yield. was inevitable. If Rear Admiral Rogachevs
men Stalingrads unsung heroes could
defy the Luftwaffe, Pauluss jaded 6th Army
would wither, while Chuikovs 62nd Army
would survive the ordeal. The Luftwaffe
retained its tactical superiority over the Red
Air Force to the bitter end at Stalingrad, but
could not close the Volga. This failure played
a key role in the Soviet victory at Stalingrad.

S talingrad, originally known as Tsaritsyn, than ideal for rapid movement. Stalingrad itself, ABOVE

had prospered in the 19th century as a with its sprawling workers apartment blocks SOVIET UNION Soviet troops advance
trading town on the Volga. During the and cavernous factories, ensured that agile cautiously through the
Russian Civil War (191821), the Reds had combat dependent on the smooth integration Kursk Voronezh rubble. Each house was
triumphed decisively at Tsaritsyn. Stalins of air power, armour and infantry the secret fought over, sometimes by
Do
contribution to the Reds success was marginal, of German success would be next to impos n units as large as a company,
Do 6th Army
but, once he had achieved supreme power in sible. The citys odd shape also undermined ne
ts Stalingrad and strongpoints could
1925 and named the city after himself, his the Wehrmachts ability to defeat the Red Vo
lga
change hands many times
role in the victory of 1920 was systematically Army by the traditional German method of Rostov SPARTAKOVKA
during a day.
manipulated and enhanced. By the 1930s, encirclement. As it nestled on the western Astrakhan

Tractor Plant
Stalin was officially credited as having played bank of the Volga, Stalingrad stretched for military insights and his inability to see beyond As Paulus redeployed the main body of Stravopol
CASPIAN Barrikady
a key role in both the October Revolution of 40km (25 miles), but was only eight kilometres Stalingrad. To Halder, a battle of annihilation 6th Army to the centre and north of the SEA Factory 62nd
BLACK SEA Krasny Army
1917 and the triumph at Tsaritsyn. Stalingrad (five miles) wide. The Volga, more than one on the Volga, which even if victorious was city, the full complement of 284th Siberian Caucasus Oktyabr
Moun
was thus indelibly associated with Stalin and kilometre (just over half a mile) wide, meant likely to be indecisive in strategic terms, Division made its way across the Volga. It German offensive tains Factory

the Russian Revolution, a psychological
dimension that significantly influenced both
Hitler and Stalins approach to the battle of
was military madness. However, the more was integrated into the Soviet line between JuneNovember 1942 Mamayev
that, if the Wehrmacht wanted to encircle the
Kurgan
city, a major amphibious operation would be Halder voiced his doubts, the more obsessed the Mamayev Kurgan and the Red October
necessary. This ensured that, unless there was Hitler became with victory. Stalins city the steelworks. The Red Armys ability to provide

Volga
Krutoy
Stalingrad. a dramatic collapse by the Red Army, German one he had named for himself was to be 62nd Army with supplies and men from the Key
Gully
Krutoy
troops would be forced into a prolonged taken. That was Hitlers strategy. Victory at eastern shore was a critical factor at Stalingrad. German forces Tsaritsa 13th Central Stalingrad Gully
4th Pz Guards
Stalingrad before the battle frontal assault. Stalingrad would demonstrate the superior As Pauluss 6th Army and Hoths 4th Panzer Soviet forces Army
Railway
Div
Station
By 1941 Stalingrad was a city of 600,000 The Mamayev Kurgan, an ancient Tartar racial qualities of the Aryan over the Slav, Army bled, Chuikovs 62nd Army was 9th of
Front line 12 Sept Grain SO
people. It had played an important role in burial mound, loomed over central Stalingrad. thus inducing the destruction of the Soviet nourished and sustained by the Volga naval Silos Railway LE
CH
January
Square
Union. Hitler was descending into the flotilla under the command of Rear Admiral Front line 26 Sept Station NA Pavlovs
Stalins industrial drive of the 1930s and its It was marked on military maps as Point 102.0 OPPOSITE Nail
Factory
YA
ST House
location on the Volga ensured that it was a and provided a magnificent observation site. A 50mm (2.45in) mortar ideological straitjacket that increasingly made Rogachev. His force included hundreds of
NKVD and
significant cog in the Soviet war economy. It was a tactical position of immense value, of the 13th Guards Rifle the conduct of rational military operations civilian craft and this miniature naval armada 42nd Regt HQ

It was a valuable political, economic, one that, in weeks of intense, handtohand Division fires on German all but impossible. It is ironic that, as Hitler fought a constant battle of attrition with the A
ST
Rodimtsevs
AY
1st HQ
communications and psychological objective. fighting, neither side would concede. The positions in Stalingrad. denied his commanders the tactical flexibility Luftwaffe. As it delivered thousands of tonnes VI
ET
SK

However, if the Red Army was to fight a northern end of the city was Stalingrads Much of the city was quickly they had become accustomed to, Stalin slowly of food and ammunition, and men to the SO

The Battle of Stalingrad

Red
State
major battle of annihilation, Stalingrad, rather industrial heart. In the northern reaches lay reduced to rubble by the but surely allowed his senior commanders, western bank, steamers, barges, gunboats, Square
Univermag Bank

like Moscow in 1941, was an ideal place to do the Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory, while on German bombardments such as Zhukov, Vasilevsky, Rokossovsky and dinghies and all manner of fishing craft September 1942 Gorki Volga
64th Army
so. The uneven terrain west of the city was less its left lay the massive Barrikady Ordnance and air attacks. Vatutin, greater scope to display their talents. played a deadly game of cat and mouse with Theatre

16 17
 Enigma: How Breaking the Code
Helped win World War II
MichAel kerrigAn
At its peak, 10,000 people worked
at Bletchley Park, reading 4,000
messages a day, decrypting German
and Japanese communications. But
how did its efforts actually change the
course of the war? Which victories
was Bletchley instrumental in?
Illustrated with 180 black-&-white
and colour photographs, artworks
and maps, Enigma: How Breaking the
Code Helped Win World War II is an
authoritative and novel perspective on
WWII history.
2
Deciphering
Enigma
The decryption of German messages by the code breakers
at Bletchley Park was considered by Supreme Allied
Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower to have been
decisive to the Allied victory.
L
orem ipsum dolor sit amet, pri illud similique
rationibus id. Vis alii simul at, nam at esse appareat,
vim esse corpora gubergren at. Per alii corpora ne. Eos
zril utinam temporibus at, eos tale quot timeam an. Pro
ad commune copiosae rationibus, ad omnes offendit volutpat vel,
posse albucius persequeris feugait pertinacia mei.
breaking the code
Et vis tamquam inciderint appellantur, ex partem ubique delenit
eam. Ut cum omnes commune vituperatoribus. No pro soluta
laoreet mediocrem, vis in laoreet ponderum, ius in perpetua
vituperatoribus. Oratio recusabo nec ea. An harum melius
recteque eos, quod graeco option id his. Dolor sit amet, pri illud
similique rationibus id. Vis alii simul at, nam at esse appareat,
vim esse corpora utinam temporibus at, eos tale quot timeam an.
Pro ad commune copiosae rationibus, ad omnes offendit volutpat
The Victorians
John d. wright
The Victorian era boasted the glory
of the Empire and the grandeur that
Empire afforded, mass urbanisation
and social change, but it was also
a time of great poverty, of British
concentration camps in the Boer
War, of the boom and bust of the
California Gold Rush and slavery
being fought over in America. The
Victorians reveals that behind the
splendour and the facades was
a world of poverty, disease and
hypocrisy, where fortunes could be
quickly made and swiftly lost.
18
14 DECIPHERING ENIGMA
In 1936, TurIng InvenTed
a hypoTheTIcal compuTIng
devIce ThaT came To be
known as The unIversal
TurIng machIne.
albucius persequeris fem, vis in laoreet ponderum, ius in perpetua
vituperatoribus. atio posse albucius persequeris feugaitugait
Et vis tamquam inciderint appellantur, ex patemporibus
at, eos tale quot timeam an.Oratio posse albucius persequeris
feugaitugait vis tamquam inciderint appellantur, ex patemporibus
opposite: enigma machine at, eos tale quot timeam an. Pro ad commune copiosae
g was modied to the rationibus, ad omnes offendit volutpat vel, posse albucius
enigma i by June 1930. persequeris ne mea. Eam id reque utroque habemus, ut feugait
hoW d oeS t he enigMa Ma c hine Wor k ?
A GermAn eniGmA operAtor would be
given a plaintext message to encrypt. For
each letter typed in, a lamp indicated a
Left: the bombe was
different letter according to a pseudo-
an electromechanical
random substitution, based upon the wiring
device used by british
of the machine. the letter indicated by the
cryptologists to help lamp would be recorded as the enciphered
decipher german enigma- substitution. the action of pressing a key
machine-encrypted secret also moved the rotor so that the next key
messages. the initial press used a different electrical pathway, and
design was produced in thus a different substitution would occur.
1939 at bletchley Park by For each key press there was rotation of at
alan turing. least the right hand rotor, giving a different
substitution alphabet. this continued for
each letter in the message until the message
was completed to create a cyphertext. the
cyphertext would then be transmitted as
normal to an operator of another enigma
machine.
Troy
ben hubbArd
Troy tells the story of the Trojan
War from its beginnings with the
