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BUILDING
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
R.SATHISH KUMAR (110814103308)
M.VIGNESH (110814103316)
In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree
Of
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
V.S.ARUL V.S.ARUL
-------------------------- -------------------------------
Internal Examiner External Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SITE DETAILS:
pudur,ambattur
LIST OF TABLES i
LIST OF FIGURES ii
LIST OF ABBREVATION iv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. STORE LAYOUT&DESIGN 2
3. SPECIFICATION 5
4. DESIGN PROCEDURE 7
5. MEMBER SPECIFICATION 10
6. LOAD CALCULATIONS 10
i. Dead load 10
ii. Wind load 10
iii. Live load 13
8. DESIGNS
i. Design of slab 22
ii. Design of two way slab 27
iii. Design of beam 33
iv. Design of tee beam 36
v. Design of continuous beam 1 39
vi. Design of continuous beam 2 42
vii. Design of column 45
viii. Design of footing 46
ix. Design of staircase 49
x. Design of lintel 51
9. DRAWINGS 55
10. CONCLUSION 71
11. REFERENCE 72
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG 1 - SITE
A = Area
B = Breath
D = Depth
d = Effective depth
d = Effective cover
DL = Dead Load
fck = Characteristics compressive strength
qs = Characteristics strength of Steel
Ld = Development length
LL = Live Load
L = Length
le = Effective Span
lxx = Effective length about xx-axis
lx = Length of Longer Span in x-axis
ly = Length of longer span in y-axis
Sv = Spacing of Stirrups
S.F = Shear force
W = Total Load
Wd = Design Load
WL = Distributed Imposed Load per unit length
= Shear Stress in concrete
v = Nominal Shear in Stress
= Diameter of Bar
P = Axial Load on the Cross Section
Ac = Area of concrete
Ag = Gross Area of the Cross Section
Al = Area of longitudinal Reinforcement
max = Maximum shear stress in Concrete
S.F = factored Shear Force
M.R = Moment of Resistance
bd = Design of Bond Stress
INTRODUCTION
Even though many stores are there in Chennai , they are not enough to meet
the requirements of people.
Construction of a departmental store in this area provides easy and fast purchasing
of goods.
1
1.2 STORE LAYOUT AND DESIGN
The layout of the store placed freely and requires more space to maintain the
racks and circulation allowed freely is known as free flow layout.
Advantages:
2
1. Allowance for browsing and wandering freely
3. Visual appeal
4. Flexibility Retailing,
Disadvantages:
1. Loitering encouraged
2. Possibility of confusion
4. Cost
5. Difficulty of cleaning
The arrangements of racks and goods are in grid manner having following
advantages and disadvantages,
Advantages:
1. Low cost
2. Customer familiarity
3. Merchandise exposure
4. Ease of cleaning
5. Simplified security
6. Possibility of self-service
3
Disadvantages
2. Limited browsing
4
SPECIFICATION
1. FOUNDATION:
The foundation for all the main columns in cement concrete 1:4:8,3500x3500mm
wide, 600 mm thick and column size of 500x500mm.
2. BASEMENT:
RCC column size 500mmx500mm, 600mm thick and basement will be in first class
B.W in C.M 1:5, 600mm height, above the ground level for all the walls and is filled with
earth filling, 500mm thick. A DPC, in cement mortar 1:3,20mm thick will be provided for
all the walls at basement level.
3. SUPER STRUCTURE:
All the main walls will be in brick work in C.M 1:5, 230mm thick. All the walls
will be raised up to the roof. The height of the main wall will be 4000mm above floor
level. Parapet walls is 230mm thick and 800mm height
4. ROOFING:
The roofing will be in RCC 1:2:4 mix, 230mm thick flat slab, plastered with cement
mortar 1:3 and 20mm thick, the weathering coarse will be of brick jelly with lime mortar
of thickness 75mm will be provided over the slab.
