REVIEWS 509

Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten. Edited by PATRICK

GRANFTELD and JOSEF A. JUNGMANN. Vol. 1: pp. xvi+498; vol.
2: pp. iv+499-972; 14 pp. plates. Miinster, Westf.: Aschen-
dorff, 1970. DM. 184.
DR. QUASTEN'S Festschrift is an impressive tribute; its proportions are
colossal, its execution precise, its presentation sumptuous. The two
volumes embody some 500,000 words and include no less than eighty-
one contributions by some of the most eminent scholars of the day;
thirty-four are in English, twenty-three in German, nineteen in French,
three in Italian, and two in Spanish. The major part comprises 'Studies
in Ancient Church History and Patristic Literature' (pp. 3-635); a
shorter, but substantial second part (pp. 639-938) is entitled 'Archaeo-
logical and Liturgical Studies', and concludes with an Epilogue con-
taining two personal tributes, a brief memoir, and a bibliography; an
Index of Names and a Subject Index are appended.
The large number of contributions and their very unequal length
(S. Y. Rudberg, 2 pp.; L. Doutreleau, 38 pp.) rule out any possibility
of an inventory which would be both fair and comprehensive and
tolerably concise; I can only undertake to list the main sections and
give the briefest possible indication of their contents, with occasional
enlargements more or less at random. (A page in this large format holds
about 600 words.)
1. The first section, on the Pre-Constantinian Church, includes: Y.
Congar on the theology of early Christian missions, 8 pp.; R. M. Grant
on demands for sacrifices and oaths in trials of early Christians, 6 pp.;
M. Spanneut on non-violence in the early African fathers, 4 pp.; A. W.
Ziegler on the political theory of early Christianity, 19 pp.; J. N.
Bakhuizen van den Brink on sacraments and ethics in the early Church,
10 pp. (his survey extends from Justin to John Chrysostom); and a
fascinating but macabre piece of 18 pp. by A. Henrichs illustrates the
crimes alleged against Christians from the fragments of a Greek romance,
the Phoenikika of Lollianus, which gave a lifelike description of a ritual
murder followed by sexual orgies. A preliminary edition of these
fragments appeared in 1969.
2. The section on Patristic Exegesis begins with an important contri-
bution of 10 pp. from M. Richard, describing his work on the severely
damaged and fragmented Codex Vatopedi 290, our only substantial source
for the Greek text of Hippolytus' Commentary on Daniel; the author
includes a restored text and translation of i. 18. B. M. Metzger (21 pp.)
studies the process by which names were supplied for anonymous

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/XXV/2/509/1646813

by guest
on 09 November 2017
 510 REVIEWS
characters of the New Testament. M. Aubineau (28 pp.) discusses
the exegesis of Christ's seamless robe, John xix. 23, in an essay rich in
theological suggestion. G. A. Egan (6 pp.) argues for the authenticity of
Ephrem's 'An Exposition of the Gospel'; K. T. Schafer (15 pp.)
defends De Bruyne's thesis of the Marcionite origin of the oldest
prologues to St. Paul's Epistles; M. Simonetti (12 pp., in Italian)
describes the use of John xiv. 28 in the Arian controversy; and F. G.
Cremer (20 pp.) records the exegesis of Mark ii. 18 parr. (The Question
about Fasting) with reference to the problem of the speakers involved.
3. There follow eight contributions, each of 10-12 pp., on the Apos-
tolic Fathers and the Greek Apologists: P. Meinhold on Ignatius'
theology of history; L. W. Barnard in defence of Ps.-Pionius' account
of Polycarp's martyrdom; J. C. M. van Winden, 'Le commencement du
dialogue entre la foi et la raison', deals with Justin, Celsus, and Origen;
A. J. Malherbe describes Athenagoras' judgements on the pagan poets
and philosophers and brings into relief his Platonist standpoint; F.
Bolgiani discusses c. 30 of Tatian's Oratio ad Graecos (in Italian), and the
section concludes with three essays on Melito's Peri Patcha: S. G. Hall
on the text and interpretation of cc. 1 and 2; T. Halton on stylistic
devices; and O. Perler on the typology of the Passion.
4. ' Christian Theology and Gnosticism' is the subject of three short
essays. H. Chadwick characterizes the theology of the Odes of Solomon
as 'archaic rather than gnostic', expressing agreement with a contem-
poraneous article by J. H. Charlesworth in the C.B.Q. G. Quispel
proposes a Jewish origin for the gnostic Demiurge; and W. C. van
Unnik explores the notion of 'wise fire' which appears in the 'Schrift
ohne Titel' from Codex II of the Nag-Hammadi find, published by A.
Bohlig in 1962.
5. Eight essays deal with writers of Christian Egypt: A. Knauber on
the changing reputation of Clement of Alexandria down to the sixteenth
century (20 pp.); H. Crouzel on the theme of 'the wound of love' in
Origen ( n pp.); J. Laporte, on the Fall in Philo and Origen (16 pp.);
P. Lebeau, on Origen's interpretation of Rom. viii. 19-22 (10 pp.); C.
Kannengiesser suggests where and when Arius wrote his Thalia (6 pp.);
S. der Nersessian lists and describes twenty-seven Armenian homilies
attributed to Theophilus, besides the nine already listed by M. Richard
(10 pp.); J. Vogt offers a German translation and discussion of Synesius'
Ep. 4, describing his stormy voyage from Alexandria en route for Cyrene
(9 pp.). By far the longest of these pieces is L. Doutreleau's impressively
detailed study of the manuscript tradition of Didymus, de Spiritu
Sancto. He lists no less than twenty-three lost manuscripts besides sixty

