Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,

Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com

UGC Approved Sr. No.45269, JULY-AUG 2017, VOL- 4/35

xka/kh fopkj/kkjk esa izfrfcafcr lkoZf=d fodkl

Ogh- ,l- baxGs, Ph. D.

jkT; kkL= foHkkx izeq[k, Xkks- lh- xkoaMs egkfo|ky; mej[ksM, ft- ;orekG egkjkV fiu 445206
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

Okru fd fQ dj tknkWa eqlhcr vkusokyh gSA

Rksjh cckZfn;kW ds ekojs gS vklekuksa esaA
Uk le>ksx
a as rks feV tkvksx
a s ,s fganksLrksa okyksAa
rqekjh nkLrkWa rd Hkh u gksrh nkLrkuksa esAa
bdcky us vktknh ds le; vkilh erHksn feVkdj gkSlyk cqyna djusokyh dfork fy[kh mldh dqN iafDr;kW
izLrkouk
Xkak/khokn ,d thouiz.kkyh gSA Xkak/khokn ,d fopkj/kkjk gSA ftl vk/kkjij U;k;] Lora=rk]
lekurk vkSj ca/kwrk tSls ewY; lekt esa o`)haxr djus ds fy, mi;ksxh fl) gksrs gSA xka/kh;qx dk izkjaHk
chloh lnh esa gqvkA ftlus lai.w kZ foo dks lR; vkSj vfgalk dh vk/kkjij thou ftus dk jkLrk crk;k
vkSj kafrdkjh Hkqfedk dk fuekZ.k fd;kA miksk.k] lR;kxzg] vlgdkj] vkanksyu vkSj lfou; dk;nsHkax
tSls lk/kuksa dh vk/kkjij Lok/khurk ikus dk ewyea= fn;kA bUgh lk/kuksa dh vk/kkjij jkVh; vkanksyu
dk tu vkanksyu esa :ikarj dj fn;kA 1919 ls 1947 rd pyk;s x;sa tu vkanksyu dh ek/;e ls
lkezkT;oknh fczfVk Lkkk dks fgykdj j[k fn;kA o.kZHksn dk fojks/k djus ds fy, fons k esa vkanksyu
pyk;kA jkVh; ,dkRerk ds fy, xka/khthus LojkT; dh ladYiuk dks ego fn;kA xka/khth y?kq vkSj
dqVhj m|ksxksadks ego nsdj Hkkjrh;ksd
a ksa Lokoyach cukuk pkgrs FksAa efkuksa dh txg ij Je dks Ekgo
nsuk pkgrs Fksa vkSj ljy thou ij fookl djrs FksAa L=h;ksa dh fk{kk ds os i{k/kj FksaA os jpukRed
vknkZoknh FksAa muds LoIukas ds Hkkjr dk izR;sd lnL; /keZfujis{k jgdj lR; vkSj vfgalk ds ekxZij
py dj jkVh; ,drk ,oa v[kaMrk dk egku nkf;o fuHkkus okyk FkkA fookkarh LFkkfir djus ds fy,
;q) ds ctk,W euq; ds O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd thou esa larwyu LFkkfir djds fd;k tk ldrk gS ,Slk
os dgrs FksaAA xka/khth ds fopkj vkt Hkh foo ds lHkh ;qokvksa dks izHkkfor djrs gSA mUgksus ohj iq:kksd
a s
vfgalk dk leFkZu fd;k tc dh kDrhghu yksaxks dh vfgalk dk leFkZu ugh djrsA vkarjjkVh; Lrj
ds ;g egku O;Drh ds fopkj dk leFkZu frCcr /kkfeZd usrk nykbZ ykek] nf{k.k vkfQzdk ds usYlu

Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 Dr. V. S. Ingale
(Pg. 6229-6234) 6230

eaMsyk vkSj vefjdk ds ekfVZu Y;qFkj fdax bUgksus fd;kA os xksgR;kcanh ,oae e|iku ds fojks/k esa FksAa
fu%kqYd izkFkfed fk{kk jkT;ksa dk ms k vkSj dk;Z gksuk pkfg, ,Slk xka/khth ekurs FksAa mUgksus jktuhfr
dk v/;kfRedj.k fd;kA /keZ dk ykSfddhdj.k fd;kA tks vkt ds ;qx esa jkVh; ,fddj.k ds {ks= esa
jkeck.k fl) gksxkA xka/khth dk nkZu /keZ dh lqn`< uhoij vofLFkr gSA /keZ] lR; rFkk vfgalk ij
vk/kkfjr ,d uSfrd thou i)rh gSA vknkZ uSfrdrk vkSj /keZ ,d gh oLrw ds vusd uke gSA jktuhfr
esa iapk;r jkt vkSj vf/kdkjksads fodsna zhdj.k dk oksa leFkZu djrs FksAa

xka/khth oSpkfjd iznqk.kksd

a ksa fu;af=r djus dk ,dek= ljy vkSj lgt ekxZ gSA orZeku
;qx fd lalkj esa xka/khthus crk,W ekuoh eqY;ksd
a k fNik jgL; FkkA ftlesa ekuoh; izse] mnkjrk]
lfg.kwrk vkSj ekuoh /keZ vkfn xq.k lafEeyhr gSA jktuhfr esa vkt Hkh rFkkdfFkr jktuhfrd nyksaus
LokFkZiw.kZ n`fVdksu dks viukrs gq,W xka/khthdks >qBykus dk Hkjiwj iz;kl fd;kA ysfdu vkt Hkh cgwr
cMk leqnk; xka/khthds fopkjksadks kkarrk vkSj lqO;oLFkk LFkkihr djds fodkl djus ds fy, mi;ksxh
le>rs gSA xka/khth dk dguk Fkk dh Hkkjr xkoksa dk ns k gSA blds iqufuekZ.k dk vk/kkj xkWo gh gks
ldrk gSA vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj kgjhdj.k ls Hkkjr fodlufky ns k fd iafDr;kW es [kMk gks ldrk gSA
ij xkWoksa fd mUurh ds fcuk Hkkjr fd mUurh fd ckr egt ikuh esa dkxt fd uko pykus tSlk gSA
blfy, egkjkV es jkVh; jkstxkj geh ;kstuk] jkstxkj X;kjaVh ;kstuk] gj ,d xkWo ds gj gkFk dks
jkstxkj nsuk vkSj y?kq rFkk dqfVj m|ksx
a pykus izksRlkfgr djuk t:jh gSA xka/khth fd xzkeh.k fodkl
fd ifjdYiuk fo|eku Hkkjr dk Hkfo; FkhA djksM
a ks gkFkksa us mRiknu djus ls Hkwd feVrh] fokerk
?kVrh] leL;ksals >xMus ds fy, iq:kkFkZ txrk] ubZ psruk u;k la?kBu] u;h ,drk fn[kkbZ nsrhA
vkilh fookn lekIr djus gsrq egkRek xka/kh raVkeqDr vfHk;ku tSlk dk;Ze ljdkj }kjk pyk;k tk
jgk gSA egkRek xka/khus jkVh; vkanksyu es fn, fopkjksadk ;ksxnku lk{kkr fopksjksadh iz;ksxkkyk gSA
vLrs;] czEgp;Z] vifjxzg vkSj bZ ojfuBk ;g mudh fopkjksd
a h pkSdV FkhA mudh fopkjksea as /kkfeZd
lfg.kwrk fd ikoZHkweh FkhA vkRela;e ekuoh thou dk ewY; gSA ekuoh orZu dks fu;af=r j[kuk /keZ
dk eqylq= gSA

Hkkjrh; jkVokn LokLFkizn] /kkfeZd vkSj ekuorkoknh gSA xka/khth dk jkVokn mnkk
FkkA mudh jkVh;rk lafd.kZ ugh FkhA muds jkVokn esa nqljs jkV ds izfr vknjHkko FkkA os voljoknh
ugh FksA mUgksaus vusd fok;ksia j lkekU;ksads fy, vius fopkj izLrqr fd,A mudh ns kHkDrh ^^olq/kSo
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. V. S. Ingale
(Pg. 6229-6234) 6231

