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Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering

Membrane systems (Cont.) DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)

Lecture (8) Electro dialysis (ED) is a voltage

voltagedriven membrane process.
An electrical potential is used to move salts through a
Desalination by Electro dialysis (ED) membrane leaving fresh water behind as product water.
membrane,

Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering

DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED) DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)

Electrodialysis (ED) utilizes a direct current source

and a number of flow channels separated by
alternating anion and cation selective membranes
to achieve the separation of water and dissolved
salts (see Figure).
Since the driving force for the separation is an
electric field, ED is only capable of removing ionic
components from solution, unlike RO or distillation.

5` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017 6` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017

1 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

 hange E hange E
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WATERDESALINATION 2016/2017
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k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering

DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)
DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)
an electrodialyser comprises a stack of anion and cation exchange membrane pairs,
with an anode at one end of the stack and a cathode at the other.
When electrodes, in a solution of saline water, are connected to an external source
of direct current, e.g. a battery, electrical current is carried through the solution,
with the ions forced to migrate to the electrode with the opposite charge
( iti l charged
(positively h d ions
i migrate
i t tot the
th cathode
th d and d negatively
ti l charged
h d ions
i migrate
i t
to the anode). The anions can move freely through the nearest anion exchange
membrane, but their further progress toward the anode is blocked by the adjacent
cation exchange membrane.
In the same manner, the cations move in the opposite direction, through the nearest
cation exchange membrane, but are then blocked from further progress by the
adjacent anion exchange membrane.

7` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017

Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering

DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED) DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)
The membrane of ED units are subject to fouling, and thus some pretreatment of the
In the ED process, saline water is fed in parallel to each of the separate feed water is usually necessary.
channels, cations and anions, then migrate in opposite directions in response Precipitation of scale can be facilitated in the ED process by changes on pH that occur
to the applied voltage. near the membranes as a result of the transport of H+ and OH ions.
Due to the charge selectivity of the membranes, the ion concentration However, since there is not a flux of water through the membranes, ED can treat
i
increases and
d decreases
d i alternating
in lt ti channels
h l off the
th apparatus.
t water with a higher level of suspended solids than RO. Also, since nonionic solids, e.g.
A single membrane stack may consist of hundreds of these alternating silica, are not concentrated by the process, these components are of less concern.
channels. The electrodialysis reversal (EDR) process was developed to help eliminate membrane
Like RO, the energy required to separate the ions from solution increases fouling.
with concentration, thus ED is generally limited to brackish waters In the EDR process, the membrane polarity is reversed several times an hour. This has
containing only a few thousand ppm of dissolved solids. the effect of switching the brine channels to freshwater channels, and the freshwater
channels to brine channels, and breaks up and flushes out deposits.
9` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017 10` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017

2 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

 hange E hange E
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WATERDESALINATION 2016/2017
O

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Y

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U

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B

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.c

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tr re tr re
.

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ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering

DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)
DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)

Via this arrangement, concentrated and dilute

solutions are created in the spaces between the
alternating membranes. Using this process, it is
possible to ffeed brackish water into the dilution
p
compartment inlet and obtain potable water at its
outlet.

12` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017

Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering Mansoura University WATERDESALINATION Mechanical Power Engineering

DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED) DesalinationbyElectrodialysis(ED)

Electro dialysis works well with brackish water; the recovery

rate of water is usually over 90%, installation and running costs
are fairlyy economical at moderate TDS,, and membranes are
durable under strong acid conditions and in alkaline conditions.

13` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017 14` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 8 April 2017

3 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas