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ICC C35D:

Sheath Bonding of
Multi-Conductor /
ICC Spring Meeting
Parallel Circuits
Seattle, March 2012

Cigr references with induced voltages,


IEC 60287-3-1 Standard calculations,
and EMF considerations

Frdric LESUR
Cigr Electra 128 Publication:

"Guide to the protection of specially


bonded cable systems against sheath
overvoltages"
Cigr WG B21.07, 1990
Revision of two previous Electra
publications (#28,1973 and #47, 1976)
Main contents
Types of sheath voltage limiter (SVL) in use
Use of SVL
Qualification tests for SVL
Selection of SVL
Insulation coordination
+ Appendix 2: Calculation of 50 Hz sheath
overvoltages due to system faults in a
specially bonded cable system

2 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Cigr Technical Brochure 283

"Special bonding of high voltage power


cables"
Cigr WG B1.18, 2005
Convener: Ray Awad (Canada)
US Member: Mike Buckweitz
Main contents (106 pages)
Power frequency applications
o 3.1.3 (power frequency impedance model) with
methodology, structure of equation system,
complex impedance matrix
Transient overvoltage applications
Special considerations
Recommendations
Can be downloaded at www.e-cigre.org
(for free for Cigr members)

3 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Cigr Technical Brochure 347

"Earth potential rises in specially


bonded screen systems"
Cigr TF B1.26, 2008
Convener: Eric Dorison (France)
Canada Member: Yves Rajotte
Increasing number of configurations with
underground cables inserted in overhead
line systems (siphons)
Assumption of low earth resistance at both
ends is no longer valid
Earth potential rises in case of single-phase
fault cannot be neglected
Main contents (98 pages)
Calculation methods
Typical situations
Internal faults
Worked examples

4 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 Standard

"Current sharing between parallel


single-core cables and calculation of
circulating current losses"
IEC, 2005
Main contents (49 pages)
Scope
Normative references
Description of method
Example calculations

5 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEEE P575/D Draft Guide

"Draft guide for bonding shields and


sheaths of single-conductor power
cables rated 5 kV through 500 kV"
ICC C02W, work in progress
Chair: Mike Buckweitz
Annex F: Mohamed Chaaban
Main contents (80 pages)
Shield optimization
Special bonding techniques
Sheath voltage limiters
Effect on parallel communication and control
cables
Current practice for shield/sheath standing
voltages
Calculation of induced voltages
Current and voltage distribution on cable
shields/sheaths with multiple cables per
phase

6 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Cigr work in progress

WG B1.30 "Cable characteristics"


Technical brochure will be published in 2012
Convener: Christian Royer (Canada)
Canada Members: Yves Rajotte, Deepak Parmar (corresponding)
US Member: Thomas Wilki
Main contents
Definition of cable systems electrical characteristics
Cable system types
Formulae for cable systems electrical characteristics
Measurement techniques
Case studies

WG C4.502 "Power system technical performance issues related to the


application of long HVAC cables"
Adequate modelling of AC cable lines, more focused on transients

7 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Double cable system model: IEEE P575/D11 figures

