National Conference on Advances in Structural Engineering, 27-28 February 2016

Government College of Engineering Karad

Implementation of a Smart Waste Management system not only ensures

sustainability but also offers a successful business model

M.U. Parate

Post Graduate Student,Civil Engineering Department, RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, Warje, Mumbai-Pune Bypass Highway,
Pune-411058, India.
Email Address : manishpar4@outlook.com

Copyright NCASE 2016 Research Publishing all rights reserved.

Abstract: As per a recent study by Central Pollution

Control Board (CPCB), urban India generates about 47
million tonnes of solid waste (garbage) every year, or about
1.3 lakh tonnes each day. According to a calculation done
by TERI in 1998, the garbage generated till 2011 would
cover 2,20,000 football fields piled nine meters (27 feet)
high. These are some glaring facts about the gravity of the
solid waste problem facing India.

Thus, a planned disposal of these elements is quintessential

for attaining sustainability. Traditionally, the process of
solid waste management by any governing body, like a
municipal corporation, can be elaborated as a four-tier
process street sweeping, waste collection, waste
transportation, and waste disposal. All the four steps can be
considered as the core or prime pillars of an effective solid
waste management process. As of now, in most cities the
solid waste is disposed off in landfills away from the city.
Keywords: Knowledge Processors, Semantic
Information Broker
1. Introduction
1.1. General Information
Fig. Architecture of Smart with Knowledge Processors
(KPs) and Semantic Information Broker
However, this traditional method of disposal is now falling
short for several reasons, like increase of population and
subsequent amount of solid waste, lack of land resources,
and various laws preventing throwing of garbage in rural
places with villages or small towns in the vicinity, said
Sanjay Pathak, additional commissioner (planning) of Delhi
Development Authority, on the sidelines of a seminar on
'Use of green technology in real estate' organised by
NAREDCO. He further pointed that to solve this problem a
city needs to implement a smart waste management system,
and has to look for alternative ways of disposing solid
waste.

