NALUPTA, JEREMIAH SIR MANHIT

11318198 PUBLIAD A51

The goal of Organization is to systematize and put an idea of a structure
to a certain service, public or private, or to a certain firm (bureaucracy,
administration, establishments). Managing goes hand in hand with Organization,
as it is involuntary, that when there is Organization, the management will be
present. For every large-scale or complicated enterprise requires men to carry it
forward, as said by Gullick (1937), the men who carry it forward would be the
ones at task to control the managing and will be responsible on how to structure
or coordinate the work-division to the units of a firm.
Throughout the years Organization and Managing have experienced
introduction of new theories that try to change or renovate the past methods.
According to Hesselbein (2000) a period of massive historic change began, of
global competition and blurred boundaries, of old answers that did not fit the new
realities, it is only just to accept these new notions, for it is in our human nature
to change, that change has become the natural order of things (Galbraith, 2000),
we witness innovations and developments with technology and it is necessary to
try to alter the outdated theories, but still try to retain the important concepts that
underlie it. The developments that we appreciate are the reason why certain
concepts, like Organization and Management, are subject to evolution.
Traditional Bureaucratic Organization offers the scientific way of
management in which Taylor (1911) stated that, principles of scientific
management when properly applied, and when a sufficient amount of time has
been given to make them really effective, the scientific way has such a
methodical way with its organization style. In order to yield effective results the
management should be able to meticulously follow each step in the method in
order to produce successful outcomes. Initiative of the workmen is also required
in this kind of environment for the fixed flow of the scientific management would
force them to exert effort to work harder to sustain regularity, and if not it will
cause irregularity with the concept.
Still under the Traditional Organization is the Budgetary Reform
Movement, budget have the potential to make or break an organization, for it is
the main reason why it exist, budget makes it go round and it is the central
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controlling feature in every union, and lastly it obtains a Symbolic Power.
Willoughby believed that budget may be made as one if the most potent
instrument. To bureaus budget is key and the ones who manages these
suffrages are the accounting side, whereas they record the expenditures and the
movement of the budget. Thus it is essential to obtain a pure and genuine
disposition in managing the budget, for money has the possibility to corrupt a
manager and this would result to unfortunate effects.
Bureaucracy explained by Max Weber, is the type of organization in which
the structure is based on a hierarchical perspective and also it has systematic
processes. The hierarchy tries to level the working field in which it designates
work for every member, that it maintains order in each class and will make all
work regardless of the level in order to gain effective and efficient results, making
it a collective effort. The collective effort seen in the hierarchy goes with the
systematic process of the concept, in which Weber said that, Methodical
provisions is made for the regular and continuous fulfillment of these duties and
for the execution of the corresponding rights. The management aspect of
Bureaucracy is seen through the files, or thru written documents, these files
makes up the bureau and the ones who control the bureau are a staff of
subaltern officials.
Gulick stated this in his theory of organization that in order for an
organization to work is to center it to the workers or those who carry it forward.
While trying to divide the task and coordinate with every individual in that certain
enterprise, from the top who controls up to the smallest unit in the firm. The
reason behind why it is needed to divide task is that, men are different from each
other, a certain individual may have the certain skill that the other individual lacks
and vice versa. The managers should see to it that he would be able to assess
which task is appropriate for a certain worker basing on its skill and capacity. For
Gulick explained men differ in nature, capacity and skill.
Through evolution of time innovations have been introduced such as the
machinery that can aid the workers, even the smallest typewriter can ease the
load of a worker. Machines that help the workers also contributes to their gain of
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knowledge, not only to ease their workload, for certain specializations are
developed in the usage of these tools. Change is inevitable and thus it presents
evolution, advancements made by science help progress an organization,
through its innovation and inventions it can translate to the progress of the
organization as a whole.
The division of work in Gulicks theory can be similar to the Trickle Down
Effect whereas the orders come from the top (whole) to down (parts), but the
difference between this is that there is no bias with the theory, unlike trickling
down from rich to poor, the theory suggest that everyone should work together
and as a whole, and that every part is accounted for. The only downfall with this,
is that the more work is subdivided, the greater the need for supervision and
coordination, it must be vigorous, persistent and most of all and organized effort.
Moving on to Strategic Bureaucratic Organization in which it focuses
mainly on the fluidity of the management and its flexibility. This organizational
style focuses on the evolution of the environment, which it needs to adapt to the
changes that are tied with the people and to its surroundings. Circular
Organization is a theory thats constructed by Hesselbein, which efforts to
change the approach of organization. Much like in Reinventing Government
Hesselbein sees that organizations must be mission-driven, values-based, and
demographics-driven. Setting goals would set your mind to achieve a certain goal
and its results, thus it is the Mission-Driven principle. Values-based revolves
around the notion that you must protect the will and culture of the people, an
organization must reach out to its workers to know how to adapt with their values.
Lastly demographics-driven like value-based, is to know the people and how they
act in the working environment, and the diversity of its people, for the leaders job
is to identify the critical issues and with which his or her organization can make a
difference Hesselbein added.
Reconfiguring the organization, is another precedent of the work of
Osborne and Gaebler, in which it creates series of short-term advantages, can
only be effective if the company has an organization that can execute it.
Reconfiguring aims to shape the functional structures into a multi-structure
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based, in which it is based on the functions, products, segments, categories and
importantly the customer.
Human Resource is essential to Management, hiring competent and
skilled workers would enhance the productivity of the Organization for. In hiring it
is fundamental to have a strong management team, they should be able to filter
the ones that are rightful for the job, because organizations are decomposed into
many miniature units that contribute to the whole.
The fallback that underlies reconfiguration of organization is that it would
be time consuming, it takes time and resources to build information system and
the human resource, but when fully implemented it is a significant investment to
the future of organization.
The same theories that both concepts attain are first the top down method
in which both organizations have a certain controller or the leaders, then leads
down the units or its workers. Consequently this hierarchy would all cater to the
needs of the people or the consumers, the center of the organization will always
be its people, and Organization and Management would stand as the bridge to
collect peoples public will and interest, connects them to the organization, and
produce the expected output that consumers await.
Lastly in Public Administration context the center of its organization would
also be to its constituents, it moves through the publics opinion and we see how
they do their labor on how they manage the work and its workers. For the
organization to be successful it must be flexible and fluid, and must contain
hierarchy but to the point that everyone in the society has a role, with equal
distribution of work. The final point that connects this to Public Administration is
the ability of Organization and Management to adapt to changing times, and
leaders must see beyond the walls of the corporation, the agency, and firm to
build a cohesive community that embraces its entire people.
NALUPTA, JEREMIAH SIR MANHIT
11318198 PUBLIAD A51