NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY BHOPAL

Energy Law

Renewable Energy Laws in India:

Analysis of the Current Framework and Challenges

Submitted to

Mr. Vijay Kumar Singh, Assistant Professor

Submitted by

Kunal Sharma

2013 BALLB 63
 Acknowledgment
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped and guided me in making this
project. First of all, I am really grateful to Professor Vijay Kumar Singh who gave me an
opportunity to work on the chosen topic and gave me his valuable guidance and inputs. Also, I
would like to thank my friends who supported me throughout the project.

Kunal Sharma

2013 BALLB 63
Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Objective ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Background: India's legal system and energy market ..................................................................... 5
India's legal system ..................................................................................................................... 5
National Energy Laws and Regulating Bodies ............................................................................... 7
Institutional Framework at Centre and State Level ........................................................................ 8
The Case for a Renewable Energy Act in India .............................................................................. 9
Rapid growth in the Energy Sector in India................................................................................ 9
The Investment Boom in Renewables ...................................................................................... 10
Inadequate Legislative Framework ........................................................................................... 11
National Renewable Energy Bill, 2015 ........................................................................................ 12
Key Aspects of the Proposed Bill ................................................................................................. 13
Developments in the areas of Legislative policy, Regulatory and Institutional Transformation . 15
Renewable Energy Bill The Way Forward ................................................................................ 16
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 17
Introduction
India emerged as a key player in the recent international climate talks in Paris. On the global
stage, India reiterated its commitment towards clean energy and reducing carbon emissions.
Indias increased thrust on renewable energy is outlined in the 2015 national budget, which set a
five-fold increase in renewable energy targets to achieve 175 GW by 2022.

At present, Indias energy supply is skewed in favor of nonrenewable energy sources. India is
one of the largest buyers of crude oil in world, while it meets most of its demand for coal through
its sizable domestic reserves. However, the country has actively begun to explore other avenues,
such as nuclear power and solar power. Initiatives such as the Jawaharlal National Solar Mission,
the objective of which is to establish India as a global leader in solar energy, have been launched.
India also possesses the fifth largest wind power industry in the world and is currently adding a
capacity of 1,8002,000 megawatts (MW) every year. India has also been laying the groundwork
for a major expansion of its nuclear power capacity.

According to the report of the Expert Committee on Integrated Energy Policy, in order to
maintain a sustained growth of 8 percent through 203132, India needs to increase its energy
supply by a factor of three to four times and its electricity generation capacity/supply by a factor
of five to six of their levels in 200304. At the same time, there is recognition of an imperative
need to minimize spending on petroleum products, which are progressively becoming costlier,
and to increasingly rely on renewable energy sources.

Objective
This paper aims to analyse the existing constitutional and regulatory framework within which
key stakeholders in the renewable power sector operate and to scrutinize the current
developments like Renewable Energy Bill of 2015 and the way forward in the field of renewable
energy laws in India. This paper is written with the objective of making out a case for need of
renewable energy laws in India.
Background: India's legal system and energy market
India's legal system

India has a bicameral parliamentary system akin to the Westminster model in which the supreme
lawmaking powers reside with the two Houses of Parliament the Lok Sabha (Council of the
People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). This bicameral legislative structure is replicated
at the level of every State and incorporated into a federal system of government. The division of
powers between the Central or Union Government (as the federal Government is generally
referred to in India) and the States is in accordance with the schema enshrined in the Constitution
of India. These powers are explicitly categorized into three lists:

The Union list contains subjects which lie within the exclusive purview of the Union
Government, with jurisdiction over all of India.

The States list contains subjects which lie within the exclusive purview of each State within its
area of jurisdiction.

The Concurrent list which contains subjects under the shared purview of the Union and State
governments. Electricity is a concurrent subject (Entry 38 in concurrent list).

The third level of governance/administration is the sub-State level, i.e. Municipal Corporations,
Municipalities or Panchayats. These have no inherent law-making powers. However, they may
require compliance with certain State laws. An example may be the levy of a local tax on the
movement of goods into municipal areas, although this power is being phased out as Value
Added Tax (VAT) is being rapidly implemented. The important point to note is that while
Central legislation is uniformly applicable all over India, the relevant State legislations vary
between States. Hence, for the implementation of specific projects, the laws of the State where
the project is to be implemented would apply. There is a small but distinct class of territories,
referred to as Union Territories, which are directly administered by the Central Government. The
legal provisions applicable to renewable energy in these territories may vary locally.

Electricity is a concurrent subject under Entry 38 in List III, therefore, both Centre and states can
legislate on this matter. Matters relating to interstate transactions are in the Centres domain
while states are responsible for the intra-state sale, purchase, distribution and supply of
electricity. However, in practice, the demarcation of power between the state and Centre is not as
simplistic. Concurrent jurisdiction prevents the Centre from directing the states to take specific
action.

This can be observed in the manner that the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)
and the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) function. In the context of renewable
energy, the CERC issued regulations in 2010 (CERC REC Regulations) to boost Renewable
Purchase Obligation compliance by states through the introduction of the Renewable Energy
Certificate (REC) mechanism. However, the onus of framing RPO regulations, setting RPO
targets and its implementation is on the respective SERCs, with the CERC acting as a facilitator.
The Central Governments thrust on development of renewable energy is apparent but the
constitutional framework prevents the Centre from realising its vision without the support of the
states.While the Centre can facilitate and incentivise the states to achieve renewable energy
targets, it cannot overstep the bounds of concurrent jurisdiction to implement or penalise non-
compliance by the states. States have often used this constitutional authority to push back on
reforms spearheaded by the Centre, which do not further their political agenda.

Apart from the issue of concurrent jurisdiction which covers the entire electricity sector, there
are also specific enabling provisions within the Constitution which support the generation and
consumption of clean energy. The Supreme Court5 , in a matter relating to RPO compliance,
recognised the constitutional mandate to promote renewable energy by relying on Article 21
which guarantees the right to life read with Article 51A (g) which imposes the fundamental duty
on citizens to protect and improve the natural environment. Further, Article 48A directs the state
to protect and improve the natural environment.
National Energy Laws and Regulating Bodies
The process of reform of the electricity sector was initiated in 1991 when the earlier Ministry of
Energy (with Department of Power, Coal and Non-Conventional Sources of Energy) was
trifurcated into separate ministries of the Government of India. With the passage of the
Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act 1991, private sector participation in generation was
permitted. The Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act 1998 saw the establishment of
Regulatory Commissions at both Central and State levels and these were entrusted with the
responsibility of tariff fixation as a principal function along with regulatory oversight in their
areas of jurisdiction. The Electricity Act 2003 regulatory Commissions are also covered under
the EA 2003.

Currently, there is no law providing separate coverage of the renewable energy sector in India.
This is an anomalous situation since the administrative machinery for dealing with the activities
of the renewable energy sector has been in place for a fairly long period of time. This consists of
the nodal MNRE at the Central level and State Renewable Energy Development Agencies (also
known as State Nodal Agencies) at the level of States. The State Nodal Agencies have been
named the "designated agencies" for implementation of the Energy Conservation Act 2001.
Moreover, there is a specialized financial agency, the Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency (IREDA) to cater to the financial requirements of the renewable energy sector in India.
As there is a split between the electric power sector and other parts of the energy sector (coal,
petroleum fuels, natural gas), the conventional power generation sector is subject to an array of
rules and regulations emanating from various Central ministries. These do not necessarily apply
to the renewable energy sector; nevertheless they underline the need to have a central renewable
energy law for India in order to have a clear demarcation of the subject matter, activities, policies
and regulations, particularly in the context of portfolio standards and obligations.

Another set of Central laws that indirectly apply to the renewable energy sector in India include:
Forest Conservation Act 1978. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1972. Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1980. Environment Protection Act 1986 which
incorporates the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000.

The National Tariff Policy (TP) of 2006 (MoP, 2006) following the National Electricity Policy
2005 has also been a significant legislation for REP development. While reiterating the mandate
of the EA 2003, it sets a deadline to the SERCs for implementing support measures for REP.
Moreover, in the same year, an Expert Committee from the Planning Commission submitted its
report on an Integrated Energy Policy for India. Among others, the report sets out a strategy for
renewable energy development and serves as a guiding framework for the shaping of the 11th
Five Year Plan. One of its important features is that it states that incentives for renewable energy
development should be linked to the energy generated and not just to the installed capacity
(Planning Commission, 2006).
Institutional Framework at Centre and State Level
At the central level, the MNRE is the nodal ministry dealing with renewable energy. MNREs
objective is to develop and deploy renewable energy to augment the energy needs of the country.
MNRE has set up three specialised technical institutions - National Institute of Solar Energy,
NIWE and Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy. IREDA is a non-
banking financial company operating under the MNRE, which provides loans and also directs
funds and other initiatives to promote renewable energy. Additionally, Renewable Energy
Corporation of India (erstwhile SECI) is involved in all segments of renewable energy and
among other things, owning solar power plants, generating and selling power and in other
segments of renewable energy sector activities, including manufacturing of solar products and
materials. The Ministry of Power (MoP) formulates the broader electricity law framework
through the NEP and NTP, along with amendments to the Electricity Act, which has a direct
impact on renewable power procurement and the overall institutional structure for such
procurement. Therefore, at the Central level, MNRE leads the charge on renewable energy
development and deployment but relies on the MoP for large-scale policy changes to further its
objectives. At the state level, there are nodal agencies and energy departments, which operate
under the administrative control of state governments. These agencies channel Central-level
subsidies, implement pilot projects, coordinate among other local level agencies and are also
responsible for the implementation of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. They also devise
policies for the development of renewable energy within the state and oversee its
implementation.

Apart from the governmental ministries and departments, state and central level regulators play a
significant role in the development of the renewable energy sector. The CERC was set up in
1998 to oversee the development of electricity markets at the national level and also to design a
regulatory framework for the states to follow. Subsequently, states set up their SERCs which
regulate intra-state matters and oversee the implementation of various regulations such as RPO.
The Case for a Renewable Energy Act in India

Rapid growth in the Energy Sector in India

Oil

Energy security is conventionally understood in terms of the risks of fuel supply disruption and
fuel price volatility. Global oil production is expected to peak in the near future and then
availability and price would both become a problem. It is predicted by experts that if only India
and China continue to grow at current rates, the demand for oil will rise by 6% per year. To meet
this demand, world output will have to increase by 43% or more by 2010 and beyond. India
today meets 75% of its oil requirements through imports. Our domestic proven oil reserves at the
end of 2006 was 5700 million barrels (0.5% of world reserves) and the production is 294.36
million barrels per year. The reserves/production ratio is of 19 years only! As per Government of
India (Gol) projections, by 2031- 2 2032, India will have to import about 3 billion barrels per
year. Because of the earlier mentioned peaking of oil production this quantity of oil may not be
available for import.

Coal

Coal has a similar story, but may be available for a longer period of time. India has extractable
reserves of 52.24 billion tonnes. Annual production now is about 500 million tonnes and the rate
of growth of production is going to be very big. The Gol predicts complete depletion of domestic
coal in 40 years. The key factor is not depletion but peaking of production which is expected by
2015 in India. A recent study predicts global peaking of production of coal by 2025. As per Gol
figures, we will have to import 609 million tonnes of coal by 2031, which now seems an under-
estimate. Judging by recent developments, large scale import of coal would also become
increasingly difficult.

Natural Gas

The known reserves of natural gas in India is now around 1.08 trillion cubic metres, only i.e.
0.6% of world reserves. The reserves/production ratio for our domestic natural gas is 33 years.
Import of liquefied natural gas is very costly and we are unable to get any long-term contracts.
Even world natural gas production will peak in the next 10 to 15 years.

Nuclear Power

Our uranium reserves (50,000 tonnes of proven recoverable reserves for power production)
would be adequate only for meeting the requirements of 10,000 MW of nuclear power capacity
for about 30 years. As of now, we have about 4500 MW installed capacity of nuclear power. The
'Vision 2020' for nuclear power envisages addition of 20,000 MW by the year 2020. New
uranium mining sites in the north-east are facing stiff resistance from local people. It is true that
India has vast reserves of thorium, but thorium-based reactors are not yet proven. Also, due to
the problems of nuclear waste disposal, and with the threat of Chernobyl type accidents looming
large, nuclear power is not a preferred option in the world. Countries like Germany plan to
decommission all their nuclear plants by 2025 and replace them with renewable sources of
energy. Recent attempts to kick start the nuclear sector in India following the nuclear deal with
the United States, are yet to translate into ground level results.

Hydro Power

Theoretically speaking, India has a huge hydro power potential estimated at 1,50,000 MW, of
which only about 33,000 MW has been channelised so far. But hydro projects are facing serious
resistance from environmentalists and have displaced lakhs of people all over the country. With
environmental destruction, the run-off in rivers is decreasing year-by-year. It is true that our
neighbouring countries like Bhutan and Nepal have enough surplus, unharnessed hydro potential
and they can sell this power to us, once harnessed. In a post fossil-fuel era, hydro power is
extremely important for base-load management. It will compliment renewables in the grid
system. Renewables offer a direct means of dealing with these concerns of energy autonomy.
First of all, they are foreign exchange neutral. They are dependent on our own natural resources.
They will never become extinct. The issues relating to their integration, high initial costs and
investments required can easily be tackled through innovative legislative, policy, and financial
mechanisms. Renewable energy is the fastest growing economic sector in the world today.

The Investment Boom in Renewables

Investment transactions in the renewable energy sector in 2009 crossed $162 billion, according
to a recent study by the UNEP. This is four times that of the investment in 2004. The sectoral
break-up of some major R.E. technologies is as follows: $ 67 billion in wind power, $ 24 billion
in solar energy $ 11 billion in biomass and waste-to-energy, $ 7 billion in biofules and $ 4 billion
in small hydro. Renewables beat the recession in response to a number of global challenges and
concerns, including climate change, increasing energy demand and energy security. The
investment community recognizes the importance of the sector and the opportunities for value
creation it presents. Consumers and companies are supporting the roll-out of a new energy
infrastructure and a change in individual and corporate behaviour. Most importantly,
governments and policy makers across the world are introducing legislation and support
mechanisms to accelerate the development of the sector. Currently India has an installed capacity
of 16500 MW of renewable grid connected power. The R.E. power production potential in India
can easily be scaled up to at least 6,00,000 MW in the future through multifarious sources and
new energy technologies. India also has considerable potential for production of biofuels. Other
potential investment destinations include a whole host of downstream production facilities,
components development for renewable power technologies, manufacture of silicon cells and
films for solar panels, co-gen applications in industries, solar thermal devices, etc. Together, the
investment potential in the R.E. sector could be as high as Rs. 1,00,00,000 crore. The sector is
also employment intensive and could generate millions of jobs.

Inadequate Legislative Framework

The enactment of the Electricity Act marked a paradigm shift within the power sector towards a
globally competitive model, with an emphasis on renewable power. Legislative and government
initiatives, policies and laws have been the main engines driving new technology transitions
since the beginning of the 20th century. These are all the more important in the development of
new forms of energy and energy markets.

There have been certain recent, major legislations aimed at reforming the energy sector, viz: The
Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and The Electricity Act, 2003. These two laws have been
welcome steps in the right direction. They have also started showing results. However, they have
not been successful in adequately addressing a quiet transition under way in the energy sector,
which is going to phenomenally transform the way we produce and consume energy in the next
few decades.

Sections 61 (h) and 86(1)(e) are the only real, clear developmental provisions relating to
renewables in the Electricity Act (CA), 2003. They are enabling provisions and not mandatory.
Hence, the enforcement has not been effective enough. The drafting of this Act started many
years before its adoption. The geometrical progress in renewable technology development and its
adoption worldwide is a recent phenomenon. The major crisis in the conventional energy sector,
the volatile price increase of fossil fuels and the resultant energy insecurity is of recent origin
(what The Economist of London called as 'the mighty cost of petrol addiction'). Renewables are
the future of the energy sector and this future necessity needs to be addressed through a new law.
Planning an energy transition requires decades, and hence the urgent need for a comprehensive
law on renewables.

