11/28/2017 KAPPA - Emeraude overview

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Emeraude - Production Logging

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Production logs, or PLs, are run on production or injection wells, with the goal of evaluating the well itself and/or the reservoir performance. Put
simply, for producing wells, we need to determine what fluid is coming from which zone, and how much. The PL string may be a relatively
simple, conventional configuration run in vertical or deviated wells that, based on the assumption the tool is centralised in the flow, measures
the bulk flowrate using a calibrated spinner and then discriminates the fluid type(s) using a suite of tools usually including density, pressure and
temperature applied to flow correlations in Emeraude.

With the proliferation of horizontal wells in recent years the PL strings have, by necessity, become increasingly complex. The challenge is to
handle segregated flow by various distributed measurements around and across the section of the pipe. Emeraude has kept pace with these
developments and offers a choice of calculation schemes and visualisation options to cope with these multiple array tools from any vendor.

New Emeraude v5.12

Emeraude Workflow

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DocumentInitialization Survey PLInterpretation Output

Document Initialization
General data

General Data
Open hole logs and deviation surveys are loaded. This data is used to depth match the PLT data, and also to correct some tools
response and as an input of the multiphase flow correlations.

If saturation and porosity logs are also loaded, Emeraude will automatically create a track displaying the formations fluid volumes.

Completion details
The internal diameter, depth of the perforations and reservoir zones, markers, pipe roughness and deviation are loaded in the completion
details.

Emeraude will use these as inputs for Zone rates calculations.

Well Sketch
It is possible to create a completion diagram of the well, by selecting completion items (casing, tubing, cement, etc.) from a list.

In Emeraude, the well Sketch is for illustrative purposes only, the diameter and length of the components are not used as an input for the
calculation process.

Survey

Load PL data Editing data

PL tool configuration

Load PL data
Passes and stationary data are loaded from LIS, LAS and ASCII files.

Automatic tracks are built to give an instant view of the log data, whilst customized views can be created through the use of snapshots
and templates, permitting fast navigation through the data.

PL Interpretation
Define reference channels Spinner calibration

Velocity calculation PVT

Rate calculation Global regression

Define reference channels

The reference channels will be used to compute the PVT properties and also in the regression during zone rates calculation.

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In Emeraude, pressure temperature and any relevant hold-up or density channel need to be defined. If more than one pass is selected,
a lateral average will be applied.

Output
Logs and reports Summary table

Exporting output

Log and reports

The interpretations result is presented in the form of a cumulative and contribution profiles with phase rates. This can be at downhole
or standard conditions.

A built-in report can be printed and previewed that includes predefined sections. It is possible to produce a report in MS-Word using
the OLE interface of Emeraude. A template MS-Word report is installed and can be customized as required.

Types of Tests
Horizontal PLT SIP

Thermal Steam

APERM Leak detection

Horizontal PLT
Since the 1980s, the number of horizontal wells has increased dramatically. As the flow regime is normally segregated, it is not possible
to use conventional tools to obtain the production profile. More complex multiprobe or array tools are used, with distributed
measurements around the cross section of the pipe.

Emeraude includes specific treatment for the Schlumberger PFCS, GHOST and FSI, the GE Sondex MAPS suite (CAT, RAT and SAT) and
Hunter probe tools. Image views are created and cross sections displayed at any depth, and for any combination of passes. A
regression process fits the discrete measurements with the relevant 2D models, contingent on user-defined constraints on
segregation, phase presence or other tools. The output can be presented for QA/QC and results compared with the raw data. Average
values of phase holdups, mixture velocity, and phase rates are produced and serve as inputs to the final interpretation.

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