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The Vijayanagara Empire and Its Socio-Economic-Cultural conditions

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Mahmud Gawan of Bahmani
Taj-ud-Din Firuz Shah: Bahmani
Sultanate
Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah founder of the
Bahmani sultanate
UpscPrelims: Bahmani Sultanate (1347
1527) and its Socio-economic condition,
architecture and Culture
Bahmani Sultanate (13471527) and its
Socio-economic condition, architecture
and Culture

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The Vijayanagara Empire, an important South Indian empire was founded by Categories
Harihara Raya I and his brother Bukka Raya I. The capital of the empire was All prelims previous question papers with
answers
Vijayanagara, present days Hampi in Karnataka. The empire ruled from 1336 AD to
Bahamani Sultanate
1646 AD although the power of the empire declined after the Battle of Talikota in Buddhism Facts
1565 AD. Delhi Sultanate

Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by maily four important dynasties. They were General Knowledge
Geography
1.Sangama Dynasty: It was the first dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire and
Gupta Dynasty
Harihara Raya I( 1336-1356 AD) was the first ruler of the dynasty. Some of the History of ancient India
rulers of the dynasty were: Bukka Raya, Virupaksha Raya, Deva Raya, Ramachandra History of India
History of Medieval India
Raya, Mallikarjuna Raya and Praudha Raya.
History of Satavahanas
Indus| Harappan I Sindhu Civilization
2.Saluva Dynasty: It was the first dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire and Jainism Facts
Khaji Dynasty
Narasimhadeva Raya (1485 AD to 1491 AD) first ruler of Saluva Dynasty of
Lodi Dynasty
Vijayanagara Empire. He was succeeded by his son Thimma Bhupala. Narasimha Maratha Empire
Raya II was the last ruler of Saluva Dynasty succeeded his father Thimma Bhupala. Mauryan empire
Mughal Dynasty
Pallavas
Polity
Prehistoric age in India
3.Tuluva Dynasty: It was the third dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire. The rulers of Sangam Age
Sayyid Dynasty
Tuluva Dynasty were: Narasa Nayaka, Viranarasimha Raya, KrishnadevaRaya,
Slave Dynasty
Achyutadeva Raya and Sadasiva Raya. Krishnadeva raya was a very powerful ruler Sur dynasty
of Vijayanagara Empire. It is considered that during his reign the empire reached its Tughluq Dynasty
Upsc Prelims
zenith. He ruled the empire from 1509 AD to 1529 AD. (for more detail about
Vedic Age
KrishnadevaRaya, see the individual section.) Vijayanagara Empire