The doors of fully glazed and of size 3000mmx2500mm and 1800x2500mm and
flush door of 1000x 2500 mm, glazed window of size 1800x1500 and fully glazed
ventilator of 1800x600mm size.
6. LINTEL:
All the opening will be provided with 150mm thick RCC 1:2:4 mix lintels.
5
7. FLOORING:
The floor will be in cement concrete 1:4:8 mix,130mm thick, top finished smoothly
with 1:3, 20mm thick plaster for all the rooms.
8. STEPS:
Steps will be in cement concrete 1:2:4 mix having rise of 150mm, thread 250mm.
6
DESIGN PROCEDURE:
Low rise buildings with small spans generally constructed as load bearing brick
walls with RCC slab &beams.
7
RCC FRAMED STRUCTURES:
Loads are transmitted to ground through vertical framing system i.e Beams,
Columns and Foundations.
IS 875 (Part 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)
for buildings and structures
8
BASIS OF DESIGN:
AIM OF DESIGN:
METHOD OF DESIGN:
Working Stress Method may be used where Limit State Method cannot be
conveniently adopted
9
MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS:
COLUMN - 500mmX500mm
BEAM -400mmX600mm
LOAD CALCULATIONS:
= 5 KN\M
= 3.75 KN\M
where,
K1=risk factor,(1.0)
10
K3=topographic factor,(1.0)
K4=importance factor,(1.0)
Vz =50x1x1.01x1x1
=50.5 kN/m
= 0.6x50.5
= 1530.15 N/m2
= (0.7-0.2)x1.6x1530.15
= 1.224kN
=40.5
=60.5m
W = 1.5x[(0.125x25)+(0.05x20)]x(40.5x60.5)
= 15160.92 KN
11
Length of primary & secondary beams in transverse direction in each floor:
L = 7 x [40.5-(8x0.5)]
= 255.5 m
L = 12 x[40.5-(8x0.4)]
=447.6 m
At Floor Level, in addition to weight of floor slab & beam, half of the weights
of walls and columns below and above it are lumped.
Ground Floor:
1.50.50.50.25(4+3.6)
W = 42 2
= 1496.25 KN
Wbeam = 1.5x[0.4x(0.6-0.125)x25x(333+255.5) +
1.5x[0.3x(0.4- 0.125)x25x(447.6)
= 4193.06+1384.6
=5578 KN
12
LIVE LOAD CALCULATIONS : (IS 875-PART-II)
=1177x103 KN
= 39249.32 KN
= 1409.62 KN
13
ANALYSIS USING STAADPRO:
FRAMED STRUCTURES:
14
15
LOADING DIAGRAM:
16
ANALYSIS OF BEAM:
17
DISTANCE FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
18
DESIGN OF BEAM:
19
ANALYSIS OF COLUMN:
DISTANCE FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
20
DESIGN OF COLUMN:
21
DESIGNS:
a) Depth Required:
3200
=261.08
=113.96 mm
Provide d =150mm
2. EFFECTIVE SPAN:
22
3. LOADCALCULATIONS
: DEAD LOAD:
=6.525 KN\M2
=7.5 KN\M2
4.BENDING MOMENT:
Fd(D) 2 Fd(L) 2
@ middle of end span = l + l
12 10
6.53X3.22 7.5X3.22
= +
12 10
= 13.01 KN\m
6.25X3.22 7.5X3.22
= +
24 12
= 9.186 KN\m
6.25X3.22 7.5X3.22
= -
12 10
= -15.22 KN\m
23
Check for Depth:
Mu=Qbd2
D = 74 mm< 150 mm
Hence Safe.
Reinforcement:
5.AREA OF STEEL:
2. @ supports =346.04mm2
Mu < Mu lim
24
415 X ct
13.01 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 129 X (1- )
20 s 1000 s 129
= 293.155 mm2
Hence Safe.
CURTAILMENT:
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:
= 346.04 mm2
300<387 mm
Hence Safe.