Figure F.1 - Example of 6 parallel cables; Figure F.2Loops formed by the


2 cables per phase shields/sheaths of the installation
shown in figure F.1

8 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Equations and Kirchhoff's law
Ground
Phase R Phase S Phase T Sheaths
conductors
Voltages 1 p p+1 2p 2p+1 3p 3p+1 6p 6p+1 6p+q
V1 Z1,1 I1 Z1,2 I2 Z1,3 I3 Z1,4 I4 Z1,5 I5 Z1,6 I6 Z1,7 I7 Z1,8 I8 Z1,9 I9 Z1,10 I10 Z1,11 I11 Z1,12 I12 Z1,13 I13 Z1,14 I14
Ph R
V2 Z2,1 I1 Z2,2 I2 Z2,3 I3 Z2,4 I4 Z2,5 I5 Z2,6 I6 Z2,7 I7 Z2,8 I8 Z2,9 I9 Z2,10 I10 Z2,11 I11 Z2,12 I12 Z2,13 I13 Z2,14 I14
V3 Z3,1 I1 Z3,2 I2 Z3,3 I3 Z3,4 I4 Z3,5 I5 Z3,6 I6 Z3,7 I7 Z3,8 I8 Z3,9 I9 Z3,10 I10 Z3,11 I11 Z3,12 I12 Z3,13 I13 Z3,14 I14
Ph S
V4 Z4,1 I1 Z4,2 I2 Z4,3 I3 Z4,4 I4 Z4,5 I5 Z4,6 I6 Z4,7 I7 Z4,8 I8 Z4,9 I9 Z4,10 I10 Z4,11 I11 Z4,12 I12 Z4,13 I13 Z4,14 I14
V5 Z5,1 I1 Z5,2 I2 Z5,3 I3 Z5,4 I4 Z5,5 I5 Z5,6 I6 Z5,7 I7 Z5,8 I8 Z5,9 I9 Z5,10 I10 Z5,11 I11 Z5,12 I12 Z5,13 I13 Z5,14 I14
Ph T
V6 Z6,1 I1 Z6,2 I2 Z6,3 I3 Z6,4 I4 Z6,5 I5 Z6,6 I6 Z6,7 I7 Z6,8 I8 Z6,9 I9 Z6,10 I10 Z6,11 I11 Z6,12 I12 Z6,13 I13 Z6,14 I14
V7 Z7,1 I1 Z7,2 I2 Z7,3 I3 Z7,4 I4 Z7,5 I5 Z7,6 I6 Z7,7 I7 Z7,8 I8 Z7,9 I9 Z7,10 I10 Z7,11 I11 Z7,12 I12 Z7,13 I13 Z7,14 I14
V8 Z8,1 I1 Z8,2 I2 Z8,2 I2 Z8,4 I4 Z8,5 I5 Z8,6 I6 Z8,7 I7 Z8,8 I8 Z8,9 I9 Z8,10 I10 Z8,11 I11 Z8,12 I12 Z8,13 I13 Z8,14 I14
V9 Z9,1 I1 Z9,2 I2 Z9,3 I3 Z9,4 I4 Z9,5 I5 Z9,6 I6 Z9,7 I7 Z9,8 I8 Z9,9 I9 Z9,10 I10 Z9,11 I11 Z9,12 I12 Z9,13 I13 Z9,14 I14
Sheaths
V10 Z10,1 I1 Z10,2 I2 Z10,3 I3 Z10,4 I4 Z10,5 I5 Z10,6 I6 Z10,7 I7 Z10,8 I8 Z10,9 I9 Z10,10 I10 Z10,11 I11 Z10,12 I12 Z10,13 I13 Z10,14 I14
V11 Z11,1 I1 Z11,2 I2 Z11,3 I3 Z11,4 I4 Z11,5 I5 Z11,6 I6 Z11,7 I7 Z11,8 I8 Z11,9 I9 Z11,10 I10 Z11,11 I11 Z11,12 I12 Z11,13 I13 Z11,14 I14
V12 Z12,1 I1 Z12,2 I2 Z12,3 I3 Z12,4 I4 Z12,5 I5 Z12,6 I6 Z12,7 I7 Z12,8 I8 Z12,9 I9 Z12,10 I10 Z12,11 I11 Z12,12 I12 Z12,13 I13 Z12,14 I14

Ground V13 Z13,1 I1 Z13,2 I2 Z13,3 I3 Z13,4 I4 Z13,5 I5 Z13,6 I6 Z13,7 I7 Z13,8 I8 Z13,9 I9 Z13,10 I10 Z13,11 I11 Z13,12 I12 Z13,13 I13 Z13,14 I14
conductors V14 Z14,1 I1 Z14,2 I2 Z14,3 I3 Z14,4 I4 Z14,5 I5 Z14,6 I6 Z14,7 I7 Z14,8 I8 Z14,9 I9 Z14,10 I10 Z14,11 I11 Z14,12 I12 Z14,13 I13 Z14,14 I14

Example of 6 parallel cables (2 cables per phase, p = 2)


Currents and 2 ground continuity conductors (q = 2)
IR [ ] I1 I2

IS [ ] I3 I4

IT [ ] I5 I6

[ ] I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12 I13 I14

9 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Methodology

Prepare the symmetric matrix


Sort the Zi,jIj for conductors connected to the same phase (RST or ABC),
sheaths and ground continuity conductors
Calculate the impedances Zi,jIj
Matrix is symmetric (mutual influence of metallic conductors, value linked to the axial
distance between metallic conductors di,j = dj,i)
Subtract two adjacent rows of same voltage drop V
Leading to Zi,jIj - Zi+1,jIj = 0
Write equations of currents of conductor loops
Ik = IR, respectively Is and IT
Write equation of currents of sheaths and grounded conductors
Ik = 0
Solve the equation system [Q]=[Z][I]
With classical matrix algebra [I]=[Z]-1[Q]
Unique solution, no iterative converging process

