Mohammed Hassan Alayah

melrayah2014@gmail.com
SITE & ANTENNA TYEPS OF DRIVE
TYEPS TEST 2G & 3G

BENCHMARKING Sites Problems

New Site
(Acceptance)
Drive Test Teams

1. GSM Network Architecture

2. The Access Method TDMA

3.Important Radio Principles.

4. GSM Channels
1. GSM Network Architecture

PSTN Network

OMC
HLR/Auc/EIR
GSM Core Network

GBSC A SS7 Network

MSC/VLR
Abis
Um
SMS-GMSC/IWMSC
MS Gs
Pb

GBTS
Gb Billing Center
EDGE PCU
SGSN
CG
GPRS Core Network
Um
GPRS Backbone
Gi
MT Internet
GGSN

DNS
TE
1. GSM Network Architecture

1.1 Base Station System (BSS)

NSS PSTN/
ISDN
1. GSM Network Architecture

1.2.1 Network & Switching System (NSS)

MSC

PSTN/
ISDN

VLR

AuC
HLR
1.GSM Network Architecture

1.2.2 Network & Switching System (NSS)

MSC

PSTN/
ISDN

EIR

SMS-C VLR

AuC
HLR
GCR
1. GSM Network Architecture

1.3 GPRS Network:

Circuit Switching MSC/VLR

Pocket Switching

PSTN/
ISDN

GSM+GPRS
HLR
SGSN

GGSN
GPRS Internet
GPRS Backbone
Mobile
Drive Test Teams

1. GSM Network Architecture

2. The Access Method TDMA

3. Important Radio principles

4.. GSM Channels

2. Multiple Access - Radio Interface Techniques
2. Multiple Access - Radio Interface Techniques

2.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access

2. Multiple Access - Radio Interface Techniques

2.2 Time Division Multiple Access

2. Multiple Access - Radio Interface Techniques

2.3 Code Division Multiple Access

2. Multiple Access - Radio Interface Techniques

2.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

Drive Test Teams

1. GSM Network Architecture

2. The Access Method TDMA

3. Important Radio Principles

4. GSM Channels
3.1 Frequency band and channels

GSM 900:

890 uplink 915 935 downlink 960

Dulplex distance band : 45 MHz

Uplink: F1=890.2+(n-1)*0.2 (MHz) ARFCN: 0-124

Downlink: F2=uplink+45=f1+45 (MHz)

GSM 1800:
1710 uplink 1785 1805 downlink 1880

Dulplex distance band : 95 MHz

Uplink: F1=1710+(n-512)*0.2 (MHz) ARFCN: 512-884

Downlink: F2=uplink+95=f1+95 (MHz)
 3.1 Frequency band and channels

960 960 1880 MHz

Frequency
axis

200 kHz
DOWNLINK
Band
(BTS ->MS)

935 925 1805

900 bands 1800 bands
(2 x 25 MHz : 124 carriers) (2 x 75 MHz : 374 carriers)
915 915 1785 MHz

ARFCN
UPLINK
Band
MS -> BTS

890 880 1710

possible extension of GSM bands
(2 x 35 MHz : 174 carriers)
3.1 Frequency band and channels

3.1.1 GSM RF Spectrum

3.1 Frequency band and channels
3.1 Frequency band and channels

3.1.2 Frequency Reuse

3.2 Antenna Classification
3.2 Antenna Classification
3.2.1 Antenna Tilting
I. Types of Tilting
Mechanical Tilting : tilting the physical body of the antenna
Electrical Tilting : change the phase of the current fed the internal dipoles which
will result in tilting the main beam.
I. Types of tilting
3.2 Antenna Classification

Adjustable support
Antenna and feeder
Pole(50~114mm) system figure
Connector, insulated airproof
tape, PVC insulated tape

Board antenna
Grounded clip

Feeder(7/8)

Indoor jumper
Outdoor jumper

Thunder protector
Feeder ladder Feeder clip

Feeder window
NodeB
3.4. Site Types
3.5. Network Identity Parameter CGI

CGI=MCC+MNC+LAC+CI

LAI: location Area Identification

MCC = Mobile Country Code.
MNC = Mobile Network Code.
LAC = location Area Code.
Use of LAI:
Paging.
Location Area Updating.
Security.

CGI : Cell Global Identifier

CI = Cell Identity
3.5. Network Identity Parameter CGI

Mobile Country Code (MCC)

Definition: MCC consists of 1~3 decimal numbers. It indicates

the home country of the mobile subscriber.
Format: MCC is composed of 1~3 decimal numbers. The coding
range is decimal 0~999.

Mobile Network Code (MNC)

Definition: MNC is used to uniquely identify a specific GSM

PLMN network in a certain country (decided by MCC).
Format: MNC is composed of 1~3 decimal numbers. The coding
range is decimal 0~999.
3.5. Network Identity Parameter CGI

Location Area Code (LAC)

Definition: To locate the location of MS, the whole area covered

by each GSM PLMN is divided into different location areas. LAC
is used to identify different location areas.
Format: LAI contains LAC. LAC adopts decimal coding. The
available range is from 0 to 65535. One location area can contain
one or more cells.

Cell Identity (CI)

Definition: To uniquely identify each cell in the GSM PLMN, the

network operator needs to allocate one code for each cell, which
is the cell identity (CI). Cell identity, together with LAI, is used for
identity of each cell in the world.
Format: CI is composed of decimal numbers, The available range
is 0~65535.
3.5. Network Identity Parameter BSIC

BSIC=NCC+BCC

In GSM system, each BTS is allocated with a color code, which is

called BSIC. MS can identify two cells with the same BCCH by
the help of BSIC.

In network planning, make sure that BCCH of neighbor cells are

different from the serving cells BCCH to reduce the interference.

Practically it is still possible that a same BCCH is re-used in the

surrounding cells. For cells using the same BCCH in a relevant
near distance, their BSIC must be different so that MS can
identify two neighbor cells with same BCCH.
3.5. Network Identity Parameter BSIC

Network Color Code (NCC)

Definition: NCC is a part of BSIC. MS uses it to distinguish

adjacent BTS that belong to different GSM PLMN.
Format: NCC is composed of decimal numbers, The available
range is 0 to 7.

BTS Color Code (BCC)

Definition: BCC is a part of BSIC. For its function, please refer to

above sections.
Format: BCC is composed of decimal numbers. The available
range is 0~7.
BASIC CONCEPT FOR 2G
3.6. Neighbor Cell Description

There are table BA1 and table BA2.

Table BA1 describes BCCH frequencies of the adjacent cells to
be measured when the MS is in idle mode.
Table BA2 describes BCCH frequencies of the adjacent cells to
be measured when the MS is in dedicated mode.
The Procedure where a radio path to a
mobile user is switched during an active call
without significant degradation in the quality
of service
BTS
BTS BSC
1-Inter-BTS Handovers
2-Inter-BSC Handovers
between two cells connected to the same
3-Inter-MSC Handover
Between
BSC, cells covered
Executed by the
internally bydifferent
the BSC BSC,
where both
without
between the thecovered
MSC,s
cells BSCs arebycontrolled
Knowledge.
separatedb y MSCs
one
MSC
GSM Transmission Process

Satellite
E.Station

Microwave Microwave
Link Link

Um
BSC

BTS Satellite
Satellite E.Station
E.Station

MS

MSC
Fiber Optic Fiber Optic
Drive Test Teams

1. GSM Network Architecture

2. The Access Method TDMA

3. Important Radio Principles

4. GSM Channels
4. GSM Channels

4.1 GSM Logical Channels

Logical channel

Common channel Dedicated channel

(CCH) (DCH)

Broadcast control channel Common control channel Control channel Voice channel
(BCCH) (CCCH) (TCH)

TCH/H
FCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RACH SDCCH FACCH TCH/F
(system information)