25
Nominal Shear Force:
Vu
Tv =
bd
26.96 s 103
=
1000 s 129
= 0.21 N\mm2
= 376.8 mm2
ct s 100
% Ast = bd
376.8 s 100
=
1000 s129
= 0.29 %
Tc = 0.38 N/mm2
Tv < Tc
Hence Safe.
113.06 s 1000
=
300
= 376.8 mm2
% steel = 0.29 %
26
Drequired for stiffness = span\ B.V x M.F
= 3200/26 X 1.5
1. DESIGN DATA:
Lx= 5.33m
Ly= 6m
Ly / Lx =1.18 <2
Hence the Slab is designed as 2 Way Slab with provisions for Torsion
Reinforcement.
2. DEPTH OF SLAB:
= 200mm
3. EFFECTIVESPAN
:
Leff = 5.3 + 0.25
= 5.5 m.
4. LOADS :
= 14.4 KN/m2
Ly / Lx =1.18
y = 0.047
1.MOMENTS
:
Mux = ( x Wu Lx )2
= 22.58 KN
Muy = ( y Wu Lx )2
= 13.85 KN
2. DEPTH REQUIRED:
M = 0.138fckbd2
22.58 s 106
d =J
0.138 s 20 s 1000
d = 90.44 mm <200 mm
SPAN :
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
28
415 X ct
22.58X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 200 X (1- )
20 s 1000 s 2
29
Ast = 1158mm2
Ast = 710mm2
39.6 s 103
=
1000s 200
= 0.19 N\mm2
% Ast = 0.58 %
Tv < Tc
(L/d)basic = 20
% Ast = 0.58
Kt+ =1.6
30
(L/d)actual = (5300/200)
= 26.5< 32
= (1/5)x 5300
= 1060mm.
Provide 6mm Diameter bars @ 120 mm centres for a length of 1060mm at all four
corners in four layers.
Ast = 0.12 % of bd
= 240 mm2/m
Ly / Lx =1.18
1.MOMENTS
:
Mux = ( x Wu Lx )2
31
= 16.97 KN
Muy = ( y Wu Lx )2
= 8.58KN
2.DEPTH REQUIRED:
M = 0.138fckbd2
22.58 s 106
d =J
0.138 s 20 s 1000
d = 78.38 mm <200 mm
SPAN :
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
415 X ct
16.96X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 200 X (1- )
20 s 1000 s 200
Ast = 864mm2
Ast = 440mm2
39.6 s 103
=
1000s 200
= 0.19 N\mm2
% Ast = 0.58 %
Tv < Tc
(L/d)basic = 20
% Ast = 0.58
Kt = 1.6
(L/d)actual = (5300/200)
= 26.5< 32
= (1/5)x 5300
= 1060mm.
33
Provide 6mm Diameter bars @ 120 mm centres for a length of 1060mm at all four
corners in four layers.
Ast = 0.12 % of bd
= 240 mm2/m
Span = 5.3m
= 9 KN/m
= 5.7 m
1.FACTORED MOMENTS:
15.53 s 5.72 7.52s 8.52
B.M @ middle of end span =( + ) x 1.5
12 10
= 103.15 KN-m
15.53 s5.72 7.52s 8.52
B.M @ interior supports = -
12 9
= -107.15 KN-m
34
= 20.547 x 5.7
= 119 KN
2.LIMITING MOMENT :
Mu lim= Qu .b.D2
Mu < Mu lim
3. REINFORCEMENT:
AT End Spans:
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
415 X ct
107 x 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 600 X (1- )
400 s 600 s 20
Use 16mm diameter Bars @ 400 mm c/c at the top of tension face.
AT Mid Span:
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
415 X ct
103 x 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 600 X (1- )
400 s 600 s 20
= 107.37KN
35
Shear Force = Vu =107.37 KN
107..37 s 103
=
400s 600
= 0.44 N\mm2
% Ast = 0.21 %
Tv > Tc
VUS = VU - TC x b d
= 40.17 KN
Spacing:
0.87 X fy x Ast d
Sv=
Vus
= 170 mm c/c.
