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Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING


(ME-4709)
M. E. HOQUE
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

At A Glance
IIntroduction
d i on SteamS P
Power Pl
Plants
Main Components
Characteristics of Steam Power Plants
Short Idea on Furnace
Furnace Design
Condition for Proper Combustion of fuel
Method of Fuel Firing
Principle of Stokers
C l i
Conclusion

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Power Plant Engineering

Steam Power Plant


Courtesy: Power Plant Engineering by G. R. NAGPAL
Around 1882 Steam Turbine

Boiler Steam Generator

Condenser

To boiler Fi 3.1
Fig. 31

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Power Plant Engineering

Steam Power Plant

Rankine Cycle

Efficiency: 33-48%

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Power Plant Engineering

Main Components:

Steam turbine
Generator
Boiler (steam generator)
A Furnace (to burn the fuel)
Piping system (to convey steam & water)

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Characteristics of Steam Power Plant:

Higher efficiency
Lower cost
Reduced
R d d environmental
i t l impact
i t
Reduced water requirement
Ability to burn coal

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Furnace:

It is an enclosed chamber for burning fuel & also provides supports


for burning components.
components

(i) Stokers: (Solid fuels) Coal, coke, wood, etc. (Require grate)
(ii) Burners:
B (for
(f liquid
li id fuels/
f l / powdered
d d (pulverized)
( l i d) coal) l)

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Furnace Design:
g
Depends on the following factors:

(i) Types of fuel used (coal,


(coal gas,
gas oil,
oil etc.)
etc )
(ii) Types of firing (grate fired, chamber fired furnace)
(iii) Amount of heat to be recovered
(iv) Amount of steam to be produced & its conditions
(v) Pressure & temperature desired
(vi) Grate area required
(vii) Flame length

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Condition for proper Combustion of fuel:

High flame temperature


Turbulent mixing of air & fuel
Th correctt ratio
The ti off fuel
f l & air
i
Enough time to complete the burning process
Capable to regulate the rate of fuel feed.
feed

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Factors for Selecting a Suitable Combustion Equipment:

Grate area required


Mixing arrangement for air and fuel
Amount of primary and secondary air required
Operating
p g and maintenance cost

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Method of Fuel Firing (Stokers):

1. Hand Firing
2 Mechanical Firing
2.

Advantages of Mechanical Firing:


1. Large amount of fuel can be burnt
2. Poorer grade of fuel can be burnt
3. Stoker save labor of handling ash
4. Stoker save coal and increase the efficiency of coal firing
5. Coal feeding at uniform rate

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Types of Stokers:
(i) Overfeed Principle
(ii) Underfeed Principle

c D J Ewins 1998
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Power Plant Engineering

Overfeed Principle

1. C+O2 CO2
2
2. C+H2O CO2 +CO+H2
3. Volatile matter+ CO2 +CO+H2+N2+H2O
4 +Secondary
4. +S d air
i CO2 +O2+N2+H2O (+CO)

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Power Plant Engineering

(i) Underfeed Principle

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Power Plant Engineering

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