10 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Calculation of impedances

General formula of mutual impedance between two metallic conductors


(i,j)
Applied to cores, shields/sheaths, ground continuity conductors, per unit length
0 0 D
Z i, j = R i, j ++ jX i, j = R i, j + + j 0 ln
8 8 2 di, j
: angular frequency of system (2f), [s-1]
0 : magnetic permeability of free space = 4.10-7, [H/m]
D : distance to earth return fictitious path by an equivalent conductor
o No need to be calculated, is eliminated by the subtraction of two adjacent rows
Self resistance Ri,i= AC resistance of conductor (i=j)
Mutual resistance Ri,j= 0 (ij)
Subtraction of two adjacent rows
D is eliminated
0 D 0 D di+1, j
X i, j X i+1, j = ln ln = 2.10 -7 ln

2 di, j 2 di+1, j
di, j

11 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Calculation of inductances

Special cases (on the matrix diagonal)


Self inductance of the conductor
0 1 2D 0 D
Xc = ln + =
ln
2 4 d c 2 d c
dc : diameter of the conductor [mm]
: coefficient depending on the construction of the conductor, to represent the mean
radius of the core (see Table 1 in IEC 60287-1-3 + annex for hollow cores)
Self inductance of the sheath
0 D
Xs = ln ds = ds(inner) .ds(outer)
2 ds
ds : mean diameter of the shield/sheath [mm]
Self inductance of the ground continuity conductor
Same expression for Xg than for Xc with dg instead of dc
Mutual impedance between conductor and shield of the same cable
Involves mean distance between core and sheath
Same expression for Xi,j than for Xs with mean diameter of sheath ds

12 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Calculation of loss factor

IEC 60287-1-3 Standard

13 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 1

More digits to check your own calculation tool


Results: magnitude (A) and angle of currents I, and sheath loss factor 'p
1) (x,y) = 0.0000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 0.00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 28.7177 (A) / -138.79 lambda1 = 2.0362
2) (x,y) = 0.2000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / -120.00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 25.2974 (A) / 121.16 lambda1 = 1.5800
3) (x,y) = 0.4000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 120.00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 34.8026 (A) / -4.50 lambda1 = 2.9905
4) (x,y) = 0.6000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 120.00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 34.8026 (A) / -4.50 lambda1 = 2.9905
5) (x,y) = 0.8000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / -120.00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 25.2974 (A) / 121.16 lambda1 = 1.5800
6) (x,y) = 1.0000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 0.00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 28.7177 (A) / -138.79 lambda1 = 2.0362

1,00

Laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.20 m

-1 0 1 2 3

-1,00

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

14 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 1

50
T1,T2

40

30

S1s, S2s 20
1,00

10 Laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.20 m
R1, R2
0
-1 0 1 2 3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
T1s, T2s
-10

-1,00
R1s, R2s -20

-30

-40

S1, S2
-50

15 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 2

Influence of phase rotation (example 1 rotation reversed)


Results: magnitude (A) and angle of currents I, and sheath loss factor 'p
1) (x,y) = 0,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 34,3695 (A) / -122,59 lambda1 = 2,9165
2) (x,y) = 0,2000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 24,4600 (A) / -0,91 lambda1 = 1,4772
3) (x,y) = 0,4000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 29,9388 (A) / 101,45 lambda1 = 2,2130
4) (x,y) = 0,6000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 29,9388 (A) / 101,45 lambda1 = 2,2130
5) (x,y) = 0,8000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 24,4600 (A) / -0,91 lambda1 = 1,4772
6) (x,y) = 1,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 34,3695 (A) / -122,59 lambda1 = 2,9165

1,00

Laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.20 m

-1 0 1 2 3
Same data as example 1,
phase rotation has been reversed

-1,00

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

16 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 2

50
S1, S2

40

T1s, T2s
30

20
1,00

10 Laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.20 m
R1, R2
0
-1 0 1 2 3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
S1s, S2s Same data as example 1,
-10 phase rotation has been reversed

