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December 2, 2017
Fishers Landing Fire Hall
Exposure to lead
Affects mental and physical development
Learning disabilities and behavioral problems
Periods of
stagnation
Lead is common additive in plumbing
Periods of
water use
Presence of metal in drinking water
Metal Corrosive Ineffective Corrosion
Plumbing x Water x Control Treatment
Increasing
Not influenced
250 mL 250 mL
First draw 1 min flush
Overall, 90 residents
submitted samples and
89 surveys.
Comparison to EPA drinking water
standards for municipal systems
30%
Health-based standards Nuisance-based standards
1 in 2
Above suggested threshold
25% 24%
21%
20% 1 in 5 16%
15% 13% 12%
10%
5%
0% 0% 0% 0%
0%
n=90
Is your well water a primary source
of drinking water?
100%
Top two reasons
Percent of residents
80%
66%
60%
45%
40% 34%
30%
20%
0%
Yes No Aesthetic
Nuisance Safety
n=89 reasons
reasons concerns
Chloride to sulfate relationship
Potential of corrosion of
dissimilar metals when in
direct contact
Potential Sources of Chloride in Water
Influence of the salt barn
230
Influence at major
110 intersections
20
Non-uniform corrosion
http://www.mathisplumbingheatingair.com/pin-hole-leaks-
greenwood-sc.php
http://www.gocarwarranty.co.uk/news/preventing-rust-know-where-it-forms/333984#.WiDB7kqnHSE
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-prevent-rust-on-your-car/
Simulating Well Water conditions
Isolate the impact of increasing
chloride levels on metal leaching
plumbing materials
(EPA Standard)
10 62.5 250 1000
mg/L mg/L mg/L
mg/L
15,000
Lead (ppb)
10,000
5,000
0
(EPA Standard)
10 62.5 250 1000
mg/L mg/L mg/L
mg/L
60
40
20
0
(EPA Standard)
10 62.5 250 1000
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
1,500
Zinc (ppb)
1,000
500
0
(EPA Standard)
10 62.5 250 1000
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
USWaterStudy.org
Thank you to all the residents
that participated in our study!