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Presentado por:
Presentado a:
Orlando Penezuela
Grupo: 100408_84
Algebra Lineal
Las matrices y los determinantes son herramientas del algebra que facilitan el
ordenamiento de datos, as como su manejo. Los conceptos de matriz y todos los
relacionados fueron desarrollados bsicamente en el siglo XIX por matemticos
como los ingleses J.J. Sylvester y Arthur Cayley y el irlands William Hamilton.
Las matrices se encuentran en aquellos mbitos en los que se trabaja con datos
regularmente ordenados y aparecen en situaciones propias de las Ciencias
Sociales, Econmicas y Biolgicas.
Especificos
(, ) = (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2
68 = (8)2 + (4 )2
68 = 64 + (4 )2
68 64 = (4 )2
4 = (4 )2
4 = (4)2
2 = 4
2 4 =
= 2 + (4) = 2
= 2 (4) = 6
(, ) = (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2
65 = (4)2 + ( + 4)2
65 = 16 + ( + 4)2
16 65 = ( + 4)2
49 = ( + 4)2
49 = (+4)2
7 = + 4
7 4 =
= 7 + (4) = 3
= 7 (4) = 11
|| = (4 2) + (5 1)
|| = (2)2 + (6)2
|| = 4 + 36
|| = 40 = 6.32
6
= tan1 ( ) = 71,56
2
a. = (3,-4)
= (3)2 + (4)2
= 9 + 16
= 25
= 5 Magnitud
4
=tan1 ( 3 ) = 53,13 Direccion
3- Sean = = + Encuentre tal que:
a) sean ortogonales.
b) sean paralelos.
SOLUCIN
a) = 5; = + 3
,
= 0
(1, 5) (, 3) = 0
+ (15) = 0
= 15
= 15
b) , , :
=
(1, 5) = (, 3)
(1, 5) = (, 3)
:
= 1 (1 )
3 = 5 (2 )
2
5
3 = 5 => =
3
, :
5 3 3
( ) = 1 => = => =
3 5 5
4-Calcule la proyeccin vectorial y la proyeccin escalar indicada en cada
caso, con los vectores dados:
a. Proyeccin de en , para = ; = +
b. Proyeccin de en para = + ; =
SOLUCIN
a. =>
=
: = 2 3; = + 4
(1,4) (2, 3)
= (1,4)
(1,4) (1,4)
2 + (12)
= (1,4)
1 + 16
14
= (1,4)
17
14 56
= ( , )
17 17
:
14 2 56 2
|
| = ( ) + ( )
17 17
+
b. Matriz 4 3, = [ ] para la cual = {
0 =
1 12 13
2 22 23
= [ ] 43 = [ 32 33 ]
3
4 42 43
0 3 4
3 0 5
=[ ]
4 5 0
5 6 7
6. Exprese la matriz = ( ) como una matriz triangular superior,
haciendo uso nicamente de operaciones elementales.
1 2 4 2 1 4 2 3 +1 2 1 4
= (2 0 3) 1 2 ( 0 2 3) ( 0 2 3)
1 1 5 1 1 5 0 3 14
2 3 3 2 2 1 4
( 0 2 3)
0 0 19
a. 2AB
|1 -3 2 | | 2|
C = | -4 5 -2| | 4|
| 6|
C = | C 11 |
| C 12 |
C 11 = [ 1 -3 2] [ 2 4 6 ] = 2- 12 +12 = 2
C 12 = [ -4 5 -2] [ 2 4 6] = -8 + 20 12 = 0
C= |2 | C= 2 | 2 | C=|4|
|0 | | 0 | |0|
| 3 5 3 | | 3 5 3 |
b. C B C = | 1 6 7 | | 1 6 7 |
| 2 8 9 | | 2 8 9 |
C 11 = [3 5 3] [3 1 2] = 9 + 5 + 6 = 20
C 12 = [3 5 3] [5 6 8] = 15 + 30 + 24 = 69
C 13 = [3 5 3] [3 7 9] = 9 + 35 + 27 = 71 |
20 69 71 |
C 21 = [1 6 7] [3 1 2] = 3 + 6 + 14 = 23 C = | 23
97 108|
C22 = [1 6 7] [5 6 8] = 5 + 36 + 56 = 97 | 32
130 143|
C23 = [1 6 7] [3 7 9] = 3 + 42 + 63 = 108
C31 = [2 8 9] [3 1 2] = 6 + 8 + 18 = 32
C32 = [2 8 9] [5 6 8] = 10 + 48 + 72 = 130
C32 = [2 8 9] [3 7 9] = 6 + 56 + 81 = 143
| 20 69 71 | |2|
C= | 23 97 108 | B=|4|
| 742 |
C = | 1082 |
| 1442 |
1 10 2 4
1
a. [ 2 4 ] = [ 3 6]
2
3 1 1 5
Formula: = [] = []
2 4 1 10
= 2 [ 3 6] + [ 2 4]
1 5 3 1
2 + (1) 4 + 10
= 2[ 3 + 2 6+4]
1 + 3 5+1
1 14
= 2 [5 10]
2 6
2 1 2 14
= [2 5 2 10]
22 26
2 28
RESPUESTA = [10 20]
4 12
b.
1 2 4 2 4
+ [3 1] = [ 5 6]
3
7 10 1 12
Formula: = [] = []
Se despeja la incgnita
2 4 2 4
= 3[ 5 6] + [3 1]
1 12 7 10
2+2 4 + (4)
= 3 [ 5 + (3) 6 + (1)]
1 + (7) 12 + 10
4 8
= 3 [ 2 7]
8 22
34 3 (8)
=[ 32 3 (7)]
3 (8) 3 22
12 24
RESPUESTA = [ 6 21]
8 66
f1-
(1/2F4) 1 1 2 -1 1 0 0 - 1/2
f2-(2F4) 0 2 4 -2 0 1 0 -2
f3-F4 0 2 6 2 0 0 1 -1
2 2 4 4 0 0 0 1
1 1 2 -1 1 0 0 - 1/2
0 2 4 -2 0 1 0 -2
0 2 6 2 0 0 1 -1
F4-2F1 0 0 0 6 -2 0 0 2
-
F1-F2 1 1 -2 1 1 -1 0 -2 1/2
-
f2-(2F3) 0 2 -8 -6 0 1 -2 0
F3-F2 0 0 2 4 0 -1 1 1
0 0 0 6 -2 0 0 2
-
1 1 -2 1 1 -1 0 -2 1/2
-
0 2 -8 -6 0 1 -2 0
1/4*F3 0 0 1 1 0 - 1/4 1/4 1/4
0 0 0 6 -2 0 0 2
-
1 1 -2 1 1 -1 0 -2 1/2
1/2*F3 0 1 4 3 0 - 1/2 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 - 1/4 1/4 1/4
0 0 0 6 -2 0 0 2
-
1 1 -2 1 1 -1 0 -2 1/2
0 1 4 3 0 - 1/2 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 - 1/4 1/4 1/4
F4*1/6 0 0 0 1 - 1/3 0 0 1/3
1 0 2 4 1 -1 1/2 1 -2 1/2
0 1 4 3 0 - 1/2 1 0
F3-F4 0 0 1 0 1/3 - 1/4 1/4 - 1/12
0 0 0 1 - 1/3 0 0 1/3
1 0 2 4 1 -1 1/2 1 -2 1/2
F2-4F3 0 1 0 3 -1 1/3 1/2 0 1/3
0 0 1 0 1/3 - 1/4 1/4 - 1/12
0 0 0 1 - 1/3 0 0 1/3
1 0 2 4 1 -1 1/2 1 -2 1/2
F2-3F4 0 1 0 0 - 1/3 1/2 0 - 5/12
0 0 1 0 1/3 - 1/4 1/4 - 1/12
0 0 0 1 - 1/3 0 0 1/3
5 2 1
10. = [ 3 0 5 ]BRA LIN = ( )
1
8 1 5
5 25 3 5 11 10
AdjA=( 11 17 21) () = ( 25 17 22)
10 22 6 3 21 6
5 2 1 5 2
= 3 0 5 3 0 = (0 + 80 3) (0 25 + 30)
8 1 5 8 1
=77-5=72