-1,00
-20

R1s, R2s -30

-40

T1,T2
-50

17 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 3

Trefoil formation leads to balanced currents


Results: magnitude (A) and angle of currents I, and sheath loss factor 'p
1) (x,y) = 0,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 13,7617 (A) / 134,48 lambda1 = 0,4676
2) (x,y) = 0,0300 ; -0,9480 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 13,8587 (A) / -107,03 lambda1 = 0,4742
3) (x,y) = 0,0600 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 14,1229 (A) / 14,06 lambda1 = 0,4925
4) (x,y) = 0,2000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 14,1229 (A) / 14,06 lambda1 = 0,4925
5) (x,y) = 0,2300 ; -0,9480 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 13,8587 (A) / -107,03 lambda1 = 0,4742
6) (x,y) = 0,2600 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 13,7617 (A) / 134,48 lambda1 = 0,4676

1,00

Bottom trench laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.06 m

-1 0 1 2 3

Trefoil formation

-0,98

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

18 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 3

50
T1,T2

40

30

20
1,00

S1s, S2s 10 Bottom trench laying depth = 1.0 m


T1s, T2s Axial distance between conductors = 0.06 m
R1, R2
0
-1 0 1 2 3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Trefoil formation
-10
R1s, R2s
-0,98
-20

-30

-40

S1, S2
-50

19 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 4

Conductors of one phase placed together (flat as example 1)


Results: magnitude (A) and angle of currents I, and sheath loss factor 'p
1) (x,y) = 0,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 46,3082 (A) / 1,13 ph[0]
Icalc -> 38,3598 (A) / -149,88 lambda1 = 4,2354 current sharing
2) (x,y) = 0,8000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 44,5950 (A) / -124,53 ph[1] between phase
Icalc -> 37,4186 (A) / 105,13 lambda1 = 4,3457 conductors is not equal,
3) (x,y) = 1,6000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,7573 (A) / 115,11 ph[2]
Icalc -> 43,7042 (A) / -20,53 lambda1 = 4,5762 sheath losses for this
4) (x,y) = 0,4000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 53,7086 (A) / -0,98 ph[0] cable arrangement are
Icalc -> 36,4617 (A) / -150,17 lambda1 = 2,8448 very high,
5) (x,y) = 1,2000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 55,6564 (A) / -116,37 ph[1]
Icalc -> 34,8476 (A) / 101,88 lambda1 = 2,4198 This arrangement
6) (x,y) = 2,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 49,6166 (A) / 125,00 ph[2] must be avoided
Icalc -> 44,4178 (A) / -23,21 lambda1 = 4,9468

1,00

Laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.40 m

0 1 2 3 4
Same geometry as example 1,
Conductors of one phase placed together

-1,00

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

20 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
IEC 60287-1-3 example 4
current sharing
between phase
conductors is not equal,
60

sheath losses for this


T1 cable arrangement are
very high,
T2 S1s 40
S2s This arrangement
must be avoided

20 1,00

Laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.40 m
R1
0
0 1 2 3 4
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 R2 60
Same geometry as example 1,
Conductors of one phase placed together
R2s T1s
-20 -1,00
R1s T2s

S1
-40

S2
-60

21 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
EMF mitigation technique: shields/sheaths make a
passive loop to compensate the magnetic field
Example 1 of IEC 60287-1-3
Shielding factor SF = 1.44

Electrom agnetic Field 50 Hz


0,5

0,45 Laying depth = 1.0 m


Axial distance between conductors = 0.20 m
0,4
MF calculated 1 m above ground surface,
0,35 with (red) and without (blue) solid bonding,
Max Field rms (T)

I = 50 A in each cable
0,3

0,25

0,2

0,15

0,1

0,05

0
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
x-distance from axis power line (m)

22 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Work in progress
Features IEC 60287-1-3 Current tool
number of circuits in
2 n1
parallel
multiple of 3
number of phases 3 (RST or ABC) (possibility of
independent circuits)
number of ground
0 q0
continuity conductors
3 and 2-phase circuits
no
mixed in parallel
single bonding
other grounding mode (calculation of induced
no
than solid bonding voltages)

coupling with EMF


no yes
calculations

23 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Further work for next ICC Meeting

ICC Fall Meeting in Saint Pete (FL), November 2012


Presentation of new case studies
Parallel independent circuits (connected to different busbars with different current
ratings)
Single bonded circuits and calculation of induced voltages

Call for worked examples!


Send to frederic.lesur@rte-france.com

Future prospects
Transposed conductors
Crossbonded shields/sheaths
Transposed ground continuity conductors

24 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices

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