Chapter-5

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

1. Complex numbers and quadratic equations

Number of teaching hours : 8

Total marks : 10

Blue - Print

1 Mark 2 Marks 3 Marks Total

1 3 1 10
OR
- 2 2 10
OR
1 1 2 10

1 Mark Questions

1. Express the following in the form a + i b



a) b) i-35

Find the real and imaginary part of 3

2


2.

-1 + 3
3. Write the multiplicative inverse of
a) 4 - 3i b)
4. Write the complex conjugate of (1 + i )2
5. Find the real numbers x and y if ( x - iy ) ( 1 + i ) is the conjugate
of -3 -2i


6. Evaluate :  
+ 1




7. Find the sqare roots of


8. Solve : x2 +3=0


9. Find the modulus of
10. Find the amplitude of 1 + i

1
 2 Marks Questions

1. Express the following in the form a + ib

(a) (5 - 3i)3 (b) 3 (7 + i7) + i (7 + i7)


(c) (1 + i) (1+2i) (d)


 

1
3 + 3
  
(e) (f)

+ + +
    
    
(g) (h)


2. Find the conjugate of


a) (1 + 2i) (2 - 3i) b) c) (2 + 5i)2

  

3. Find the multiplicative inverse of

  
(a) (b)


4. If 'n' is any integer find in + in+1 + in+2 + in+3


  
5. If Z1 = 2 - i, Z2 = -2+i. Find imaginary part of

6. Find the values of x and y if

a) ( x + 2y) + i(2x - 3y) = 5 - 4i
b) (1-i) x + (1+i)y = 1-3i
c) (x-iy) (3+5i) is the conjugate of -6 -24i.
!
!
7. If x + iy = Prove that x2 + y2 = 1.

8. If 1 + 43 = (a + ib)2 prove that a2 - b2 = 1 and ab = 23

If Z1 = 2 - i, Z2 = 1 + i. Find " "

  
  
9.



10. Find real and imaginary parts of : Also find its modulus.
 %
# $ =1

11. Find the least +ve integer m such that

'
!  ! 

() (  )
12. If x - iy = . Prove that (x2 + y2)2 =

2
 Solve : *  + *
+ 1 = 0
2
13.


14. Find the modulus and amplitudes of
-3 

(a) 1+ i (b) -1 + i (c) (d)

3 Marks Questions
1. Express complex numbers in Polar form :
(a) 1-i (b) -1 + i

3 + 

(d)
 
 
(e) (f)
 
 
2. Find the conjugate of :
 ,- .
  /- .
3. Find '' so that is
a) Purely real b) Purely imaginary

 
4. Convert complex number

 01, 2

 3452

(a) (b) into polar form.

7

8 = 2 9 + 8  
6
5. If a + ib = (x + iy)1/3 where a, b, x & y are real.
Prove that

# $
 . 

 
6. If Z1 = 1 - i, & Z2 = -2 + 4i. Find imaginary part of
If and are different complex numbers with | |=1 then
" "=1
;<
7.

=;
<
Prove that

< <  
< <  
8. If p + iq = show that p2 + q2 =
9. Solve : (a) x2 + 3x + 9 = 0
(b) 3x2 - 4x + 20/3 = 0
27x2 - 10x + 1 = 0
(d) ix2 - x + 12i = 0

3
 SOLUTIONS

1 Mark Questions

>= = = = 1 + 2

 
 
   
1. a)

 
= = = = = =  = 0 + 1. 
     
 @A  @ . @ . @   
b)

Z = 3
2 ; CD E = 3
2 , GHI. E =
 

2.

=
J 
||  

3. a) Z = 4 - 3i, Multiplicative inverse of Z =

Z = -1 + 3 Multiplicative inverse of Z =

b)

>J = 2
4. Z = (1 + i)2 = 1 - 1 + 2i = 2i

5. (x - iy) (1 + i) = -3 + 2i
(x + y) + i (x - y) = -3 + 2i
x + y = -3

x = 1
2 , 7 = 5
2
x-y=2

 

i18 + # $ =  .   + 
= 1   .  = 1 

6.

' =
 
 
7.

x = + 3
8. x2 + 3 = 0 => x2 = -3

= = 1

 ||


 |
|
5
9. Z= |z| =

r = 2, PQR S = 1
X
10. Z = 1 + i = r ( Cos + i sin )

2
N
TU S = 1
W
2V
Amp = Y
4

4
 TWO MARKS

1. a) Z = (5 - 3i)3 = 53 - 3.52 (-3i) + 3.5 (-3i)2 - (3i)3

= 125 - 225i - 135 + 27 i
= -10 - 198 i

b) 3 (7 + i7) + i (7 + i7) = 21 + 2i i + 7i - 7 = 14 + 28 i

c) (1+i) (1+2i) = 1 + 2i + i-2 = -1 + 3i

= = = 9
25 
   
  


d)

= = = = =0 

 
 
   
      
e)

1
3 + 3 = + 3 . 3 + 3. 9 27
  
  
f)

+  27 9


=

26


=

= = = 1
2 +  1
2
  
  
g)

+ + = + +
     
   

h)

= 3
2  + 4
5 + + 1 + 
 


2 3
= 3
2 + 4
5 + 1 + 
2 + 1 
5

= 
 
^ ^

5
2)a) Z = 1 + 2 2 3 = 2 3 + 4 + 6 = 8 +  EJ = 8 

E= = =
    
   ^
1 7
b)

EJ =
10

EJ = -21 - 20i
c) z = (2 + 5i)2 = 4 20i - 25 = -21 + 20 i

= = =
    
    
3.a) z=




multiplicative inverse of z =

E= = = = =
       
      ^
b)

 

multiplicative inverse of z=

4. in + in+1 + in+2 + in+3 = in (i + i + i2 + i3 )

= in ( 1 + i - 1 - i ) = in - 0
= 0

5.  = 2  2  =
Z1 . >

= 1
5
= -4 - 2i + 2i - 1 = -5
=
 
.a
 

6.a) x + 2y = 5
2x + 4y = 10
2x - 3y = -4 2x - 3y = -4
----------------
7y = 14
y = 2, x = 1

b) x+y= 1
- x + y = -3
2y = -2
y = -1, x=2

6
c) 3x + 5xi - 3iy + 5y = -6 + 24i
(3x + 5y) + i(5x - 3y) = -6 + 24i

3x + 5y = -6 => 9x + 15y = -18

5x - 3y = 24 25x - 15y = 120
--------------------
34x = 102
x = 102 = 3
34
y = -3

7. x + iy = a + ib
a - ib

x - iy = a - ib
a + ib

! !
! !
(x + iy) (x - iy) =
x2 + y2 = 1

1 + 4 3 = 9 + 8 = 9 8  + 298 equating real and imaginary

parts. a2 - b2 = 1, ab = 23
8.

" "= " "= " "= = = 22

      
      
9.

=
 
 
10. z=

= = 1 +  & |z| = 1 + 1 = 2






=
Re z = 1, Img. z = 1,

 %   %  %

# $ = 1 => b 
c = 1 => # $ =1
 
11.

 i2m = 1 = i4
 2m = 4 => m = 2

7
 x iy = '
!
()
12.
!
()
9 8
(x iy)2 =

*  7   2 *7 =
e f
9 8
|*  7   2 *7| = g g
e f
|9 8|
h*  7   + 4*  7  =
|P f |
9 + 8
h* + 7 2* 7 + 4* 7 =
     
P  + f 
9 + 8
h*  + 7  + 2*  7  =
P  + f 
9 + 8
h* + 7  =
  
P  + f 
Ti. QU 8Qj RfDR.
9 + 8
*  + 7   = 
e + f

*  + *
+ 1 = 0
2
13.

2*  + * + 2 = 0

 h.
*=


=
 


*=
 


14.a) Z = 1 + i = r (Cos + isin )

l = 1 + 1 = 2
PQR S = *l = 1

2
7
TU S =
l = 1

2
Amp () = Y
4

8
 Z = -1 +i=r (Cos + isin )
Modulus = 1 + 1 = 2
b)

PQR S = *l = 1

2
7
TU S =
l = 1

Amp () = Y Y
4 = 3Y
4

Z = -3  = l eQRS +  sin S
Modulus = 3 + 1 = 2
c)

PQR S = 3
2

TU S = 1
2

Amp () = 5Y
6

>= = = =
  
  
d)
l = 0 + 1 = 1
PQR S = 0
TU S = 1
qHr S = Y
2

9
 3 Marks Questions

1.
Let Z = 1 i = r ( Cos + I sin )
l = 1 + 1 = 2
a)

PQR S = 1

2 X
N S = Y
4
1
W
TU S =
2V
1  = 2 sPQR Y
4 +  sinY
4t

Let Z = -1 + i = r ( Cos + I sin )

l = 1 + 1 = 2
b)

PQR S = 1
X
2
N S = Y Y
4 = 3Y
4
TU S = 1
W
2 V

1 +  = 2 PQR 3Y
4 + TU 3Y
4

Let Z = 3 + 
l = 3 + 1 = 2
c)

PQR S = 3
X
2u
N S = Y
6
TU S = 1
2 W
u
V
3 +  = 2 PQR Y
6 +  TU Y
6



d) Let Z =

l = v1
4 + 3
4 = 1

PQR S = 1
X
2 u
N S = Y
3
3
TU S =
2W u
V
= PQR Y
3 +  sinY
3
 


10
 

e) Let Z =

l = v1
4 + 3
4 = 1

PQR S = 1
2 X
u
N S = Y Y
3 = 2 Y
3
TU S = + 3
2W
u
V
= PQR 2Y
3 +  sin 2Y
3



 
 
f) Let Z =

= =
 




= -1 + i

l = 1 + 1 = 2

PQR S = 1

2X
N S = Y Y
4 = 3Y
4
TU S = 1
W
2 V

> = 2 PQR 3Y
4 +  sin 3Y
4

>= = =
   

    
2.

= =

  ^

 

 


=

>J =
 


11
 >=
 /- .  /- .
 /- .  /- .
3.

  /- . /- . /- .

 /- .
=

 /- .   /- .

 /- .
=

=0
 /- .
a) Z is purely real

/- .
=>
Sin = 0
= n : n I.

b) Z is purely imaginary

=0
 /- .
/- .
=>
3 4 Sin2 = 0
Sin2 = 3 .

= TU  Y
3
4


= n + (-1)n . Y
3
Sin = +

     
   
4. a) Z = = =

= 4 (-1 + i 3) = 4 + i4 3 = r (Cos + I sin 0)

l = 46 + 48 = 64 = 8

PQR S = 4
= 1
X
8 2u
N S = Y Y
3 = 2Y
3
TU S = + + 3
2W

u
V


Z = 8 PQR 2Y
3 +  sin 2Y
3

12
 >= = =
    
2
01,
 
  

 3452

b)


= =
    
 

= # $+  # $ = l PQR S +  sin S
 
 

 
l = '# $ + # $ =2
 
 

3 1 X
PQR S =
22 u
N S = 5Y
12
3 + 1 W
TU S = u
22 V

5. (a + ib) = (x+iy)1/3
(a+ib)3 = x + iy
a3 + 3a2. ib 3ab2 ib3 = x+iy
(a3 3ab2) + i (3a2b b3) = x + iy
x = a3 3ab2 y = 3a2b b3
x = a2 - 3b2 y = 3a2 b2
a b
x - y = a2 3b2 3a2 + b2 = - 2 (a2 + b2)
a b

. a
= =
  
J  
6.

= =
  
  

= = 4 + 2



# $=2
 .
J
Imaginary part of |z|2 = z.EJ

13
 ; <  
;< ;<
" " =
|;<|
7.
=;
<
= |<
= ;| < 
= ; < = ;

;< ;= < = |<|

=
= |;| <
= ;<;
= <
= ; <;= <;= <;=  |<w  |;|

=  |<|
=
= ; <;
<
= |<|
= ; <;
<

xDUeD " " =1

;<
=1

=;
<

y ri =
<
<
8.

r i =
<
<

.
< <
< <
(p+iq) (p-iq) =


< 
< 
p2 + q2 =

9. a) x2 + 3x + 9 = 0

=
  
 
x=

  

=

14
b) 3x2 4x + 20 = 0
3
9x2 12x + 20 = 0

*= = =
 ^ 
 
  

=



c) 27x2 10x + 1 =0

*= =
^ ^^^ ^ 
   

=




d) ix2 x + 12i=0

=
  
 
x=

*= *=
 
 

x = -4i x = 3i.

15