EKSTRA EMBRIONIC MEMBRANE

By:
Name : Safira Dwi Oktaviani
Student ID : B1B015002
Group : VII
Subgruop :1
Assistant : Sarah Nurul Fadhiila

PRACTICAL RREPORT OF ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND HIGHER EDUCATION

JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2016
 I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background

Extra embryonic membrane is the cellular membrane formed by a layer of lateral

mesoderma, which is an embryonic derivatization mesoderma. Extra embryonic

membrane formed in conjunction with embryonic development, and plays an

important role in embryonic development. Birth or hatching period, the structure of

the extra embryonic membranes do not become part of the body of the organism.

Membranes have the extra embryonic role in providing nutrients during embryonic

development, protection against disturbances that come from the environment, and

act as excretory function (Rosadi, 2008).

In the mammalian class, represented by mice and class aves are represented

equally olrh chickens have four extra embryonic membrane, among which the

amnion, chorion (some library call serous), allantois and saccus vitellinus. The

amnion is formed from somatopleura ie dual meso and ectoderm layers are folded

toward the dorso-median embryo from the anterior, posterior and lateral. Wall

amniotic epithelium differentiate into secretory and produce amniotic fluid. The

amnion protects the embryo from dehydration, attachment organs are being formed,

giving space for the movement of the embryo and gives protection against

mechanical shock (Kosasih, 1975). Amniotic membrane full term amniotic

membrane comprise 1300 to 1500 cm2 in surface area .amniotic membrane content

two surfaces amnion which is bathed in amniotic fluid and contain epithelial cells

,based on basement membrane ,second layer is chorion continue with decidual layer

of maternal side. Chorion is rich in collagen .amniotic membrane have growth

factor ,cytokines (Bani, 2012) .

Chorion is extra embryonic membrane that is located outermost. This structure is

formed simultaneously with the formation of the amnion. Chorion was instrumental
in O2 and CO2 gas exchange between embryos with air. Yolk sac (saccus vitellinus)

formed from splanknopleura, ie double layer meso and entoderma that fold towards

the ventral embryo. Saccus vitellinus walls have enzymes that can digest the nutrient

reserves in the form of yolk and equipped with blood vessels to facilitate the

transport of nutrients into the body of the embryo. Saccus vitellinus in mammals is

not formed from the yolks and this phase is the initial stage of the formation of red

blood cells. Part of the membranes will unite with the umbilical cord or umbilical

cord. The placenta is a form of differentiation of the chorion and is found only in

mammals. The placenta is the sac that contains the food reserves necessary for

embryonic development (Huttner, 1980).

Allantois is formed from the evaginasi (perlekukan outwards) splanknopleura

posterior to the yolk sac (saccus vitellinus). Along with the growth of the embryo,

allantois pouches will expand and will fill the space between the amnion and

chorion. When reaching chorion allantois walls in certain parts, both of which will

fuse and become vascularized formed chorio-allantois (Sagi, 1981).

Preparations used in the lab extra embryonic membranes are a class of mammals

represented mice (Mus musculus) and the ave class represented by the chickens.

Mice and chickens are farm animals, so to get very easy. The reason the use of mice

and chicken embryos in the lab this time because mice and chicken embryos are

easily observed, easily obtainable and relatively small size. Another reason is

because the mice used in pregnant mice, can be found embryos which number more

than one, so not too many mice used in the lab. In use them chickens because

chickens produce eggs every day so it is not difficult to find preparations.

B. Porpose

The purpose of this lab is to recognize and draw extra embryonic membrane
morphology and explain the function of each - each.
II. MATERIAL AND METODE

A. Material
 The tools used in the lab extra embryonic membranes are scissors and tweezers,
watch glass and pencil.
Materials used in the lab extra embryonic membrane is the old chicken embryos
15-1 days or ambrio age 11-16 minutes a day.

B. Method

The method used in this lab are as follows:

1. Tools and materials needed in the lab prepared.

2. chicken egg shell cut on the side of the inefficacy of a circle so that the inner
shell membrane can be seen.
3. The shell membrane cut carefully and look for the section on shell vascularized
membrane. The sections are chorio-allantois.
4. The embryo / fetus taken out of the shell and place it on the watch glass.
5. The bags contain a transparent fluid immediately wrapped embryos was
observed. The amniotic sac is.
6. Section yolk observed, and try to identify saccus vitelinus.
7. The bags contain a yellowish clear liquid with a larger size than amnion
identified. These bags are allantois.
8. The part of the eggshell was observed, sought chorion / serosanya.
9. Pregnant Mice Yag been specified age are turned off by Cervical dislocation.
Mice in surgical abdominal wall and uterus containing a fetus removed
10. Put the fetus in the uterus containing over petri dishes, surgical uterus from
anterior to posterior direction hungga looked fetus and placenta. Shearing of the
uterus done with caution so as not mengguntung fetus or extra embryonic
membrane
11. Remove beseta fetal placenta from the uterine wall using tweezers
12. Identifikas placenta, amniotic and extra embryonic membrane more visible.
13. The embryo / fetus with the extra embryonic membrane drawn and identify the
parts. Attach the report
 III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result
3.1.1 Extra embryonic membrane of chick embryo

1
.
4
.
2

(A) (B)

Details:

Figure (A) : Extra embryonic membrane in chicken embryo

Figure (B) : Schematic extra embryonic membrane on chicken embryo

Figure Details :

1. Yolk Sac
2. Amnion
3. Chorion
4. Allatois

3.1.2 Extra embryonic membrane of mice embryo

 3

(A) (B)

Details:

Figure (A) : Extra embryonic membrane in mice embryo

Figure (B) : Schematic extra embryonic membrane on miceembryo

Figure Details :

1. Umbilical Cord
2. Amnion
3. Placenta
 B. Discussion

Extra embryonic membrane is the cellular membrane formed by a layer of

lateral mesoderma, which is an embryonic derivatization mesoderma. Extra

embryonic membrane formed in conjunction with embryonic development, and plays

an important role in embryonic development. Birth or hatching period, the structure

of the extra embryonic membranes do not become part of the body of the organism.

Membranes have the extra embryonic role in providing nutrients during embryonic

development, protection against disturbances that come from the environment, and

act as excretory function (Rosadi, 2008).

In eksta embryonal embryonic membrane's function as protector, as food reserves

while still an embryo, as a medium for the exchange of air. Number and type of extra-

embryonic membranes in vertebrates animals sanggat varied. In fish and amphibians only

have two kinds of extra-embryonic membranes, in the form of yolk sacs / saccus vitellinus.

In the reptile da naves have four types of extra embryonic membrane, the amnion, chorion

some call serous, allatios and saccus vitellinus. In mammalian membrane embrionalnya

eksktra same as in birds or aves extra embryonic membranes in the form of a membrane or

cellular membrane formed in conjunction with embryonic development and plays an

important role in embryonic development. The developing embryo requires nutrients,

means to remove metabolic waste, and better protection of the physical, or biological

Thursday at the micro and macro environment, so that the embryo can develop and grow

well. Extra embryonic membrane in shape to meet the needs of the embryo. This structure

in the form of embryonic tissue but does not become part of the body of the organism in

the period after birth or hatching (Yatim, 1982).

In chicken embryos were included into the class aves, has 4 extra-embryonic

membrane layer that amnion, chorion, allantois, and saccus vitellinus or chickens that yolk

sacs. The amnion is a transparent liquid that immediately wrapped embryo. Functions as
the attachment of organs are being formed, protects the embryo from dehydration,

protects the embryo from mechanical shock and provide space for the movement of

embryos (Sugimoto, 2007).

Chorion is extra embryonic membrane that is located outermost. This structure is

formed simultaneously with the formation of the amnion. Chorin role in O2 and CO2 gas

exchange between the embryo and the air. Saccus vitellinus formed from splanknopleura ie

double layer meso and entoderma that fold towards the ventral embryo. Saccus vitellinus

walls have enzymes that can digest the nutrient reserves in the form of yolk and equipped

with blood vessels to facilitate the transport of nutrients to the body of the embryo (Sagi,

1981).
Allantois formed began evaginasi (perlekukan outwards) splanknopleura saccus

vitellinus posterior side. As the growth of the embryo, allantois sac enlarged and will fill the

space between the amnion and chorion. When the wall chorion allantois reaches a certain

section of the two fuse and become vascularized formed chorio-allantois (Sagi, 1981).

In the mouse embryo contained parts extra embryonic membrane in mouse

embryo observed were chorion, amnion, and the umbilical cord or umbilical cord.

The amnion (amniotic fluid) which is a transparent liquid that immediately wrapped

embryo. Functions as the attachment of organs are being formed, protects the embryo

from dehydration, protects the embryo from mechanical shock and provide space for

the movement of the embryo. Umbilical cord or rope we are familiar with the term

pusat.menghubungkan embryo with a major food source (Sugimoto, 2007).

Chorion is an outer membrane of the embryo. Chorion be a place where gas

exchange occurs, and nutrition. Chorion differentiate into embryonic parts that make

up the placenta. Chorion not only act as a wrapper, but also a role for nutrition,

excretion, filtration and hormonal systems. The placenta is a structure formed by

linkage between the membranes to the endometrium extra embryos for purposes of

physiological exchange. Structurally the placenta consists of two parts, the fetal
placenta that was built by the extra embryonic membranes and maternal placenta,

which is built by the uterine endometrium. Chorion in mammals comes from

trophoblas and together with the allantois participate in the formation of the placenta

along with endometrial stem. (Sugimoto, 2007).

In chicken embryos and mice embryos are keeping the difference is, in the

chick embryo yolk sac or saccus there vitellinus which serves as a backup food or

nutrition for the embryo. In mammals, the yolk sac that serves as food reserves

replaced fungsing with placenta that serves as a source of nutrients for embryos.

According to Sagi (1981) vitellinus saccus walls have enzymes that can digest the

nutrient reserves in the form of yolk and equipped with blood vessels to facilitate the

transport of nutrients into the body of the embryo. While in mice there are placenta is

formed from the chorion berdifernsiasi. Placenta is formed into a meal or nutritional

reserves for the embryo. umbilical cord or rope we are familiar with the term embryo

pusat.menghubungkan the main food source (Sugimoto, 2007).

 IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Based on previous results and discussion can be concluded as follows:

1. Extra embryonic membranes contained in the mouse embryo that is chorion /
serous, amnion, saccus vitellinus, and allantois.
2. Membrane extra embryonic chicken is contained in the yolk, amnion and
allantois
3. The function of each - each extra embryonic membrane is a direct protective
embryo, and give a liquid environment for the development of the embryo, thus
preserving the embryo of drought, is a function of the amnion. Chorion serves as a
venue for the exchange of gases, nutrients and differentiate into embryonic
constituent part of the placenta. Saccus vitellinus to connect embryos with the
main source of food. Part of this membrane together with the umbilical cord, or
we are familiar with the term umbilical cord. Allantois serves as a reservoir of
metabolic waste, especially of uric acid excreted by the embryo during
development.

B. Suggestion

should at this time praktikan practical examples are given extra embryonic
membranes on other animals that represent each of each class of animals.
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New York. The Mec Millan Company.

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Sagi, M. 1981. Embriologi Perbandingan Vertebrata. Universitas Gajah Mada,

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Sugimoto et al., 2007. Ovalbumin in Developing Chicken Eggs Migrates from Egg
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