Socialization - Process by which
children become participating and
functioning members of society and fit
into an organized way of life as mature
adults
- refers to life long process of
learning and relearning.
- refers to the lifelong experience
by which individuals develop
their human potentials and learn
culture
- the process by which we acquire
those modes of thinking, feeling,
and acting that are necessary to
participate effectively in the
larger community
- process by which we acquire
social identities and internalize
the values and roles of our social
world
- process by which a society
transmits its cultural values to
individuals in order that they can
function properly as its members
- Its a process whereby a person
acquires and internalizes the
behavior, concept, knowledge
and skills that are essential for
social living
- Process of fitting into an
organized way of life and
established cultural tradition
- It includes the complementary
process of transmission of the
culture and social heritage and
the development of personality
- The learning process where the
individual acquires a status, plays
a corresponding role and emerges
with a personality
Social status - refers to the social
portion of a person in the group
Two types of status
1.) Ascribed - determined by births
2.) Achieved - refers to the status which
the person attains through his efforts,
intelligence, and choice
Social Role - refers to the functions,
duties, responsibilities, and behavioral
expectations attached to the social status
Personality - A persons consistent
patterns of acting, thinking and feeling
- the organization of the
biological, psychological, social,
cultural, and moral factors which
underlie a persons behavior.
- Refers to a more or less enduring
organization of forces within an
individual, associated with a
complex of fairly consistent
attitudes, values, and modes of
perception which account for the
individuals consistency of
behavior
- Refers to the sum total of all the
physical or biological,
psychological, or mental, social
or cultural, emotional, and
spiritual traits of a person which
underlie his behavior and makes
him distinct
- the way by which the individual
is interrelated through ideas,
actions, and attitudes to the non-
human aspects of his
 environment and biological
heritage
Factors that affect personality
development
1.) Biological inheritance or heredity
Heredity - Refers to the physical
and mental traits transmitted by the
parents to their offspring through the
germ plasma
2.) Environment - refers to geographic,
cultural, and social environment
3 major systems of personality:
1.) Id - the reservoir of sexual and
aggressive urges.
- Its centered on the
satisfaction of basic needs like food and
sex and dominated by the pleasure
principle.
2.) Ego - The rational part of the self and
interprets information obtained through
the sense and that finds realistic and
acceptable ways of satisfying biological
cravings. The cognitive and intellectual
processes are controlled by the ego
3.) Superego - conscience stands for the
internalized ideas of right and wrong, the
traditional values and morals of the
society
Theories of personality development
and the social self
Freuds Theory of socialization - A form
of biological determinism which holds
that socialization is a process
characterized by the internal struggle
between the biological components and
the social-cultural environment.
-Freud proposed the personality
consisted of three major systems; id,
ego, and superego
Symbol interactionism - This theory
poses that self-identity is developed
through the social interaction with
others, mediated by language in the
process of socialization
Culture and personality - This
personality theory held by anthropologist
views the cultural environment as the
main factor for determining human
behavior
Franz Boas - views that personality is
found in the culture and that significant
differences in personality are learned
Charles Darwin - human behavior was
instinctive, simple or nature
John B Watson - Behaviorism; which
held that behavior is not instinctive but
learned
Culture and Personality -Cultural
determinism
-Personality development theory
held by anthropologist views the cultural
environment as the main factor for
determining human behavior
Franz Boas - View that personality
development results from learning what
is found in the culture and that
significant difference in personality are
learned.
Symbolic Interactionism - This theory
poses that self-identity is developed
through the social interaction with
others, mediated by language in the
process of socialization (Cooley &
Mead)
Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self -
The ability of children to visualize
themselves through the eyes of others, to
imagine how they appear to others is
what Cooley calls the looking-glass self
or the social self
Mead and the Development of the self
- George Herbert Mead expanded
Cooleys idea of social self by relating
the idea of the self concept to role
talking. He believed that the behavior
and perception held by individuals are
influenced by the social groups of which
they are members.
Erving Goffman and the
dramaturgical approach - Erving made
use of the use of dramaturgical approach
with his expression, All the world is a
stage. He said that individuals are
performing and acting for their audience
in everyday life
Mass media - informs, educates, and
entertains
Workplace - the individual gets
socialized to its norms and values and
finds his or her place in its hierarchy of
statuses
Gender socialization - an interaction
with the family and other agencies of
socialization
Sex - refers to the biological or
anatomical differences between males
and females. Certain behavior patterns,
attitudes, and motivations are considered
appropriate for males or females of a
particular culture

Role - refers to acting in accordance

with the expected norms attached to a
particular position

Role performance - the actual conduct

of the role in accordance with the
position

Human infant - born helps and has no

concept of self. At age 2, she/he acquires
a crude self awareness

Agencies of Socialization
Family - first and most influential social
group in the childs life
Peer Group - the individual is more or
less in cooperative interaction with
people of the same age group, and is
influenced by its norms, interest, values
Church - provides spiritual guidance,
norms of conduct, and rules of behavior
School - formal agency for weaning the
child from home and introducing him or
her into the society