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/XXV/2/509/1646813

by guest
on 09 November 2017
 REVIEWS 511
which survive, and groups the latter into six families. The present
printed texts rest on a family which has suffered from unskilful Carol-
ingian revision, and the way is cleared for a new critical text.
6. Under the heading 'Writers of Cappadocia and Syria': H. D6rrie
expounds Gregory Nazianzen's Epiphany sermon, 39 (14 pp.); S. Y.
Rudberg explains the same author's metaphor of 'not-immobile pillars';
I. Onatibia sets out Theodore of Mopsuestia's doctrine on penance
(14 pp. in Spanish). There follow four papers dealing with John
Chrysostom: P. W. Harkins on his apologetic work, in the Demonstratio
contra Judaeos et Gentiles (10 pp.); H. Musurillo on his Homilies on
Matthew, evaluating the Latin version of Annianus, who emerges as a
useful witness to the text (8 pp.); J. Straub on his reference to the divin-
ization of Alexander in his twenty-sixth homily on 2 Corinthians
(12 pp.); and M. Schatkin arguing for the authenticity of the de Sancto
Babyla (16 pp.). Lastly J. H. Crehan discusses the opus imperfectum in
Matthaeum and its teaching that all marriage is sinful (8 pp.).
7. Latin Patristic Writers occupy a single section of ten contributions.
G. W. Clarke discusses four passages of Minucius Felix (8 pp.), and J.
Bauer two of Tertullian (3 pp.). A. Quacquarelli describes Tertullian's
exegesis of Matt. xix. 16 (10 pp., in Italian); W. J. Walsh writes on
Lactantius' image of the Church in de Mortibus Persecutorum (6 pp.);
B. Fischer delimits Ambrose's activities in the week between his
baptism and his consecration (Homes Dudden's picture of a progressive
series of ordinations must be abandoned; 4 pp.); F. Winkelmann in-
vestigates the theories and methods of translation adopted by Rufinus
and Jerome (15 pp.); T. C. Lawler elucidates Jerome's first letter to
Damasus (5 pp.); J. Ratzinger comments on Augustine's conception of
religious knowledge (20 pp.), rather surprisingly the only contributor to
deal with Augustine; P. G. Walsh discusses the situation of Paulinus of
Nola in a conflict of Christian and pagan culture, a thought-provoking
essay of 6 pp.; and P. Courcelle demonstrates Adelard of Bath's debt to
Boethius (4 pp.).
8. A section entitled Spirituality and Monasticism contains seven
short pieces of 3-8 pp.: F. Halkin offers the editio princeps of a brief
legend of Archippus (Col. iv. 17); R. T. Meyer describes Palladius'
view of Scripture reading; J. Meyendorff argues that Ps.-Macarius was
not a Messalian; E. des Places, who rejects Jaeger's thesis that'Macarius'
depends on Gregory Nyssen, and tentatively identifies him with
Symeon, discusses his influence on Diadochus of Photice; G. E.
Gingras interprets the phrase missa ad tertia in the Pilgrimage of Egeria
46, 4; R. Hanslik discusses the 'Reichenau glosses' on the Regula

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/XXV/2/509/1646813

by guest
on 09 November 2017
 512 REVIEWS
Benedict* as evidence for the form of text employed; and H. Graef
describes Symeon the New Theologian's concept of the Spiritual
Director.
9. A substantial contribution by K. Aland describes Hans Lietzmann's
cordial relations with Catholic patristic scholars of his time, and prints
letters exchanged with G. Mercati, F. Ehrle, Odo Casels, J. Bidez,
Ernst Stein, J. Sickenberger, A. Loisy, and F. M. Braun.

II. The second part begins with two illustrated essays on early Christian
churches and their ornaments. E. Kitzinger discusses floor mosaics at
Antioch and Bethlehem, in which crosses, or Solomon's knots deputiz-
ing for them, were placed on the threshold of a sanctuary as apotropaic
devices; and J. M. C. Toynbee describes the early Christian paintings at
Santa Maria in Stelle, near Verona.
2. Under the heading 'Liturgical Feasts and Colors': E. Sauser
describes the concept of the Paschal Mystery expressed in the so-called
'Passionssarkophagen' (8 pp.,illustrated); J. Danielou discusses Gregory
of Nyssa's Sermon on the Ascension, which is apparently the earliest
known relating to that feast, and which he dates in 388 (4 pp.); R. E.
McNally shows how the Three Kings were represented in early Irish
Latin writings (23 pp.); J. A. Jungmann shows how phrases drawn from
Marius Victorinus appear in Alcuin and pass over into the Roman
Breviary office for Trinity Sunday (6 pp.); and A. C. Rush discusses the
liturgical colours used in the Liturgy of the Dead (10 pp.: 'The leaders
of the Christian Church in the patristic period denounced mourning
black . . . In the medieval period . . . black was chosen as the . . . con-
ventional color . . . In the Church of the present. . . the rigid require-
ment of black is a thing of the past').
3. There follow three sections devoted respectively to The Liturgy
of Baptism, The Liturgy of the Word, and The Liturgy of the Eucharist.
Under the first heading: B. Neunheuser discusses recent work on the
origins of the baptismal liturgy (14 pp.); P. T. Camelot compares the
baptismal theology of Cyril of Jerusalem's Catechesis iii with that of his
(?) Mystagogical Catechesis ii; the latter is more developed and may well
belong to a later epoch than Cyril's own (5 pp.); and M. Harl examines
Gregory of Nyssa's interpretation of the phrase 'From glory to glory' in
relation to baptism (6 pp.).
4. A. Olivar inquires whether prepared or improvised sermons pre-
dominated in the Greek and Latin Fathers down to Severus of Antioch
and Gregory the Great (31 pp. in Spanish). O. Heiming introduces and
describes a Jacobite double lectionary of 824 attested by the manuscripts

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/XXV/2/509/1646813

by guest
on 09 November 2017
 REVIEWS 513
British Museum 14485-7 (32 pp.). A. Chavasse sets out the sources of
the Sermonary of Agimond (10 pp.). A.-G. Martimort demonstrates the
origin and significance of the Alleluia in the Roman Mass (not a primi-
tive adjunct of the lost third lesson, but an Eastern usage enriching the
Gospel Procession, adopted probably after the time of Gregory the
Great; 24 pp.).
5. A. Hamman studies the relation between the primitive Creed and
the eucharistic Anaphora (8 pp.); P. Rodopoulos describes Irenaeus'
view of the consecration (3 pp.); M. H. Shepherd, Jr. describes the
liturgical reform of Damasus I (16 pp.); W. Diirig reviews the scholas-
tics' arguments for communion sub una specie (11 pp.); J. Pascher dis-
' cusses the motif of contempt for earthly things in the collects of the
Roman Mass (11 pp.); and E. J. Lengeling offers a comparative study
of the practice of making the newly consecrated bishop, or alternatively
his consecrator, the celebrant at the eucharist of consecration (27 pp.).
The work concludes with two brief personal tributes by W. J.
Burghardt and J. Pelikan, a 'biographical essay' by P. Granfield, and an
impressive bibliography from the same hand. I may perhaps end by
quoting (from Burghardt) on 'the Quasten of Ancient Christian Writers.
It has been fascinating to share with him the joys and frustrations of
presenting the Fathers in translation to an English-speaking world
increasingly impatient with the past'; and (from Granfield), 'What is
most striking, however, in the life of Professor Quasten is his willing-
ness to servea quality basic for Christian scholarship. His life has
truly been a diakonia.' G. C. STEAD

Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark. By MORTON

SMITH. Pp. x+452, 2 plates. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press, 1973. 15.
PROFESSOR MORTON SMITH has made a startling find and seeks to build
on it even more startling conclusions. In 'two and a half pages of writ-
ing at the back of an old printed book' (p. ix) which originally came from
the Monastery of Mar Saba in the Judaean desert south of Jerusalem,
he claims to have identified a large fragment of a hitherto unknown letter
from Clement of Alexandria to a man called Theodore. This letter
includes two fragments, one quite substantial, of gospel-like material
which Clement thought to be part of a Secret Gospel of Mark. Professor
Morton Smith believes that this Secret Gospel dates from before 125,

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/XXV/2/509/1646813

by guest
on 09 November 2017