36
DESIGN OF TEE- BEAM:
Depth = 500 mm
Ast = 1256.63 mm
1.LIMITING NEUTRAL
AXIS:
Xu max
d
= 0.49
2.ACTUAL NEUTRAL
AXIS:
Xu 0.87 x 415 x 1256.65
d
= 0.36 x 20 x 3200 x 610
= 0.032 x 610
=19.69 mm
Xu < Df
Hence Safe.
3.TYPE OF REINFORCEMENT:
37
4.MOMENT OF RESISTANCE:
Mu = 273 KN/m
S.F = WxLx1.5
= 14.02 + 7.5
=21.52 KN/m
W = 21.52 x 8= 173 KN
86.5 s 103
=
400s 610
= 0.35 N\mm2
ct s 100
% Ast = bd
1256.6 s 100
=
400 s610
= 0.52 %
Tv < Tc
38
6.DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:
Tv < Tc
= 293 mm2
= 260 mm
39
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR CONTINUOUS BEAM(1):
= 9 KN/m
= 8.5 m
1. FACTORED MOMENTS:
15.53 s 8.52 7.52s 8.52
B.M @ middle of end span = +
12 10
= 146.69 KN-m
15.53 s 8.52 7.52s 8.52
B.M @ middle of interior span = +
24 12
= 88.43 KN-m
15.53 s 8.52 7.52s 8.52
B.M @ support next to end support = -
12 10
= -172.41 KN-m
15.53 s 8.52 7.52s 8.52
B.M @ interior supports = -
12 9
= -153.711 KN-m
2. DEPTH REQUIRED:
Mu = Qu .b.D2
Hence Safe.
40
3. REINFOREMENT:
Ast @ F :
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
415 X ct
88.43X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 560 X (1- )
20 s 1000 s 560
Ast @ E & G :
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
415 X ct
153X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 560 X (1- )
20 s 1000 s 560
= 104.25 KN
104.25 s 103
=
400s 600
= 0.43 N\mm2
% Ast = 0.32 %
41
Tv > Tc
VUS = VU - TC x b d
= 119.75 KN
Spacing:
0.87 X fy x Ast d
Sv =
Vus
=170 mm c/c.
% Ast = 0.32
783.78
Fs = 0.58 x x 415
783.78
Hence Safe.
42
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR CONTINUOUS BEAM(2):
= 9 KN/m
= 10.5 m
1. FACTORED MOMENTS:
15.53 s 10.52 7.52s 10.52
B.M @ middle of end span = +
12 10
= 225.36 KN-m
15.53 s 10.52 7.52s 10.52
B.M @ middle of interior span = +
24 12
= 140 KN-m
15.53 s 10.52 7.52s 10.52
B.M @ support next to end support = -
12 10
= -263.09 KN-m
15.53 s 10.52 7.52s 10.52
B.M @ interior supports = -
12 9
= -234.55 KN-m
2. DEPTH REQUIRED :
Mu = Qu .b.D2
Hence Safe.
43
3. REINFOCEMENT:
Ast @ F :
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
415 X ct
140X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 560 X (1- )
20 s 1000 s 560
Ast @ E & G :
415 X ct
Mu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X d X (1- fck s bd)
415 X ct
264X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 560 X (1- )
20 s 1000 s 560
= 130.35 KN
130.35 s 103
=
400s 600
= 0.54 N\mm2
% Ast = 0.58 %
44
Tc = 0.60 N/mm2 (from IS -456)
Tv < Tc
% Ast = 0.582
1408.94
Fs = 0.58 x x 415
1408.94
Hence Safe.
