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Disease Causative Agent How it is acquired Prevention

Bubonic Plague Yersinia pestis This form is usually the result of -Do not handle sick or dead
an infected flea bite animal bodies. But if you
must, then use gloves plus
face and eye protection.
-Avoid rodents (mice, rats)
and rodent droppings.
-Avoid insect bites by using
an insect repellent
containing DEET.
-Eliminate fleas from your
home.

Septicemic Yersinia pestis This form results from bites of -Do not handle sick or dead
Plague infected fleas or from handling animal bodies. But if you
an infected animal. must, then use gloves plus
face and eye protection.
-Avoid rodents (mice, rats)
and rodent droppings.
-Avoid touching infected
tissues, materials, or body
fluids from a plague-
infected person or animal.
Pneumonic Yersinia pestis Pneumonic plague may develop -Do not handle sick or dead
plague from inhaling infectious animal bodies. But if you
droplets or from untreated must, then use gloves plus
bubonic or septicemic plague face and eye protection.
that spreads to the lungs. -Avoid rodents (mice, rats)
and rodent droppings.
-Avoid insect bites by using
an insect repellent
containing DEET.
-It is always a good idea to
wash your hands regularly
and avoid touching your
eyes, nose, and mouth.
Botulism Clostridium Botulism can be acquired from -Be sure to use proper
botulinum foods that are not canned techniques when canning
properly at home foods at home to ensure
that any botulism germs in
the food are destroyed
-Don't eat preserved food if
its container is bulging or if
the food smells spoiled.
Tularemia or Francisella Tick and deer fly bites -Use of insect repellent
rabbit fever tularensis Skin contact with -Wearing gloves when
infected animals handling sick or dead
Ingestion of animals
contaminated water -Avoiding mowing over
Inhalation of dead animals
contaminated aerosols
or agricultural dusts
Laboratory exposure
Cutaneous Bacillus A cutaneous anthrax infection -Control of anthrax in
anthrax anthracis enters your body through a cut livestock herds is essential
or other sore on your skin for prevention of its spread
to humans.
-Safety regulations
covering rendering plants
and factories processing
wool and hides must be
adhered to. Workers
should also wear protective
clothing.
Gastrointestinal Bacillus This form of anthrax infection -Control of anthrax in
anthrax anthracis begins by eating undercooked livestock herds is essential
meat from an infected animal for prevention of its spread
to humans.
-Safety regulations
covering rendering plants
and factories processing
wool and hides must be
adhered to. Workers
should also wear protective
clothing.
Inhalation Bacillus Inhalation anthrax develops -Control of anthrax in
(pulmonary) anthracis when you breathe in anthrax livestock herds is essential
anthrax spores for prevention of its spread
to humans.
-Safety regulations
covering rendering plants
and factories processing
wool and hides must be
adhered to. Workers
should also wear protective
clothing.
Injection Bacillus It's contracted through injecting -Control of anthrax in
anthrax anthracis illegal drugs livestock herds is essential
for prevention of its spread
to humans.
-Safety regulations
covering rendering plants
and factories processing
wool and hides must be
adhered to. Workers
should also wear protective
clothing.
Brucellosis Brucella Eating undercooked The best way to prevent
meat or consuming brucellosis infection is to
unpasteurized/raw be sure you do not
dairy products consume: undercooked
Breathing in the meat, unpasteurized dairy
bacteria that cause products, including: milk,
brucellosis (inhalation) cheese, and ice cream
Bacteria entering the
body through skin
wounds or mucous
membranes
C. perfringens Clostridium Beef, poultry, gravies, -Cook and keep food at the
infection perfringens and dried or pre-cooked correct temperature.
foods are common -Refrigerate leftovers and
sources of C. reheat them properly
perfringens infections.
C. perfringens infection
often occurs when
foods are prepared in
large quantities and
kept warm for a long
time before serving.

Salmonella Salmonella Poultry, beef, milk, and -Cook poultry, ground beef,
infection eggs may contain and eggs thoroughly. Do
Salmonella bacteria, not eat or drink foods
since the bacteria live in containing raw eggs, or raw
the intestines of (unpasteurized) milk.
humans and animals -Wash hands, kitchen work
Foods, including surfaces, and utensils with
vegetables and fruits, soap and water
may also be immediately after they
contaminated during have been in contact with
handling or processing raw meat or poultry.
of the food -Be particularly careful with
Small rodents such as foods prepared for infants,
hamsters, as well as the elderly, and the
baby chicks and immunocompromised.
ducklings, may also
carry the bacteria

E. Coli Infection Escherichia coli Improper food handling -Practice meticulous


Food processing personal hygiene. This is
Contaminated water true not only for family
Person to person members (and guests), but
Animals for anyone interfacing with
the food supply chain
-Be careful to avoid cross
contamination when
preparing and cooking
food, especially if beef is
being served.
-Do not allow children to
share bath water with
anyone who has any signs
of diarrhea or stomach
flu
Shigellosis Shigella Shigella can be -The spread of Shigella
transmitted through from an infected person to
food, other persons can be
including salads (potato avoided by frequent and
, tuna, shrimp, careful hand-washing with
macaroni, and chicken), soap and hot water
raw vegetables, milk -Drink only treated or
and dairy products, and boiled water, and eat only
meat. cooked hot foods or fruits
Contamination of these you peel yourself
foods is usually through
the fecal-oral route

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