dqVqEcde^^ ds xzke lalkj es lekghr gksrh gSA os lnSo fo|kFkhZ thou thrs FksA vaxzstksa fd
xqykexhjhls NqVdkjk ikdj Lok/khurk izkIrh ds fy, lR;kxzg dks lcls cMs gfFk;kj ds :Ik esa iz;ksx
fd;k A vius thou es izkIr Kku vkSj vuqHkqrh ds ek/;els ns k esa jkVh; ,dkRerk LFkkfir djus dk
iz;kl fd;kA os ,d jpukRed vknkZoknh FksA mUgksus lR; vkSj vfgalk dk lQy izz;kl vius thou es
fd;k A mUgksus vius rRofparu ls lkekU; euq"; esa vkRelEeku fd vkRexkSjo fd Hkkouk fuekZ.k djus
dk iz;kl fd;kA xka/khthds vuqlkj lR;kxzgh dV lgu djus ds fy, rFkk cfynku djus ds fy,
lnSo rS;kj jgrk gSA Xkak/khth us lR; vkSj vfgalk ds gfFk;kj ls Hkkjr ekrk dh xqykeh csMh;k dkV
MkyhA
vkanksyu izfr Hkkouk;sa &
Xkak/khth jktuhfrd la?kVu] iapk;r jkt O;oLFkk ds vk/kkj ij djuk pkgrs FksA mUkdh
Vhls ^^vfgalk dk foKku^^ gh kqnz yksdRka= dh vkSj ys tkrk gSA mudk dguk Fkk dh yksdra= vkSj
fgalk lkFk & LkkFk Ukgh Pky LkdrsA vuSfrd ljdkjh dkuwu dks fou;iqOkZd Hkax djuk izR;sd lR;kXkzgh
dk drZO; gSA xka/khth ds vkanksyu dk egoiw.kZ gfFk;kj lfou; dk;nsHkax mUgksus Fkksfjdks uked
egku O;Drh ls fy;kA VfLdu fd vksjls Unto this last & Crown of Wild Olive Je izfrBk ;g
ladYiuk dk fLodkj fd;kA mnk- nf{k.k vkfQzdk] paikju] ckjMksyh] [ksMk vkfn ns kO;kih lR;kXkzgh
vkanksyu] Hkkjr NksMks vkanksyu ;g eqyr% lfou; voKk vkanksyu FksA yksdra= dh LFkkiuk ds fy,
jktfd; lRrk dk fodsfa nzdj.k vko;d ekurs FkssA kklu pykusokys tu izfrfu/kh fuokZfpr gksuk t#jh
letrs FksA ysfdu dksbZHkh fuokZfpr izfruh/kh leksyksiyqi ugh] R;kxh vkSj drZO; ijk;.k gksus dh vis{kk
j[krs FksA VkWyLVk; lsa vjkT;okn] vfgalk vkSj vlgdkj dk fLodkj fd;kA

;fn ge ladVdkyhu nkSjs ls xqtj jgs gSA rFkk viuh ns k dh jktdh; O;oLFkkdks
fodkldh nkSj ij ykuk gS rks xka/khthds fopkj vf/kd izklafxd gSA blfy, vkt laiq.kZ foo es xak/kh
ds fopkjks dks viuk;k tk jgk gSA la;qDRk jkVla?k Hkh egkRek xka/kh dk tUefnu 2 vkDVwacj dks
vkarjjkVh; vfgalk fnol ?kksfkr dj muds fla)karksds izfr leqps foo ds vfHkO;Dr dj pqdk gS A n-
vkfQzdk eS usYlu eaMsyk }kjk pys jaxHksn fojks/kh vkanksyu dh lQyrk dk jkt xka/khth ds fla)karks dh
thr crk;k gSA vesfjdk jkVk/;{k cjkd vksckek us dqN le; igys dgk Fkk fd egkRek xka/khth thou
Hkj muds fy, izsj.kk L=ksr cus jgs gSA ekfVZu Y;qFkj fdax us rks egkRek xka/kh dks ^^bZlk elhg^^ ls
tksMk FkkA frCcr /kkfeZd usrk nykbZ ykek us xka/khth dks viuk vknkZ ekuk gSA eWpsLVj xkMhZ;u dgrs
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. V. S. Ingale
(Pg. 6229-6234) 6232

Fks fd] xka/khth A Saint Among Politicians & Politician Among Saints gSA cfyZu es Nk=ksa fd
ekax ij ,d fo|ky; dk uke cnydj xka/khth ds uke ij j[kk x;k gSA vkikrdky ds nkSjku
ikfdLRkku us tc fV- Ogh- pSuyksaij jksd yxh rc th;ks fVe ds gehn ehu us vkikrdky dks okil
ykus ds fy, xka/khxhjh dk lgkjk ysdj lMdksaij Qwy ysdj bldk fojks/k djus yxsaA xka/khth ds fy,
lpZ djrs gS rks 1-94 djksM fj>YV feyrs gSA muds fopkjksl
a s iwjh nqfu;k viuh viuh leL;kvksadk
lek/kku [kkst jgh gSA bZekunkjh ls vxj ;g dgk tk, rks xka/khth vHkh thank gSA ;gh otg gS fd
vkt xka/khoknh ewY;ksadh izklafxdrk thou esa u viukus ds dkj.k O;kogkfjdrk ds /kjkry ij csvlj
gksrh tk jgh gSA
/kkfeZd fopkj &
f[kz pu /keZds New Teastment xzaFk dk izHkko xka/khth ds fopkjksa ij FkkA vkt orZeku
dkfyu jktuhfr esa /keZ fd uke ij lafd.kZ laLFkk viuh rkukkkgh o`)haxr djus dk iz;kl dj jgh gSA
bl c<rh /kekZa/krk dks jks[kus ds fy, xka/kh ds fopkj vkt Hkh ledkfyu ifjos k esa vkR;kf/kd
vko;drkuq:i gSA ysfdu ;g Hkwy x, dh Hkkjr fofo/k tkrh] /keZ] oa k vkSj iaFkksadk ns k gSA fofo/krk
esa ,drk gekjk czhn gSA blfy, /keZ dk ik[akM QSykus dk iz;kl djus okyksa fd nkL;rk ls eqDrh ugh
ikrs rc rd gekjh eqDrh dk ekxZ iz kLr ugh gks ldrkA ;fn cgqr%k ns k fons k esa xka/khth ds fopkjksa
fd O;kogkfjdrk le>dj mudks eq[;/kkjk esa ykus fd egke iz;kl dj jgh gSA foo esa viuk izHkko
LFkkfir fd, vusd usrk muds fopkjksd
a ksa vknkZ] izsj.kkL=ksr] le> jgs gSA lpeq[k lq[k] kkarh vkSj
fookkarh dk liuk ns[kuk vuqfpr ugh gksxkA ifj.kkr% Hkkjr bl fudV Hkfo; esa laiw.kZ foo esa kkarh
dk lans k laizsfkr dj ,d egkkDrh ds :Ik esa mHkj ldrk gSA ukscy
s iqjLdkj nsusokyh ukosZ fd ukscsy
lferh us dgk fd Hkxoku xkSre cq) vkSj bZlk elhg ds ckn fookkarh ds fy, lcls cMk ;ksxnku
nsusokys egkRek xka/kh dks ukscy
s kkarh iqjLdkj ugh fn;k x;kA ftlds ckjs esa ukscy
s lferh dks bl
rjg ipkrki gSA
efgykvksa fd rRdkfyu fLFkrh vkSj vkanksyu izfr ;ksxnku &
Ikzkphu le; esa iq:kksa ds lkFk efgykvksa dks de ntkZ fn;k tkus yxkA Hkkjr us Hkh iq:k iz/kku
laLd`rh dks viukrs gq,W L=h&iq:k HksnkHksn gksus yxkA lekt esa efgykvksd
a ks cpiu ls gh ;g fl[kk;k
tkrk gS fd og nklh gSA iq:k fd lsok djuk mldk /keZ gSA ysfdu xka/khth ds fopkkj blls fHkUu FksaA
oks ukjh dks Hkksx oLrw ;k xqMh;kW ekuus dks bUdkj djrs gSA xka/khth ds lkeus ukjh ijaijkxr Hkkjrh;
ifjos k esa kDrhkkyh nsohrqY; FkhA fk{kk dks oks ukjh lkDrhdj.k dk lcls lQy gfFk;kj ekurs FksAa
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. V. S. Ingale
(Pg. 6229-6234) 6233