TCH/9.6F
SACCH
TCH/ 4.8F, H
TCH/ 2.4F, H
4. GSM Channels

4.2 Downlink and uplink channels

FCCH
Common BCCH SCH Downlink CCCH
BCCH
Channel
PCH
CCCH AGCH
PCH AGCH

SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
FACCH
Channel TCH/F
TCH TCH/H

Common
RACH CCCH Channel

Uplink CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH DCCH Dedicated
FACCH Channel
RACH TCH/F
TCH/H TCH
4. GSM Channels

4.3 Functions of Channels

off state
Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronization sequence SCH
Read system information BCCH

idle mode
Listen paging message PCH
Send access burst RACH
Wait for signaling channel allocation AGCH
dedicated
mode
Call setup SDCCH
Assign traffic channel SDCCH
Conversation TCH
idle mode
Call release FACCH
4. GSM Channels

4.4 Use of Logical Channels during transactions between Network and MS

4. GSM Channels

4.5 Channels Configuration

On the OMC-R the operator can configure the following Radio TS per cell:
Main BCCH timeslot (BCC): TS carrying FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH
Main combined BCCH timeslot (CBC): TS carrying FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH +
SDCCH/4 + SACCH/4
Static SDCCH timeslot (SDC): TS carrying SDCCH/8 + SACCH/8
Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot (SDD): TS carrying TCH + SACCH or SDCCH/8 +
SACCH/8
TCH timeslot (TCH): TS carrying TCH + SACCH or used as a PS timeslot (PDCH)
 4. GSM Channels

Logical Channel Summary

Family Abbreviation Name Type Role/Info carried Burst format

FCCH Frequency Correction Channel MP --> MS Frquence for synthtiser alignement Frquence
Broadcast
SCH Synchronisation Channel MP --> MS Timing syn. - Frame N SNC

BCCH Broadcast Common Channel MP --> MS Broadcast system information Normal

RACH Random Access CHannel PP <-- MS Network access (Channel request) Access

PCH Paging CHannel PP --> MS Subscriber paging (paging) Normal

Common
Control AGCH Access Grant CHannel PP --> MS SDCCH channel assignment (Imm.Ass) Normal

CBCH Cell Broadcast Control CHannel MP --> MS Broadcast short messages (SMS/CB) Normal

NCH Notification CHannel MP --> MS Accessibility notification Normal

Dedicated SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Ctrl CH. PP <----> Out of call signalling Normal
Signalling
(out of call) SACCH Slow Associated Control CH. PP <----> Measurements - P Contr. - Timing adv. Normal

TCH/F Traffic / Full Rate CHannel PP <----> 13 kbit/s traffic Normal

Dedicated
Traffic + TCH/H Traffic / Half Rate CHannel PP <----> 5.6 kbit/s traffic (phase 2) Normal
Signalling
(during call) SACH Slow Associated Control CH. PP <----> Measurements - P Contr. - Timing adv. Normal

FACCH Fast Associated Control CH. PP <----> In call signalling (cycle stealing) Normal
1. GSM Network Architecture

1.1 Base Station System (BSS)

NSS PSTN/
ISDN
1. GSM Network Architecture

1.2.1 Network & Switching System (NSS)

MSC

PSTN/
ISDN

VLR

AuC
HLR
1.GSM Network Architecture

1.2.2 Network & Switching System (NSS)

MSC

PSTN/
ISDN

EIR

SMS-C VLR

AuC
HLR
GCR
1. GSM Network Architecture

1.3 GPRS Network:

Circuit Switching MSC/VLR

Pocket Switching

PSTN/
ISDN

GSM+GPRS
HLR
SGSN

GGSN
GPRS Internet
GPRS Backbone
Mobile
Drive Test Teams

1. GSM Network Architecture

2. The Access Method TDMA

3. Important Radio principles

4.. GSM Channels

2. Multiple Access - Radio Interface Techniques
2. Multiple Access - Radio Interface Techniques

2.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access