object:

To determine the turbidity of the given water sample and

decide if it's good for human consumption or not.

Intro:
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by
suspended solids that are usually invisible to the naked eye.
The measurement of Turbidity is an important test when trying
to determine the quality of water. It is an aggregate optical
property of the water and does not identify individual
substances; it just says something is there.

High turbidity levels can reduce the amount of light reaching

lower depths in bodies of water like rivers, lakes and
reservoirs, which inhibits growth of some forms of aquatic
plants and can negatively affect species that are dependent
on them, like fish and shellfish. High turbidity levels will also
hinder a fishs ability to absorb dissolved oxygen.

Organisms like phytoplankton can contribute to turbidity in

open water. Erosion and effluent from highly urbanized zones
contribute to the turbidity of waters in those areas.

Construction, mining and agriculture, disturb the soil and can

lead to raised levels of sediment which run off into waterways
during storms. Storm water from paved surfaces like roads,
bridges and parking lots also contribute to turbidity.
APPARATUS and materials:
1. Turbidity meter.
2. Sample tubes.
3. Standard tubes.
4. sample of water.

PROCEDURE:
1. Switch on the power supply and check the battery of
turbidity meter.
2. Now we have to calibrate the turbidity.
3. Make sure that the mark on the test tube coincides with
mark on panel.
4. Now standard formazine solution of known turbidity
is placed in the path of light rays and the scale is brought to
the known value of the standard formazine solution

5. Place the sample in turbidity meter and close the cover.

6. Allow the reading for a few seconds to become stabilize

and then take it.
Standers:
Turbidity of drinking water in range of : (0.1 5) NTU

Results:
51.6 NTU (not suitable for drinkink)

Discussion:
From the results we got from the test(51.6)NTU that means
the water sample that we test it is not good for drinking
because it is up to (0.1 5) NTU. And we must treat it before
drinking.
Some errors may occur when we measuring turbidity because of
Air or other entrained gases in the sample before
measurement.
Also, moisture from the outside of the sample cell before placing it in
the instrument as it will affect the turbidity measurement.
Lateness in measuring turbidity leads to temperature changes
and particles flocculation and sedimentation due to changing
sample characteristics. Finally, The reading maybe wrong
because the calibration tubes do not change since 3 years.
And it must be repaced every year.
Al-Nahrain University
College of Engineering
Civil Engineering department

Sanitary Engineering Lab.

Experiment no.3
Measurement Of Turbidity

Written by:
Farook Raad

Group A no.2
Farook Raad
Noor Adil
Sura Mohammed

Date: 31/10/2016