Popular Posts
4.Aravidu Dynasty: The fourth and last dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire was
Aravidu Dynasty. After the Battle of Talikota the empire started to decline and List of 14 colour revolutions
of India
Muslim states of Bijapur became prominent. Revoulution Siginificance
Blue Revolution Fish
Production Brown
Revolutio...
Sources: The history of Vijayanagar Empire constitutes an important chapter in
the history of India. Four dynasties Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva and Aravidu ruled Complete list of Bharat
Ratna Awardees from 1952
Vijayanagar from A.D. 1336 to 1672. The sources for the study of Vijayanagar are to 2016
The Bharat Ratna (Jewel of
varied such as literary, archaeological and numismatics. Krishnadevarayas India) is the highest civilian
award of the Republic of
Amukthamalyada, Gangadevis Maduravijayam and Allasani Peddannas India. Instituted in 1954, the award is
conferred &...
Manucharitam are some of the indigenous literature of this period.
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
- founder of Maratha
Many foreign travelers visited the Vijayanagar Empire and their accounts are also Empire
Early Life: Chatrapati
valuable. The Moroccan traveler, Ibn Battuta, Venetian traveler Nicolo de Conti, Shivaji Maharaj was the
most powerful emperor of
Persian traveler Abdur Razzak and the Portuguese traveler Domingo Paes were Maratha Empire. He was very intelligent,
brave and a powerf...
among them who left valuable accounts on the socio-economic conditions of the
Vijayanagar Empire. Nine Gems or Navaratnas
of Chandragupta II
Vikramaditya
A circle of famous nine
The copper plate inscriptions such as the Srirangam copper plates of Devaraya II persons known as Nine
Gems or Navaratnas were
provide the genealogy and achievements of Vijayanagar rulers. The Hampi ruins present in the court of Chandragupta II
Vikramaditya. The nine ge...
and other monuments of Vijayanagar provide information on the cultural
contributions of the Vijayanagar rulers. The numerous coins issued by the Shamsuddin Iltutmish
(1211-1236 AD) who saved
Vijayanagar rulers contain figures and legends explaining their tittles and India from Chengiz Khan
Iltutmish Iltutmish (1211-
achievements. 1236): He belonged to the
Ilbari tribe and hence his
dynasty was named as Ilbari dynasty. His
half brother...
Political History: Vijayanagar was founded in 1336 by Harihara and Bukka of the
Sangama dynasty. They were originally served under the Kakatiya rulers of
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Warangal. Then they went to Kampili where they were imprisoned and converted to Live Traffic Feed
Islam. Later, they returned to the Hindu fold at the initiative of the saint A visitor from India viewed "The
Vijayanagara Empire and Its Socio-
Vidyaranya. They also proclaimed their independence and founded a new city on the Economic-Cultural conditions" 16 secs
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The decline of the Hoysala kingdom enabled Harihara and Bukka to expand their A
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newly founded kingdom. By 1346, they brought the whole of the Hoysala kingdom 1320)" 16 mins ago
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viewed "Narasimhavarman I founder of
lasted for about four decades. Kumarakampanas expedition to Madurai was Mamallapuram" 31 mins ago
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described in the Maduravijayam. He destroyed the Madurai Sultans and as a result,
the Vijayanagar Empire comprised the whole of South India up to Rameswaram.
Blog Archive

The conflict between Vijayanagar Empire and the Bahmani kingdom lasted for 2016 (253)
July (5)
many years. The dispute over Raichur Doab, the region between the rivers Krishna
June (71)
and Tungabhadra and also over the fertile areas of Krishna-Godavari delta led to
this long-drawn conflict. The greatest ruler of the Sangama dynasty was Deva Raya Maharana Pratap (1540 1597) and his
chetak
II. But he could not win any clear victory over the Bahmani Sultans. After his death, Hemu Vikramaditya - last hindu
Sangama dynasty became weak. The next dynasty, Saluva dynasty founded by emperor of India
Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 between
Saluva Narasimha reigned only for a brief period (1486-1509). Ahmad Shah...
Battle of Plassey in 1757 between Siraj
ud-Daulah ...
Administration: The administration under the Vijayanagar Empire was well
Nadir Shah invasion on India in 1739
organized. The king enjoyed absolute authority in executive, judicial and legislative
Battle of Pratapgadis 1659 between
matters. He was the highest court of appeal. The succession to the throne was on the Shivaji and Afz...

principle of hereditary. Sometimes usurpation to the throne took place as Saluva The Vijayanagara Empire and Its
Socio-Economic-Cul...
Narasimha came to power by ending the Sangama dynasty. The king was assisted by Krishna Deva Raya (1509 1530) - also
a council of ministers in his day to day administration. The Empire was divided into known as An...
The Marathas (1649-1748) : Shivaji and
different administrative units called Mandalams, Nadus, sthalas and finally into Peshwas
gramas. The governor of Mandalam was called Mandaleswara or Nayak. Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj - founder of
Maratha Em...
Vijayanagar rulers gave full powers to the local authorities in the administration.
Socio - economic - architectural
developments unde...