mudh lksp ls lR;] vfgalk] R;kx ifjJe lgufkyu vkSj d:.kk vkfn xq.kksa ds dkj.k ukjh] iq:k ls
Hkh vf/kd efgeke;h fl) gksrh gSA xka/khth ds fopkjks ls izsj.kk ysdj MkW mkk esgrk] eksjk.kfyuh nslkbZ]
lqprs k d`iykuh] bafnjk xka/kh] vWuh cs>aV] lkfo=hckbZ Qqys vkSj iWMe fHkdkbZ dkek bUgkus vius
dk;Z kDrh dk ifjp; fn;kA xka/khth us fy[kk fd] ukjh dks vcyk dguk v/keZ vkSj egkiki gSA efgyk
dk vFkZ gksrk gS] egku vkSj rkdrokyhA egkRek xka/kh us L=h fk{kk dks L=h eqDrh dk izcy lk/ku
ekukA lfn;ksa ls pyh vk;h dqizFkk] nsonklh izFkk lekt es dyad gSA 1931 es dkWxszl fd djkph
vf/kos ku ds nkSjku efgykvksa dks iq:kksa ds cjkcj laoS/kkfud vf/kdkj nsus fd ckr dgh rks fdlus
fojks/k ugh fd;kA blls ;g ckr LiV gksrh gS fd] xka/khth us efgyk mRFkku ds izfr xfgjk;h ls dk;Z
fd;kA xqykeh fd tathjksa dks rksMus ds fy, vaxzstks ls cxkor djus okyh ohjkax.kkvksausa bfrgkl jpk gSA
le; le; ij gq,W fonzksgksa esa Hkkjrh; ukjh;ksa us vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA lj g;qt jkst us L=h;ksa ds ckjs
esa dgk fd ;fn fganwLrku fd ,d fQlnh ukjh;kW vktknh fd fnok.kh gks xbZ rks ge lc dks ;g ns k
NksMdj] gkFk >kMdj Hkkxuk iMsxkA L=h;ksa dks jkVh; dk;Z ds fy, la?kfVr djus gsrw egkRek xka/kh us
dh LFkkiuk fdbZA ftlls Lons kh vkanksyu dks c<kok nsuk vklku gks x;kA
jkVh; dk;ksZ dh ftEesnkjh efgyk dks lkSius gsrw mUgs ?kjds vdsysiu ls pkj fnokjksa ls ckgj fudky
ds efgykvksa dks ekspsZ&tqyqlksa es kkfey djuk] muesa ns kHkDrh fd Hkkouk tkx`r djukk ] mudk eukscy
c<kuk mUgs vkRefuHkZj cukuk vkSj dkuqu rksMus ,oa tsy esa tkus ds fy, xka/khth us rS;kj fd;kA vkt
dh L=h lkS okZ ifgys ds eqdkcys ckSf)d rFkk vkfFkZd n`V ls T;knk lkDr gSA xka/kh us efgyk;ksa dks
cfUnuh ls fonzkgs huh cuk;kA efgyk vkSj iq:kksa ds HksnHkko uV djds efgyk ds iq:kksa dh vktknh
eglql djuh pkfg,WA xka/khthus v/;;u vkSj fk{kk ls efgyk lkDrhdj.k dh vk/kwfud ifjHkkkk izLrqr
dhA

fganh LojkT; ds v/;k; 18 esa Xkak/khth us fk{kk ds vFkZ dks csgrjhu rjhdsls letk;kW gSA os
dgrs gS fd] v{kj] Kku ,d lk/ku ek= gS] y{; ughA uSfrd eqY;ksa ds vHkko ls ns k dk ykHk de vkSj
gkuh T;knh gqbZ gSAml Kku dk vius ifjokj] lekt] jkV ds m)kj vkSj fodkl ds fy, dSlk iz;ksx
djuk gS ;gh lgh fk{kk gSA rRdkfyu le; esa xka/khthus thu cqjkbZ;kW dks fk{kk ds {ks= es ns[kk oks uV
djus gsrw vius ekSfyd fopkj vfHkO;Dr fd,WA xka/kh us 1908 es VkyLVk; dh fk{kk uhfr dks viukdj
vusd iz;ksx fd;s]a fl)kar cuk;saA vaxzsth fk{kk us jkV fd vkRek dks gh uV fd;k gSA blls ;qok Ikh<h
esa ghurk fd Hkkouk c< jgh gSA Li/kkZRd ;qx esa vaxzsth Hkkkk egoiw.kZ gSA fdUrq bldk vfrjsd djds
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. V. S. Ingale
(Pg. 6229-6234) 6234