sparring of the gods to the love story Troy
Enigma: How Breaking the between Paris and Helen to the war 268 x 205mm (10 x 8)
Code Helped Win World War II fleet, the siege, and on to the final 224pp
244 x 186mm (9 x 7) battles and destruction of the city. 50,000 words
224pp 180 b/w and colour photographs,
The book offers a fascinating history
50,000 words diagrams and maps
that provides a broader context for
180 b/w and colour photographs ISBN: 978-1-78274-590-7
the war and also highlights where 19.99 Hardback
and artworks
ISBN: 978-1-78274-587-7 sources differ on aspects of the story.
19.99 Hardback This is an expertly written account
and investigation of one of the classic
stories of ancient mythology.
DECIPHERING ENIGMA 15
vel, posse albucius persequeris ne mea. Eam id
reque utroque habemus, ut feugait pertinacia
mei. Et vis tamquam inciderint appellantur, ex
partem ubique.
Ut cum omnes commune. No pro soluta
laoreet mediocrem, vis in laoreet ponderum,
ius in perpetua vituperatoribus. Oratio posse
Kings & Queens of the Medieval World
MArtin J. dougherty
From Charlemagne to Alexander
Nevsky to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the
Middle Ages produced a fascinating Kings & Queens
The Victorians array of monarchs. From Britain to of the Medieval World
244 x 186mm (9 x 7) Russia, from the 9th century CE to 244 x 186mm (9 x 7)
224pp the completion of the Reconquista 224pp
50,000 words of Spain in 1492, Kings & Queens 50,000 words
180 colour and b/w photographs,
180 colour and b/w photographs and of the Medieval World explores the
artworks artworks and maps
captivating stories of monarchs ISBN: 978-1-78274-589-1
ISBN: 978-1-78274-588-4 from all across Europe. Arranged
19.99 Hardback 19.99 Hardback
thematically from military leaders to
law-makers, from religious reformers
to patrons of the arts, this is a
fascinating, accessible history.
2
20 GOD AND KING GOD AND KING 21
CHAPTER
God and King
The divine right of kings asserted that a monarch was subject
to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from
the will of God. The king was thus not subject to the will of his
people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm.
E LECEATECTO DI REHENDUCIM quibernam ligent, saescimus
delit dis velibus mil es aut erae. Ut aut ex et quam aniaspe
rorrum assimet et omnihiciti quia que pere nonest, occuscimus
oPPoSite:
A statue of King
(and Saint) Stephen
in Heroes Square,
cuptatem aut ut ad modi dem quibus voloreiur sitiorestium Budapest. Stephen was
apisita sperume necaboreiunt magnima dolla aut facerferfero the first king of a unified
dolest res et earum, cus con et harion con pore peri oditatetust, Hungarian kingdom.
optio ernam, soloreic te pero eat aut aut autaturit rerios est, beloW:
se sin prae cusa nam rerspe comnihic te apisita sperume The Holy Crown of
necaboreiunt magnima dolla aut facerferfero dolest res et earum, Hungary, also known
as the Crown of Saint
cus con et harion con pore peri oditatetust, optio ernam.
Stephen.
Saints and Warriors
There had been many battles and engagements
above:
te pero eat aut aut autaturit rerios est, se sin prae cusa nam rorrum assimet et omnihiciti quia que pere nonest, occuscimus In this 19th century
rerspe comnihic te nobit, autem volorepudam sequi tem nobit, cuptatemditatetust, optio ernam, soloreic te pero eat aut aut painting by Jan Matejko
autem volorepudam sequi tem voluptiisini optature, sit, aliqui
in those times across the world, but none of those
autaturit rerios est, se sin prae cusa nam rerspe comnihic te the Polish-Lithuanian
beaquo vellatur, volorernatur arcil experspero dolum et occusam nobit, autem volorepudam sequi tem voluptiisini optature, sit, army is at the point of
alive remembered a devastation so terrible.
harumquas etur? Ehent ut volessimod ut reperio eleceatecto di crushing the reeling and
aliqui beaquo vellatur, volorerrorrum assimet et omnihiciti quia
bleeding troops of the
rehenducim quibernam ligent, saescimus delit dis velibus mil es que pere nonest, occuscimus cuptatemditatetust, optio ernam, e Teutonic Order.
aut erae. Ut aut ex et quam aniaspe rorrum assimet et omnihiciti sin prae cusa nam rerspe comnihic te nobit, autem volorepudam
sequi tem vosoloreic te pero eat aut aut autaturit rerios est, se
19
JUNE 2018 PUBliCATioN Ireland
Ireland: The Emerald Isle presents
150 outstanding photographs
Dinosaurs: The Worlds Most celebrating the islands most
Terrifying Creatures evocative places, whether in nature Ireland
veronicA ross or man-made, from immense 297 x 227mm (11 x 9)
beaches to the Mourne Mountains, 224pp
Did you know that Brachiosaurus
Dinosaurs: The Worlds Most from the fishing towns of County 10,000 words
means arm lizard? Or that 150 colour photographs
Megalodon was a 56ft (17m) long Terrifying Creatures Cork to Dublins elegant Georgian
ISBN: 978-1-78274-656-0
prehistoric shark? Including 80
192pp streets. Featuring images from both
213 x 290mm (8 x 11) 19.99 Hardback
dinosaurs and prehistoric animals the Republic and Northern Ireland,
250 col a/ws the book ranges widely across
and covering a span of more than 43,000 words
540 million years, Dinosaurs is a lively landscapes and history.
ISBN: 978-1-78274-583-9
exploration of a fascinating world. 14.99 Hardback

42 EARLY JURASSIC 206180 MIllIon YEarS aGo DIlophoSauruS 43

Dilophosaurus T
Crests his fast-moving killer with two large head
The paired crests were DINO FACTS
crests would have sent peaceful, plant- hoW
semicircular in shape BIG WaS LEngth up to 6m
and very light. eating dinosaurs scattering in terror as
IT? WEIght
it galloped towards them. Dilophosaurus was about 450kg

skin teeth slender, agile and built for speed. It could have LEg LEngth up to 1.5m
a young male is feasting on the flesh of a freshly killed
Dilophosaurus may have Dilophosauruss teeth easily outrun most dinosaurs that shared its world plant-eater. a larger, more powerful male approaches. his PREY plant-eating Dilophosaurus remains
had camouflage markings. were sharp but small and, armed with sharp-clawed hands and feet, it bigger, brightly coloured crests show he is older and more dinosaurs, dead were first discovered on an
and thin. The front dominant than the young male.
section of the upper jaw was capable of tearing through its victims soft or alive expedition to a navajo In-
was loosely attached flesh with ease. 1 WEAPonS needle-like teeth;
dian reservation in arizona
in 1942. Fossils thought to
to the main section. a
large tooth on the lower
Scientists are not sure why Dilophosaurus sharp claws on belong to Dilophosaurus
toes and fingers have also been found in the
jaw fitted into the notch had the curious pair of bony head-crests
Yunnan region of China, in
formed at the join be- on top of its head. They were far too MEAnIng Two-crested 1986, by a Kunming Mu-
tween the two. of nAME lizard seum team.
fragile to be used in combat, but they
may have been used by males when
courting females or in warning
The newcomer
displays to intimidate rivals. thunders towards
2 the carcass. he
roars at his rival and
dips his head to

hanDs Did You Know? show the size and

brightness of his
tail
The slender tail was as
long as the rest of the body and
These were 20cm
long, with three
clawed fingers
When fossil remains of
Dilophosaurus were first
found they were thought
superior crests. The
younger dinosaur
dares not risk a
would have helped Dilophosaurus and a thumb to to belong to a species fight and retreats
balance as it chased prey. grip prey firmly. of Megalosaurus. It was not until a double from
head-crest was found with better preserved the kill.
remains that Dilophosaurus was recognized as
a different dinosaur altogether.

BaCk legs
The long, slender back
a relative of Dilophosaurus, Coelophysis,
was also a fast-running and savage predator.
hundreds of skeletons of this dinosaur
legs were typical of a were found at a site in new Mexico in 1947,
fast runner. suggesting that, like the crested Dilophosaurus,
it too lived and hunted in packs, enabling it to
bring down prey bigger than itself.

Italy
Sharks & Predators In 150 striking images, Italy:
of the Deep Birthplace of the Renaissance
celebrates perhaps the most
susAn bArrAclough beautiful country in the world.
From the great white shark to the Italy
From Lake Como to the vineyards 297 x 227mm (11 x 9)
giant squid, Sharks & Predators Sharks & Predators
of the Deep in Tuscany to the many beaches, 224pp
of the Deep takes the reader on a from the magnificence of classical 10,000 words
213 x 290mm (8 x 11)
fascinating journey into a little-known antiquity in Rome to the Arab- 150 colour photographs
192pp
world. With examples drawn from Norman architecture of Palermo to ISBN: 978-1-78274-657-7
250 col a/ws
habitats as diverse as the Arctic and 30,000 words Renaissance Florence, there is just 19.99 Hardback
the Indian Ocean, this accessible ISBN: 978-1-78274-584-6 so much to feast on in Italy.
volume reveals the secrets of some 14.99 Hardback
of natures strangest animals.

20 21
 Paris
In 150 striking images, Paris
celebrates the French capital, from
its world-famous landmarks to
beautiful alleyways and corners that
might surprise you. Presented in a
landscape format and with captions
explaining the story behind each
entry, Paris is a stunning collection of
images celebrating the worlds most
romantic city.
Lighthouses
Lighthouses celebrates 150
structures and the stunning vistas
surrounding them. Taking examples
from around the world, the book
features lighthouses in all weathers
from storms to tranquil waters to
those that have become ice palaces.
From working lighthouses to eerie,
abandoned ones, from those in
beautiful locorms to tranquil waters
to those that have become ice
palaces.
22
The Illustrated Encyclopedia
of Weapons of World War II
chris bishop
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of
Paris
213 x 290mm (8 x 11)
Weapons of World War II includes
more than 1500 pieces of equipment
Extent: 224pp
from handguns to tanks, from
Word count: 10,000 words
dive bombers to aircraft carriers.
Illustrations: 150 colour photographs
ISBN: 978-1-78274-658-4 Each weapon system is illustrated
19.99 Hardback with a detailed profile artwork and
photograph. Accompanying the
visual material is detailed text that
covers each weapons service history,
the numbers built, and its variants, as
well as full specifications.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia
of Weapons of World War II
608pp
276 x 220mm (11 x 8)
1,600 colour & b/w photos and
artworks
220,000 words
ISBN: 978-1-78274-167-1
35 Hardback
Lighthouses
297 x 227mm (11 x 9)
224pp
10,000 words
150 colour photographs
ISBN: 978-1-78274-659-1
19.99 Hardback
23
 Birds
Dr Per Christiansen and
paula hammond
Birds profiles more than 400 of the
worlds most fascinating bird species,
from the flamingo to the humming
bird, and the eagle to the ostrich,
offering a comprehensive overview of
birds from every continent and giving
a sense of the incredible diversity of
bird species. Birds are grouped by
order and each entry includes a table
of information as well as informative
maps and detailed box features.

Birds
305 x 227mm (12 x 9)
448 pages
150,000 words
More than 1000 colour artworks and
photographs
ISBN: 978-1-78274-526-6
24.99 Paperback

ACCIPITRIFORMES ACCIPITRIFORMES

Steppe Eagle ORDER Accipitriformes FAMILY Accipitridae SPECIES Aquila nipalensis Martial Eagle ORDER Accipitriformes FAMILY Accipitridae SPECIES Polemaetus bellicosus

Steppe Eagles are an adaptable and successful species equally at home in grasslands or cities, and These magnificent birds of prey are Africas largest known species of Eagle easily powerful enough to
VITAL STATISTICS VITAL STATISTICS
happy to make a meal of any available food. kill and carry away a small antelope.
LENGTH 6274cm WEIGHT 6.5kg
(24.429.1in) (14.3lb)
WHERE IN THE WORLD? WHERE IN THE WORLD?
WINGSPAN 1.61.9 m LENGTH 7886cm
(5.26.2ft) (30.733.8in)

SEXUAL At least 1 year WINGSPAN 2.5m (8.2ft)

MATURITY
SEXUAL 56 years
NUMBER OF EGGS 13 eggs MATURITY

INCUBATION 45 days INCUBATION 4753 days

PERIOD PERIOD

FLEDGLING 5556 days FLEDGLING 5999 days

PERIOD Steppe Eagles get their PERIOD Limited numbers are found
name from their preference throughout sub-Saharan
NUMBER OF 1 a year NUMBER OF EGGS 1 egg every
BROODS for such dry open habitats 2 years Africa, especially Zimbabwe
as those found on the and South Africa. They can
TYPICAL DIET Birds, Russian steppes. They HABITS Diurnal, non- adapt to life in parched,
mammals, migratory
breed mainly in Central savannah grasslands as well
insects and
carrion Asia, from eastern Europe TYPICAL DIET Small mammals, as mountains.
through to Kazakhstan. birds and
LIFE SPAN Up to 41 years reptiles
in captivity
LIFE SPAN Typically 16
WINGS EYES
years
The eagles wings Steppe Eagles have EYES
are tipped with finger- remarkable eyesight. It Eagles especially Martial Eagles
like primary feathers. is believed that they have extremely good eyesight,
These are splayed to can spot a grasshopper, enabling them to spot potential prey
CREATURE reduce friction and from the air, 100m CREATURE from high up in the air.
COMPARISONS give more control (328ft) away. COMPARISONS
It is while they are in in the air. Ornithologists can guess
flight that you are most how old Martial Eagles
likely to be able to tell are by the colour of their
a juvenile Steppe Eagle plumage and the
from an adult. The number of speckles on
underside of an adults their breast. As a general WINGS
wing is dark, tipped with rule, older birds have Large, broad wings
grey-black primary more speckles and are the ideal design
feathers. A juveniles darker plumage. for soaring, while
wing is paler brown with Juveniles (shown) are finger-like primary
feathers give greater
a broad, white band. grey above, with more
control in the air.
white below.

LEGS LEGS
Unusually for birds of prey, Many birds of prey have
Steppe Eagles have legs adapted for completely bare or
hunting on the ground as well as for partially bare legs so
catching prey in mid-air. their feathers do not get
matted with blood.

SPECIAL ADAPTATION SPECIAL ADAPTATION

HOW BIG IS IT? These magnificent birds are one of the
few species of eagle to nest on the
Juvenile Steppe Eagle ground. This might sound dangerous,
but adaptability is an important survival
tactic. Steppe Eagles can and do take
advantage of a wide range of
environments, even nesting in cities.
HOW BIG IS IT? Martial Eagles, in common with many
birds of prey, use their sharp talons to
Juvenile Martial Eagle hold down and kill their prey. Holding
their claws outstretched while in flight,
they can grab even quickly moving prey
with relative ease.

14 15

Text Job: 01186 Title: Encyclopedia of Birds Text Job: 01186 Title: Encyclopedia of Birds
2nd Proof Page:14 2nd Proof Page:15

24
 UK & IRELAND
COMPASS INDEPENDENT LONDON, SOUTH EAST, ESSEX IRELAND SALES Join our mailing list
PUBLISHING SERVICES Sue Wilcox Brian Blennerhassett
HEAD OFFICE Mobile: 07801 926247 Butler Sims Ltd
Compass Ltd Email: sue@compass-ips.london First Floor, 89 Rathgar Road
Great West House Rathgar, Dublin 6
Help us to keep you up to date on new releases, special oers and any other relevant news.
Great West Road OPERATIONS MANAGER Ireland
Brentford TW8 9DF Nuala ONeill Tel: +353 1 406 3639
Tel: 020 8326 5696 Mobile: 07584 020 951 Mobile: +353 86 825 7305
You can either sign up direct on our website: www.amberbooks.co.uk/about-us
Email: sales@compass-ips.london Email: nuala@compass-ips.london Email: butlersims@eircom.net

THE NORTH OF ENGLAND SALES ADMINISTRATION

Or you can email us at editorial@amberbooks.co.uk
AND SCOTLAND Pat Vance
David Smith Tel: 020 8326 5696 Or you can fill in the form and send it to us at the address below:
Mobile: 07901 916164 pat@compass-ips.london
Email: david@compass-ips.london

SOUTH WEST, SOUTH WALES,

EAST ANGLIA AND
THE MIDLANDS
Martin Remmers
Amber Books mailing list
Mobile: 07747 794271
Email: martin@compass-ips.london

Name/Company name
EXPORT SALES & MARKETING
Gunnar Lie & Associates Ltd. LORIE & MICHAEL OCAMPO PANSING DISTRIBUTION
3 Linkside TERRITORIES: Korea, Philippines, PTE LTD
New Malden Taiwan, Japan, China, Hong Kong TERRITORIES: Singapore, Malaysia, Address
Surrey ADDRESS: Brunei
KT3 4LA Lorie Ocampo ADDRESS:
United Kingdom Marketing Services for Publishers Times Centre
Tel: +44 (0)20 8605 1097 57 STA Teresita, 1 New Industrial Road
E-mail: gunnar@gunnarlie.com Kapitolyo, Singapore 536196
www.gunnarlie.com Metro Manila, Tel: 65 6319 9939
Philippines Fax: 65 6459 4930
GUNNAR LIE Tel +63 2 635 3592 Email: infobooks@pansing.com
TERRITORIES: South-East Asia, Fax + 63 2 635 3593
Indian Sub-Continent, Africa E-mail: lorieocampo78@gmail.com Postcode/ZIP code Country:
ADDRESS AS ABOVE michael.c.ocampo@gmail.com
Tel: +44 771 2526 894
E-mail: gunnar@gunnarlie.com AJAY PARMAR GENERAL SALES/
TERRITORIES: India RIGHTS ENQUIRIES Telephone number
JOHN EDGELER ADDRESS : Sara McKie
TERRITORIES: Scandinavia, Middle East, Ajay Parmar Rights Director
Caribbean, Greece & Cyprus, Research Press sara@amberbooks.co.uk
The Netherlands GF-31, Ground Floor,
ADDRESS AS ABOVE MGF Megacity Mall, PRESS/MEDIA Email address
Tel: +44 780 1866 936 M G Road,
E-mail: john@gunnarlie.com Gurgaon, 122002 ENQUIRIES
India Charles Catton
GUILLAUME FERRAND Tel: +91 124 4040017 Publishing Manager
charles@amberbooks.co.uk Are you on Social Media?
TERRITORIES: France, Belgium, Eastern Email: marketing@researchpress.co.in
Europe, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal,
Italy, Central & South America, Gibraltar, PHAMBILI Twitter:
Malta TERRITORIES: South Africa
ADDRESS AS ABOVE ADDRESS:
Tel: +44 (0)20 8605 1097 Phambili Agencies cc
E-mail: guillaume@gunnarlie.com Book wholesalers to trade and libraries
Address : Unit 57, 5 Sunnyrock Park Facebook:
GABRIELE KERN Sunrock Close
TERRITORIES: Austria, Germany, Germiston,
Switzerland South Africa, 1401
ADDRESS: Tel: 0027114553537/4550091 Instagram:
Gabriele Kern Email: phambili@wbs.co.za
Publishers Services Contact: Rosanna Kalogiannis
Ziegenhainer Strasse 169, Email: rosannak@phambili.com
D-60433 Frankfurt Thank you for taking time in helping us to keep you up to date
Germany
Tel +49 69 510 694
Fax +49 69 510 695
E-mail:
Gabriele.Kern@publishersservices.de
Amber Books Ltd
United House
DISTRIBUTOR
Orca Book Services Ltd
North Road
01235465500 London N7 9DP
tradeorders@orcabookservices.co.uk 11/17
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)20 7520 7600
 Amber Books Ltd
United House
North Road
London N7 9DP
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)20 7520 7600

rights@amberbooks.co.uk
www.amberbooks.co.uk

BOOKS
www.facebook.com/amberbooks
twitter: @amberbooks
itunes.com/amberbooksltd
pinterest: amberbooksltd
instagram: amberbooksltd

Spring 2018