Besides land revenue, tributes and gifts from vassals and feudal chiefs, customs Kohinoor (mountain of light) of India

collected at the ports, taxes on various professions were other sources of income to Later Mughals (1707-1857 A.D.) - from
Bahadur sha ...
the government. Land revenue was fixed generally one sixth of the produce. The Aurangzeb (1658 - 1707) - the last
expenditure of the government includes personal expenses of king and the charities powerful ruler ...
Red fort - Capital of Mughals 1648 -
given by him and military expenditure. In the matter of justice, harsh punishments 1857
such as mutilation and throwing to elephants were followed. Taj Mahal one of the 7 wonders built by
Shah Jahan...
Shah Jahan (1627-1658) - Golden age
The Vijayanagar army was well-organized and efficient. It consisted of the cavalry, of India art

infantry, artillery and elephants. High-breed horses were procured from foreign Jahangir (1605-1627) and his wife Nur
jahan
traders. The top-grade officers of the army were known as Nayaks or Poligars. They
Akbar the great (1556-1605) - greatest
were granted land in lieu of their services. These lands were called amaram. of the Mugh...
Battle of Haldighati 1576 between
Soldiers were usually paid in cash. Maharana Pratap ...
Second Battle of Panipat in 1556
between Maharaja ...
Social Life: Allasani Peddanna in his Manucharitam refers the existence of four
Sur Interregnum (1540-1555): Sher
castes Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras - in the Vijayanagar society. shah suri-Aminin...
Foreign travelers left vivid accounts on the splendour of buildings and luxurious Humayun (1530-1556) - second
Emperor of Mughal dy...
social life in the city of Vijayanagar. Silk and cotton clothes were mainly used for
Babur - Founder of Mughal Dynasty
dress. Perfumes, flowers and ornaments were used by the people. Paes mentions of
The Mughals (1526-1540 and 1555-
the beautiful houses of the rich and the large number of their household servants. 1857)
Battle of Khanwa in 1527 between
Nicolo Conti refers to the prevalence of slavery. Dancing, music, wrestling, gambling Babur and Rana Sa...
and cock-fighting were some of the amusements. The Sangama rulers were chiefly First Battle of Panipat in 1526 between
Babur and ...
Saivaites and Virupaksha was their family deity. But other dynasties were
Vasco da Gama - a Portuguese explorer
Vaishnavites. Srivaishnavism of Ramanuja was very popular. But all kings were who discove...
tolerant towards other religions. Borbosa referred to the religious freedom enjoyed Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-26 AD) - The last
ruler of Del...
by everyone. Muslims were employed in the administration and they were freely
Sikandar Lodhi (1489-1517 AD)
allowed to build mosques and worship. A large number of temples were built during
Bahlul Lodi (1451-1489 AD) - founder
this period and numerous festivals were celebrated. The Epics and the Puranas were of Lodi Dynas...
The Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 AD)
popular among the masses.
Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451)
Timur Invasion on India (1398-99)
The position of women had not improved. However, some of them were learned.
Mohammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351
Gangadevi, wife of Kumarakampana authored the famous work Maduravijayam. AD) - The wisest f...

Hannamma and Thirumalamma were famous poets of this period. According to Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-1325 AD)
founder of Tugh...
Nuniz, a large number of women were employed in royal palaces as dancers, The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414) :
Short notes
domestic servants and palanquin bearers. The attachment of dancing girls to
temples was in practice. Paes refers to the flourishing devadasi system. Polygamy Konark Sun temple - Narasimhadeva I
of Eastern Ga...
was prevalent among the royal families. Sati was honoured and Nuniz gives a Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316) - Known as
description of it. Second Alex...
The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320)
Balban (1246-1287) Last powerful ruler
Economic Condition: According to the accounts of the foreign travelers, the of slave dy...
Vijayanagar Empire was one of the wealthiest parts of the world at that time. Raziya Sultana (1236-1240) First
Female Muslim Rul...
Agriculture continued to be the chief occupation of the people. The Vijayanagar
Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211-1236 AD)
rulers provided a stimulus to its further growth by providing irrigation facilities. who saved Indi...