Secondly, EA, 2003, speaks only of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. The
proposed new renewable energy law goes much beyond electricity, and holistically addresses
energy production from renewables, even extending to transport fuels or biofuels; it will not be
another electricity law. We are talking of a comprehensive legislation for development of all
types of renewable energy technologies. A great amount of detailing of the technological,
developmental, legal, policy and institutional framework is required, and that is the aim of the
new law. To accelerate the development of a large variety of renewable technologies, such
detailing is absolutely necessary. But the provisions in EA, 2003, are absolutely insufficient to
drive a technology transition, a market transformation, a transition from input dependence to
self-sufficiency, a transition to an environmentally benign and sustainable way of producing and
conserving energy.

National Renewable Energy Bill, 2015

Till now, the renewable energy sector was governed by the Electricity Act, 2003, which is also
undergoing amendments. The Electricity Act (Amendment) Bill 2015 (proposed) provides many
key provisions for the promotion of renewable energy resources including off-grid /
decentralised mode of renewable energy production.

However, from the perspective of future energy resource planning, there is a need to create a
holistic framework to promote the use of renewable energy and its applications not only in
electricity (covered under the E-Act) but also in heat and transport segments. There is also a need
for an integrated energy resource mapping and planning with right set of institutional and
structural support mechanisms for which the Renewable Energy Law (RE Law) can be a
pivotal legislation.

Aiming to consolidate the renewable energy sector and give it an institutional structure, the
Union government has drafted the National Renewable Energy Bill, 2015.

Through a separate law, MNRE would get freedom to execute projects and not depend on other
ministries and departments for necessary clearances, said officials. The law comes at a time
when the government has announced scaling up of renewable power generation to 1.75 lakh Gw
by 2022 out of which solar power alone is envisaged at 100 Gw.

The policy would enable a supportive system for growth of the sector. The various segments
which are the focus of the policy are: Renewable energy resource assessment, technical and
safety standards, monitoring and verification, manufacturing and skill development and data
management. The law also aims to set up dedicated renewable electricity investment zones.

To financially support the sector and the projects, the central government would set up
National Renewable Energy Fund and also push states to set up their own State Green Funds.

The RE Law also aims to have strong linkages with various other national objectives like:

National Action plan for Climate Change (NAPCC)

National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)
National Electric Mobility Mission (NEMM)
 National Wind & Waste Energy Mission
National Manufacturing Policy
National Skill Development Program

Hence, the RE Law would bring a macroscopic synergies across various national objectives and
hence a much coordinated and robust RE development model.

Key Aspects of the Proposed Bill

The key features of the Act are as follows:

1. New concept of Behind the Meter:

Behind-the-meter generation refers to a generation unit that delivers energy to load without
using the transmission system or any distribution facilities unless the entity that owns or
leases the distribution facilities has consented to such use of the distribution facilities and
such consent has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the authority responsible for
granting interconnection

2. Powers of central and state governments to upscale deployment of renewables by way of

national deployment programs, state level targets, R&D, technical assistance, formulation of
special fund, standards and norms for assessment, setting targets, sharing costs, formulation
of land policy.

3. Provision of National Renewable Energy Committee with representation from MNRE (Secy
and JS); Agriculture Ministry, MoP, MoRD, Ministry of Heavy Industries, MoPNG, MoEF
(JS); States (2 JS); POSOCO, RPC, CEA, CTU, RECI, IREDA (one each JS
equivalent); Representation of Regulators missing; functions include oversee
implementation of National RE Policy and Plan, suggest measures to upscale deployment,
R&D, grid integration, manufacturing, monitor progress of RE Investment Zones

4. Creation of National Renewable Energy Advisory Group (NREAG)

The NREAG is to be headed by an eminent person in RE and consists of:
MNRE Joint Secretary to act as Member Secretary
Three Members from State Agencies and Govt. Bodies like IREDA, RECI, PGCIL etc.
Six industry members representing DISCOMs, RE Generators, Academia and RE Experts
on special invitation.

5. Constitution of RE Corporation of India which shall: Act as a national level RE procurement

entity; Support development of Renewable Energy Investment Zones across the
 country (Ministry shall through RECI work with State Governments to identify and develop
RE investment zones to meet the goals under the National RE Development Plan)

6. National RE Policy aimed at the optimum and integrated development of the renewable
energy sector, and its applications, including electricity, heating, lighting, cooking, cooling,
transport, irrigation, and combinations of the same. The policy shall:
Be based on the priorities set by the National Energy Policy (NEP) and on the
principles of IERP
Establish broad principles for medium and long term RE targets building upon the
targets specified by the RE policy notified under the Electricity Act. This shall include
electricity as well as non-electricity, pricing, target compliance and facilitate a move
towards a market based mechanism for RE in the long run.
Include national targets for next five years, and indicative targets for additional
ten years period
Specify regulatory, policy, institutional and incentive frameworks required for
achieving the objectives of this Act and national targets
Achieved by a National RE Plan, to be prepared and implemented by the Ministry
after due consultation with the National RE Advisory Group
Undertake mid term assessment with no provision for downward revision of
targets.

7. RE Resource assessment for all electric and non-electric applications such as utility scale
electricity generation, distributed and decentralized electricity and energy generation (such
as rooftop PV, solar pumping), heating, cooling, transportation, fuels etc.; assessments will
be available in the public domain in an open-data format and should be accompanied by
high-resolution GIS layers of transmission lines, substations, roads, forest areas etc. to assist
in planning and easier project development.

8. MNRE shall establish a National Renewable Energy Fund and State agencies to fund a State
Green Fund.

9. RPO Targets: MNRE shall create a national, uniform and mandatory renewable electricity
purchase obligation trajectory for all obligated entities. Such obligation shall be met through
purchase of renewable electricity from Renewable Energy generators located anywhere in
the country and/or renewable electricity certificates.
Developments in the areas of Legislative policy, Regulatory and Institutional
Transformation
Apart from the proposed Bill of 2015, some of the major recent developments in the areas of
legislative policy, regulatory and institutional transformation are listed below:

Sections 3, 4, 61 (h) and 86 (1) (e) of Electricity Act, 2003 promoting development of
renewable sources of power.

Tariff for R.E. declared in many states, by the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions.

Renewable Purchase Specifications (RPS) for R.E. in many states.

CERC R.E. Tariff Notification 2009.

Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) framework in Place-2010.

Scheduling norms for wind and solar under Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) from 2010.

Rs.5000 crore provision by 13th Finance Commission for incentivizing states doing well in
R.E. power generation

A National Clean Energy Fund announced in Budget 2010. It will mop up Rs. 67500 crores
upto 2022, for development of renewables.

The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) announced in 2008, which stipulates
15% of all power consumed in the country to be from R.E.

National Solar Mission Announced in 2009 Major initiative for solar energy development
including 20000 MW grid connected solar power by 2022.

Generation Based Incentives (GBI) for Wind Power

Incentives for solar photovoltaic manufacturing under semiconductor policy.

Planning Commission sets up Expert Group on strategy for Low Carbon Economy-Jan 2010.

Increasing number of States announcing comprehensive R.E. policies.

Renewable Energy Bill The Way Forward
It is by now recognized that a Renewable Energy Law is a potent legal instrument in effecting a
transition to clean energy. It is also well known that sustainable energy is the basic foundation on
which sustainable development will have to be built. India is heavily dependent on imported
fossil fuels to meet its energy needs. Many scientific studies have shown that production of fossil
fuels like oil, gas and coal will peak in the near future. The result would be supply and price
volatility and ultimate depletion of these fossil fuels. So India needs to seek energy autonomy or
energy independence by developing sustainable sources of energy on a war footing.

Many of the initiatives listed in this project will gain teeth, if they are supported by legal
empowerment. The target of 15% by 2020 set by the NAPCC requires that we will have to add
close to 90000 MW of renewable power (Wind, Solar, Biomass and Small Hydro combined) by
2020, over and above the 16817 MW installed as of March 2010. Even if we take a flat average,
this would mean that for the next ten years, we have to add 9000 MW of R.E. power every year.
This is a monumental task for which our human resource sector, our banking and financial
sector, our manufacturing sector, our electric utilities and other institutions are not yet prepared.
All-round activities will have to be launched on a war footing to achieve this national target.
Legal empowerment through an Renewable Energy law will go a long way in facilitating this
much desired gradual transition to a sustainable energy system.
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