DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abbaspour, N., R. Hurrel, and R. Kelishadi. 2014. Review on iron and its
importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. Feb; 19(2): 164174.

Abdalla. M.Y., m. Fawzi., S.R. Al-Maloul., N. El-Banna., R.F. Tayyem., and I.

M. Ahmad. 2011. Increased Oxidative Stress And Iron Overload
Injordanian -Thalassemic Children. Hemoglobin, 35(1):6779.

Adawiyah, D.R., