Monopoly in Pakistan.

"A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given
type of product or service".

. Examples of pure monopolies are rare, but they do exist; some examples include:

Utility companies, such as water and electricity, in particular towns,

Cell service providers in some countries
Professional sports teams (the Denver Broncos are the only professional football team in
Denver)
Microsoft (a near monopolist in PC operating systems)

Examples of Monopoly in Pakistan:

1. Railway
2. Wapda

Railway:

Pakistan Railways, lifeline of the country, is a national state-run transport service. It is

under the administration of federal government and its head quarter is in Lahore. It is an
important source of transportation throughout Pakistan. It carries millions of passengers
throughout the country. . This cheap and safe mode for passengers is now facing a
number of issues. A number of services of Pakistan Railways have been cancelled,
suspended or terminated and many more will be suspended in near future because of
blunder and shortage of mobiles fuel and money. The chapter of all major services, from
Lahore to Karachi, has been closed. It is applicable to mention that all AC services have
been stopped. The unskilled administration has failed to attain engine from any quarter of
the world. Passengers are suffering due to failure of administration. Pakistan Railways
decision to suspend goods train service due to severe shortage of locomotives and fuel is
another blow to this organization. It is now basically financially bankrupt organization. In
other words it is on the verge of financial collapse.

Wapda
Wapda mean water and power development authority
Wapda has monopoly of producing electricity.
Wapda power wing is responsible for planning construction and operation of power
generation transmission and distribution facilities throughout the country except
Karachi area which is served by KESC (Karachi electricity supply corporation)

MONOPLY IN LOCAL INDUSTRY IN GUJRAT.

Akbar kinara restaurant is one of of the biggest example of monopoly in gujrat. When kinara
restaurant is opened no other luxury restaurant is available in gujrat in this way kinara has
charged high prices .
Some more example of monopolistic competition
When you walk into departmental srore to buy toothpaste you will find number of brands like
papsodent colgate doctor sensodine etc

On one hand the market of toothpaste is full of competation with thousand of competin brands
and freedom of entry.on the other hand its market seems to be monopolistic due to uniqueness
of each toothpaste and power to charge different prices.

Such a market for toothpaste is a monopolistic competitive market.

Oligopoly
An oligopoly is an economic market whereby a small number of companies
or countries generate and control the entire supply of a good or service.

An oligopoly is a market structure in which a few firms dominate. When a market is

shared between a few firms, it is said to be highly concentrated. Although only a few
firms dominate, it is possible that many small firms may also operate in the market.

Common Industries Overshadowed By Oligopolies

Cable Television Services
Entertainment Industries (Music and Film)
Airline Industry
Mass Media
Pharmaceuticals
Computer & Software Industry
Cellular Phone Services
Smart Phone and Computer Operating Systems
Aluminum and Steel
Oil and Gas
Auto Industry

Fuel retailing
Fuel retailing in the pakistan is dominated by four major suppliers, including Total Shell,
Pakistan state oil, Attock. Admore, etc.
Oligopolies in local market
Some of luxuary hotel like Akbar Kinara, Bombay chopaty, mirch masala restaurant silver spoon
are control the whole market of gujrat.

Some fans industries like GFC fan ROYAL fan PAK fan capture the whole market.

Gondal group gujrat and Izhar group gujrat are also in oligopoly in gujrat.

Pure Competition
Pure competition is a term that describes a market that has a broad range of competitors who
are selling the same products.

Examples of pure competition.

In the industry of garments most of the brand like Break out out fitter Engine Backbenchers
Levis Forecast ROYAL tag etc are in pure competition. Almost all the product and price are same.
Customers has choice to purchase the product according own wish.