45
DESIGN OF COLUMN:
Load = 1409.62 KN
Pu = 1.5 x 1409.62
= 2115 KN
B = 500 mm
D = 500 mm
1. LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT :
2. LATERAL TIES :
46
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTING:
1. DESIGN DATA:
2. SIZE OF FOOTING:
=2200 KN
=2420/(1.5x150)
=10.75 Sq.M
= 193.6 KN/m2
HENCE SAFE
3. FACTORED MOMENTS :
193.6 s 1.552
=
2
47
= 232.562 KN-m
4. DEPTH OF FOOTING :
M = 0.138fckbd2
232.5 s 106
d =J
0.138 s 20 s 1000
d = 290 mm
Ast = 1227.67mm2
183 s 103
=
1000s 600
= 0.32 N\mm2
% Ast = 0.58 %
Tv < Tc
48
2
Ast min = 0.12 % of bd =0.12 x (1000 x 600) = 660 mm
100
(L/d)basic = 20
% Ast = 0.58
Kt = 1.6
(L/d)actual = (5300/200)
= 26.5< 32
49
FIG.15
1. LOAD CALCULATIONS :
= 6 KN/m
50
Self Weight Of Steps =( 0.5 x 0.15 x 0.25 x 25 x 1.2 x 11)/2.75
= 2.25 KN/m
2. MOMENT PRODUCED :
Mu= 35 KN/m
M= 0.138fckbd2
35s 106
d=J
0.138 s 20 s 1200
d = 99.86 mm
51
FIG.16
DESIGN OF LINTEL:
1. EFFECTIVE SPAN :
=2300mm
=2231mm
52
2. LOADINGS:
= 2.157 KN/m
3.FACTORED MOMENT:
Moment due to
MUD =QU.b.d2
22.417x106 = 0.138x20x230xd2
d = 188 mm
5.REINFORCEMENT:
Xu mas 0.87XFyXct
=
d 0.36.Fck.b.d
53
0.87X415Xct
0.479 =
0.36X20X230X191
= 0.68 N/mm2
c = 0.47 mm2
= 395 mm
54
= 0.75 x 191 =144mm
= 2231 / 20 X 0.96
=116 mm
55
DRAWINGS:
FIG.1
56
FIG.2
57
FIG.3
58
FIG.4
59
FIG.5
60
FIG.6
61
FIG.7
62
FIG-8
63
FIG.9
64
FIG-10
65
FIG-11
66
FIG-12
67
FIG-13
68
FIG-14
69
FIG-17
70
FIG-18
71
CONCLUSION
The structural elements such as foundation, lintel, column, footing, beam and slab
were designed as per IS 456-2000 in limit state method using M20 Grade concrete and
HYSD bars of Grade Fe 415.
By performing this project we learned about the steps involved in planning and
designing of a building. We learned about designing both manually by limit state method
and by using software STAAD pro. By finishing this project we got confidence for
designing a framed structure.
72
REFERENCES
Reinforced concrete structures DR.I.C. Syal and DR.A.K.Goel- fourth revised and
enlarged edition
By S.Chand and company limited
Design aids for Reinforced concrete to IS 456 -2000,SP16
IS 456 2000 code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete design by S. unnikrishna pillai , Devdas menon second
edition Tata Mcgraw hill 2003 edition
Fundamentals of reinforced concrete N.C.Sinha , S.K. Roy fifth revised edition
2007 S.Chand and company
Reinforced concrete (Limit state design ) by Ashok K Jain sixth edition 2006 , Nem
Chand and bros, civil lines , roorkes
Reinforced concrete design S.N.Sinha -second edition Tata Mcgraw hill 2002
edition
Structural and design drawing (reinforced concrete and steel) by Krishna Raju N
third edition -2009, university press
Design of Reinforced concrete by Krishna Raju N - edition 2008 , B.S . publishers
IS 875 part I, part II, partIII, part IV
Reinforced concrete structures by M.L.Gambhir Lakshmi Publication
Design of RC elements by Dhirajlal , Sonaversity
73