As the government drafts its plans for 100 smart cities, solid
waste management becomes even more important for
sustainable development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi
has himself stressed on this. Focus on waste to wealth, i.e.
solid waste management, and waste water treatment would
be an important part of the develpment of smart cities," he
has said.
1.2 Aim & Objectives of Study
A planned disposal of these elements is quintessential for
attaining sustainability.
Objectives of study:-
1. To study the Performance of the sensor device.
2. To study the waste vehicle automated from where
the smart bin are kepted.
3. To study how the software are used in smart bin.
4. To study how the smart waste techniques are used.
2. Monitoring
2.1. A Case for Smart Waste Management
Every year municipal corporations and other government
bodies spend large chunks of money for waste collection.
However, this cost can be reduced to a great extent with the
implementation of information communication technology
(ICT) on waste management. For example, the number of
bins located in the streets and the number of vehicles used
to empty them are generally estimated based on the number
of citizens, but the resulting estimation is sometimes either
too high or too low. The natural consequence is the
provision of poor service or incurring of high costs.
Furthermore, the collection of waste, regardless of the type
of material (recycling or unsorted), is typically done weekly
without taking into account the actual state of the level of
fullness of each bin. The result is the collection of semi-
empty bins, or trash accumulation causing degrading
conditions of hygiene.
Monitoring the fullness of bins through the use of sensors
would make it possible to achieve a more efficient system.
Predicting best times for garbage collection, and optimising
the number of vehicles and containers placed on the streets,
can become feasible if a stream of real time information
about the quantity of waste is available.
While this can save costs for government bodies, it is also a
potential wealth creation opportunity. According to a World
Bank report titled 'What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid
Waste Management', Africa generates almost 70 million
tonnes of waste every year and innovative investments have
helped it turn this waste into wealth.
There are other success stories. Thailand has managed to
utilise 22% of its waste and Netherland has succeeded in
recycling 64% of it. In all these cases there is huge
participation by private ventures which have generated
wealth from waste, created jobs for millions, and also
addressed rising pollution and climate change issues.
2.2. Enablers - Hardware & Software Architecture
Smart waste management is not exactly an alien concept in
India. Even before plans of developing smart cities came
up, Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation was already
working on implementing such a waste management project
with the help of technology. It has implemented multiple
smart solutions with regards to solid waste management,
including monitoring of more than 1,000 dustbins utilizing
mobile technology; monitoring more than 2,000 solid waste
management workers utilising mobile technology; and
developing integrated waste management facilities on PPP
basis with private sector partners. However, the challenge
lies in replicating these solutions on a larger scale, and to
augment specific functionalities to bring in additional smart
and intelligent features.
In a research paper titled 'An Approach for Monitoring and
Smart Planning of Urban Solid Waste Management Using
Smart M3 Platform' published by the Department of
Electrical, Electronics & Computer Engineering, University
of Catania, Italy, the researchers have demonstrated the use
of technology in waste management in smart cities. To
achieve a smart waste system, we have used very different
components, each capable of interacting with the smart
space.
In accordance with the vision of smart cities, we have
inserted two types of sensors inside the bins to provide real
time data: a proximity sensor located inside the lid or on the
internal and upper part of the bin; and a weight sensor at the
bottom of the container. The proximity sensor has the task
to measure the level of fullness of the container; the weight
sensor is used instead to measure the amount of trash
contained in the bin or thrown by a user. Each bin has a
Zigbee module that is able to communicate the values of
measured physical quantities to the nearest light pole.
Alternative protocols, instead of Zigbee, could be used (e.g.
BLE) because the system logic and the protocol to
communicate sensors data are decoupled, thanks to the use
of a gateway component in the light pole.
3. Observations
3.1. Sustainability Interventions: Solid Waste
Management
Fig. Sustainability Interventions
The report further illustrates, The control center is the
component that uses sensor data to implement
effective and efficient optimization strategies, and to
find solutions for problems linked resource
organization for solid waste management. Also it
informs vehicles whether and when they have to
empty bins. In our system, a city is divided into areas.
A list of coordinate points is a polygon, i.e. an area.
Each waste vehicle is mapped on an area of the city
during the configuration of the system. The waste
vehicles have an onboard computer or a tablet with
Internet connection.
Gujarat International Finance Tec City (GIFT) is
putting in place a smart waste management solution
using Swiss technology.
system, a city is divided into areas. A list of coordinate
points is a polygon, i.e. an area. Each waste vehicle is
mapped on an area of the city during the configuration
of the system. The waste vehicles have an onboard
computer or a tablet with Internet connection.
Gujarat International Finance Tec City (GIFT) is
putting in place a smart waste management solution
using Swiss technology.
Smart waste management has already attracted many
investors, be it at a residential complex level or at the
city level. The waste management industry is certainly
going to benefit by this. In the next three years, this
industry, most of which operates in the unorganised
sector, is eyeing a 40% growth. I believe that cleaning
will be one of the best businesses. It will be a billion
dollar industry in no time, says Paresh Parekh of
Vadodara-based Sort India Enviro Solutions Limited.
Parekh informs that his company has launched a
portal service through which it has collected 4,500
tonnes of paper and plastic waste in Ahmedabad.
3.2. Smart Waste Management System at GIFT City
A smart solid waste management system is being put in
place using Swiss technology at GIFT City, where garbage
will be disposed off with minimum human interference. Not
only that, the waste will be recycled to make organic
manure and generate power that will be consumed in GIFT
City itself.
The solid waste from towers will be sent to the waste
collection centre, about 2 km away from the buildings,
using vacuum suction pipes. The waste will be transported
at the speed of 110-140 km per hour through a network of
underground pipes. The speed and direction of the waste
will be controlled by a fully computerized console.
Solid waste will then be segregated into organic and non-
organic waste. The organic waste will be sent to a vermi-
compost unit where it will be used to make manure, which
in turn will be used in gardens and plantations within the
city.
The inorganic waste will be incinerated using plasma
technology. The initial capacity of the incinerator will be 50
tonnes per day, which will gradually increase to 400 tonnes
per day as occupancy increases. Energy from the incinerator 4. http://www.wastekeysheets.net/pdf/s_guide_final.p
will be used to generate thermal power for consumption df
within a city. 5. About City Science, MIT Cities, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 2012. Web. Last
accessed 8 Feb. 2014.
4. Conclusion
http://cities.media.mit.edu/about/cellular-city

This Technical Report provides an insight into what is

6.
meant by a "smart sustainable city (SSC)" and the
underlying factors that make a city smart.
This Technical Report analyzed approximately 120
existing definitions of smart sustainable cities from
various sources to determine a common theme
identifying a smart sustainable city. 7.
In addition, this Technical Report considered the key
indicators and categories which should be taken into
account for a smart sustainable city.
Although this Technical Report is based on secondary
data sources, it can be extremely useful to understand
the concept of a smart sustainable city.
Similarly, this Technical Report can form the basis of 8.
developing a standard definition of a global smart
sustainable city and subsequently can be used to
develop a framework to measure the performance of a
smart sustainable city.
Finally, a proposed comprehensive definition of a smart
sustainable city has been presented.
Zhao, Jingzhu, Towards Sustainable Cities
in China, SpringerBriefs in Environmental
Science, Springer, 2011a. Page 2. Web.
Last accessed 8 Feb. 2014.
http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F
978-1-4419-8243-8
Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M.,
Trousse, B., Nilsson, M., Smart cities and
the Future Internet: Towards Cooperation
Frameworks for Open Innovation, 2011a
(page 172). Web. Last accessed 15 Feb.
2014. http://www-
sop.inria.fr/axis/pages/bestpaper/FIA2011t
.pdf.
IBM, India Needs Sustainable Cities, IBM
SMARTER PLANET, Web. Last accessed
6 Feb. 2014.
http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/in/en/s
ustainable_cities/ideas/

5. Acknowledgements
This Technical Report was researched and principally
authored by Professor S.D. Khandekar from the Savitribai
Phule. The author also acknowledges the guidance and
support from all the members of the RMD Sinhgad
Institute.

6. REFERENCES
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