Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting

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Read: Orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting

Comparison between the orthogonal and oblique cutting

Orthogonal cutting Oblique Cutting

The cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the The cutting edge of the tool is inclined to the direction
direction of feed motion. of feed motion.

Chip flow is expected to in a direction perpendicular to The chip flow angle is more than zero.
the cutting edge.

There are only two components of force; these There are three mutually perpendicular forces acting
components are mutually perpendicular. while cutting process.

The cutting edge is larger than cutting width. The cutting edge may or may not be larger than cutting
width.
Chips are in the form of a spiral coil. Chip flow is in a sideways direction.

High heat concentration at cutting region. Less concentration of heat at cutting region compared
to orthogonal cutting.

For a given feed and depth of cutting, the force acts on Force is acting on a large area, results in more tool life.
a small area as compared with oblique cutting, so tool
life is less.

Surface finish is poor. Good surface finish obtained.

Used in grooving, parting, slotting, pipe cutting. Used almost all industrial cutting, used in drilling,
grinding, milling.

Differences between Shaper and Planer Machines

ME Mechanical Team

Last updated: Mar 16, 2016

Comparison between shaper and planer machines is given below in the tabular form.

S.no Shaper Planer

In a shaper machine work is held stationary and

In a planar machine, the tool is stationary and work piece
1 the cutting tool on the ram is moved back and
travels back and forth under the tool.
forth across the work.

A planer is meant for larger jobs than can be undertaken

Shaper can be used for shaping much smaller
2 shaper. Jobs as large as 6 meter wide and twice as long ca
jobs.
machined on a planer.

3 A shaper is a light machine. A planer is a heavy duty machine.

4 Shaper can employ light cuts and finer feed. Planer can employ heavier cuts and coarse feed.

5 Shaper uses one cutting tool at a time. Planer uses several tools to cut simultaneously.
 The shaper is driven using quick return The drive on the planer table is either by gears or by hydr
6
mechanism. means.

Due to better rigidity of planer machine, compared to tha

7 It is less rigid and less robust.
shaper, planer can give more accuracy on machined surfa

Image sources: felder-gruppe.at and jiwan.in

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Comparison of Machining Processes

S.no Shaper Planer

In a shaper machine work is held stationary and

In a planar machine, the tool is stationary and work piece
1 the cutting tool on the ram is moved back and
travels back and forth under the tool.
forth across the work.

A planer is meant for larger jobs than can be undertaken on a

Shaper can be used for shaping much smaller
2 shaper. Jobs as large as 6 meter wide and twice as long can be
jobs.
machined on a planer.

3 A shaper is a light machine. A planer is a heavy duty machine.

4 Shaper can employ light cuts and finer feed. Planer can employ heavier cuts and coarse feed.

5 Shaper uses one cutting tool at a time. Planer uses several tools to cut simultaneously.

The shaper is driven using quick return The drive on the planer table is either by gears or by hydraulic
6
mechanism. means.
 Due to better rigidity of planer machine, compared to that of a
7 It is less rigid and less robust.
shaper, planer can give more accuracy on machined surfaces.