New tanks were built and dams were constructed across the rivers like Qutub Minar - tallest brick minaret in
the world
Tunghabadra. Nuniz refers to the excavation of canals. Qutb-ud-din-aibak - Lakh Baksh
(1206-1210) : Found...
Slave dynasty (Ghulam or Mamluk
There were numerous industries and they were organized into guilds. Metal workers dynasty) - (1206 t...
and other craftsmen flourished during this period. Diamond mines were located in The Delhi Sultanate (1206 to 1526
A.D.) from Qutbu...
Kurnool and Anantapur district. Vijayanagar was also a great centre of trade. The
India's Biggest, Highest,Largest,
chief gold coin was the varaha but weights and measures varied from place to place. Longest and Smal...
Inland, coastal and overseas trade led to the general prosperity. There were a Muhammad Ghori Invansion and
Battle of Tarain (119...
number of seaports on the Malabar coast, the chief being Cannanore. Commercial
Mahmud of Ghazni and his seventeen
contacts with Arabia, Persia, South Africa and Portugal on the west and with Burma, raids on India ...

Malay peninsula and China on the east flourished. The chief items of exports were Arab Conquest of Sind (712 A.D.) under
Muhammad bi...
cotton and silk clothes, spices, rice, iron, saltpeter and sugar. The imports consisted CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION 2000 GENERA...
of horses, pearls, copper, coral, mercury, China silk and velvet clothes. The art of
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
shipbuilding had developed. EXAMINATION 2001 GENERA...
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION 2002 GENERA...
Cultural Contributions: The temple building activity further gained momentum
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
during the Vijayanagar rule. The chief characteristics of the Vijayanagara EXAMINATION 2003 GENERA...

architecture were the construction of tall Raya Gopurams or gateways and the CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION 2004 GENERA...
Kalyanamandapam with carved pillars in the temple premises. The sculptures on CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
the pillars were carved with distinctive features. The horse was the most common EXAMINATION 2005 GENERA...
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
animal found in these pillars. Large mandapams contain one hundred pillars as well EXAMINATION 2006 GENERA...
as one thousand pillars in some big temples. These mandapams were used for CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION 2007 GENERA...
seating the deity on festival occasions. Also, many Amman shrines were added to
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
the already existing temples during this period. EXAMINATION 2008 GENERA...
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION 2009 GENERA...
The most important temples of the Vijayanagar style were found in the Hampi ruins
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
or the city of Vijayanagar. Vittalaswamy and Hazara Ramaswamy temples were the EXAMINATION 2010 GENERA...

best examples of this style. CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY

EXAMINATION 2011 GENERA...
CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
The Varadharaja and Ekamparanatha temples at Kanchipuram stand as examples EXAMINATION 2012 GENERA...

for the magnificence of the Vijayanagara style of temple architecture. The Raya CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION 2013 GENERA...
Gopurams at Thiruvannamalai and Chidambaram speak the glorious epoch of CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION 2015 GENERA...
Vijayanagar. They were continued by the Nayak rulers in the later period. The metal
upsc prelims 2014 question paper with
images of Krishna Deva Raya and his queens at Tirupati are examples for casting of answers
metal images. Music and dancing were also patronized by the rulers of Vijayanagar. Upsc General Studies Prelims question
paper with a...
Upsc Prelims question Paper 1994 with
Different languages such as Sanskrit, Telugu, Kannada and Tamil flourished in the answer

regions. There was a great development in Sanskrit and Telugu literature. The peak Upsc Prelims question Paper 1993 with
answers
of literary achievement was reached during the reign of Krishna Deva Raya. He
General Studies Prelims Paper 1992
himself was a scholar in Sanskrit and Telugu. His famous court poet Allasani question paper ...

May (131)
Peddanna was distinguished in Telugu literature. Thus the cultural contributions of April (46)

the Vijayanagar rulers were many-sided and remarkable.

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