vk/kqfudrk fd uke ij cqtqxZ O;Drh] kkL=] mRlo vkSj ifjokj fd /kTth;kW mMkus yxsA ekW&cki]
xq:tuksa ds izfr vknjHkko lekIr gksus yxkAlaiw.kZ lekt ij ikpkR; laLd`rh gkoh gksus yxhA kjkc
ihuk] /kqeziku djuk] de diMs iguus tSls vknr dks QW ku dk :Ik fn;kA o`) ekrk&firk dksa o`)kJe
Hkstus yxsA vk/kqfud vaxzsth fk{kk ls lekt es naHk] jkx] twYe vkfn izo`Rrh;kW c<us yxhA xka/khth
ikB;iqLrdks }kjk fn, tkusokys fk{kk ds rqyuk esa ekSf[kd vkSj oLrqfuB fk{kkij vf/kd cy nsrs FksA
Xkak/kh fopkjksa dh O;kogkfjdrk &
jkT; vke turk ds HkykbZ dk lk/ku gSA ysfdu ,deso lk/ku ughA vkt laiw.kZ foo ijek.kw
gfFk;kj dh Hk;kudrk ls yisVk gqvk gSA tkxfrd vkradokn] fgalkpkj] xqUgsxkjhdj.k vkSj HkzVkpkj] cMs
iSekus ij c<k gSA foKku dh mWapkbZ c<hA oSfodj.k dh ;qx esa tkxfrdhdj.k] [kktxhdj.k vkSj
mnkjeroknhdj.k gks x;kA ysfdu eqY;ksadk nqj&nqj rd lac/a k ughA dqVqac i)rh dk ewy <kWpk vfLFkj
gks x;kA ^^dkSVqafcd laLdkj^^ uke dk ewY; ukeksk gks x;kA bl n`fVls Xkak/kh fopkjksa dh vko;drk
gSA xka/khokn ls feys gq,W lalk/kugh lekt vkSj jkT;ksa dk ewyvk/kkj gSA ogh vke vkneh ds LoHkko dk
LFkk;khHkko gSA blhrjg izLrqr kks/k fuca/k es fn;s x;s egkRek xka/kh ds ekSfyd vkSj fparukhj egoiw.kZ
n`fVdksu mtkxj djuk bl kks/k fuca/k dk eq[; gsrq gSA ftlesa laiw.kZ foo dk lkoZf=d fodkl
izfrfcafcr gksrk gSA
lanHkZ lwph &
dkSj lqjthr] tkSyh laikfndk] xka/kh ,d v/;;u] dalsIV ifCydsku ubZ fnYyh] 2007-
y{e.kfla?k] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd ,oa lkekftd fopkj] dkWyst cqd Msiks t;iwj] 1970&71-
egkRek xka/kh] fganh uothou] 10 vizsy 1930-
iqjksfgr ch- vkj-] izkfrfuf/kd jktdh; fopkjd ,oa fopkj/kkjk,] e/;iznsk fganh xzaFk vdkneh Hkksiky-
khyk laik-] fouksck&^^L=h kDrh tkxj.k] in~e/kke izdkku ioukj-
flag eukstdqekj] dqekj vkkqrksk] egkRek xka/kh ,d voyksdu] ds- ds- ifCydsku ubZ fnYyh-
dqiykuh lqpus k] ukfj;ksa ds usrk vkSj fk{kd] lkfgR; izdkku okjk.klh] 1969-
tSu ;kiky] vfgalk dk veks?k vL=] lLrk izdkku] ubZ fnYyh] 2007-
rMdydj uafnuh] efgykaps lcyhdj.k vkf.k ksrdjh efgyk vk?kkMhps ;ksxnku] vYQk ifCydsku ukansM 2008-
tSu ekud] xka/kh ds fopkjksa dh 21 osa lnh esa izklafxdrk vfn ifCydsku] t;iwj] 2010-
vkpk;Z jkeewrhZ] fk{kk&laLd`rh vkSj lekt] Je Hkkjrh fCkgkj] 1990-
ys- I;kjsyky vuq-] fczteksgu gsMk&lR;kxzgkP;k macjB;koj] 2005-
MkW- v:.k dqekj JhokLro] Hkkjr esa iapk;rh jkt-

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