BMET 433 ENTIRE COURSE

BMET 433 Week 1 Homework Problems

BMET 433 Week 1 iLab
Digital Picture Generation and Multi-Frame Sine Wave Image Creation
iLAB OVERVIEW
Introduction
Today, most medical imaging modalities generate digital images, which easily can be manipulated by
computers. The digital medical image is structural and functional information of human body in digital
form. This laboratory activity focuses on digital picture element, known as pixel , generation. The
digital image consists of pixels. Also, this laboratory creates an image of sine wave with different
spatial frequency and phase.
Generally, the pixel is expressed in the two-dimensional arrays p (m, n) notation, where m is the row
number and n is the column number of that particular pixel. The number of pixels in a digital medical
image is its spatial resolution, which relates to the image quality.
Objective

1. The objective of this exercise is to generate a two-dimensional square or rectangular shape

as a basic digital image with varying intensity.
2. The objective of the second part is to create an image of a sine wave having a spatial
frequency with different phases.

Materials

MATLAB software
Image Processing Tool

INSTRUCTIONS
Part A: Generate a two-dimensional square and rectangular shape digital image.
Problem
The digital image should be 20 x 20 pixels in size and a complete white object against a black
background.
Follow the instructions as shown below:

1. Start MATLAB software.

2. Click File, and then New, and then Blank m-file.
3. Write a simple program according to the above problem and save as xxx.m file in a directory.
4. Go to Command Window. At the matlab prompt, type only xxx (your file name without .m) and
press ENTER.
5. Check your result.
6. Open the xxx.m file and change the program as required. Now save the modified file.
7. Go to command window again. At the matlab prompt, type the file name xxx again, and press
ENTER.
8. See the result and verify with your expected digital image. Capture the screenshot of the
square image.
9. Now change the dimension of the above square image and also change the location of the
image with different intensities. Note, intensity 0 means black and intensity 1 means white.
You can select any values between 0 and 1 for gray level pixel creation. Capture the
screenshots of those modified square and rectangular images.

BMET 433 Week 2 Homework Problems

BMET 433 Week 2 iLab
Part A
Introduction
Attenuation occurs when X-ray photons are removed from their beams when they go through an
object, which is called attenuating medium. The attenuation of the photons depends on the material
properties of the attenuating medium and its thickness. This lab will show how attenuation of X-ray
photons is related to the thickness of the attenuating medium. Here, the stream of water represents a
beam of X-ray photons, and the thickness of paper towels represents the attenuating medium.

Preliminary Ideas

1. What effects do you think a thicker medium will have on attenuation?

2. How will this affect the image?

Table 1: Record the amount of water that went through the paper towel here. Average the two values
for each thickness and record that, to
BMET 433 Week 3 Homework Problems
BMET-433 Week 3 Homework Problems
1.Given an object composed of 6 segments of different materials, and attenuation results from 6 x-ray
projections at different angles through the object as shown below, find the attenuations coefficients of
each segment A, B, C, D, E and F. (8 pts)
2.Discuss the development of CT scanner since 1970 until today. Explain what improved specifically.
(7 pts)
3.What is the artifact caused on CT images by the polyenergetic nature of the x-ray beam? Explain. (5
pts)
BMET 433 Week 3 iLab
iLAB OVERVIEW
Introduction
Today, most medical imaging modalities generate digital images, which can be easily manipulated by
computers. The digital medical image is structural and functional information of human body in digital
form. This laboratory activity focuses on digital picture element, known as pixel , generation. The
digital image consists of pixels. Also, this laboratory creates an image of sine wave with different
spatial frequency and phase.
Generally, the pixel is expressed in the two-dimensional arrays p (m, n) notation, where m is the row
number and n is the column number of that particular pixel. The number of pixels in a digital medical
image is its spatial resolution, which relates to the image quality.
By this point, you have studied X-ray radiography, and you probably see the limitations it has. To
overcome some (but not all) of these limitations, computed tomography (CT) is used. In this lab, you
will see how computed tomography works by using a method calledback projection . You will
determine one-dimensional cross-sections of a slice of the object being imaged at different levels by
combining multiple back projections of the same slice. From these one-dimensional cross-sections, a
two-dimensional slice can be made. Then, several two-dimensional slices will be combined to make a
three-dimensional reconstruction. It is important to note, however, that usually doctors just look at the
two-dimensional cross-sections to gather the information they need. Although three-dimensional
reconstruction makes it easier to see the structure, it provides only minimal new information at the
cost of computer time and memory.
Objective
The objective of this laboratory exercise is to generate a two-dimensional square or rectangular shape
as a basic digital image with varying intensity. Using radon transform to create projection of the digital
image and from projection data, create a CT image by back projection method.
Materials

MATLAB software
Image Processing Toolbox

INSTRUCTIONS
Procedure
1. Set up the MATLAB and create a white square object with black background.
Image dimension: 256 x 256 pixels
BMET 433 Week 4 iLab
Objective
The purpose of this laboratory is to establish common techniques in using the SonoSite Ultrasound
System to produce ultrasound images using the C-60 transducer. In addition, measurement
evaluations will be made using the images taken from the SonoSite Ultrasound System.
Materials

1. SonoSite System and transducer with cable

2. SonoSite software
3. Instruction manuals and user guide
(www.sonosite.com)
4. PC with DAQ and cable
5. Torso Body Phantom or similar object

BMET 433 Week 5 Homework Problems

Homework Week 5
12.1 At what time will the magnetization vector M at z=1 cm and that at z = 0 have same phase
again?
13.2 Briefly explain the function of RF coils.
13.3 (a) Find the bandwidth (in Hz) of the RF waveform needed to perform the slice selection.
BMET 433 Week 6 iLab
INSTRUCTIONS
Part A: Contrast and Invert the MRI Brain Image

1. Construction of PET Box

2. Construction of LED Device
3. Experiment to Find Location of LED Inside PET Box
4. Repeat Experiment in Step 3
5. Experiment With Multiple LED Device Inside PET Box
6. Repeat Experiment in Step 3 With 16-Holes System

Deliverables
Turn in all measurement data of coincidence lines (hole numbers).
Turn in the schematic diagram of the experimental set up.
Answer the following questions. To answer questions, use this lab, textbook, lecture notes, or any
other open source. Please reference any sources you use.

BMET 433 Week 7 Research Paper Terranova-MRI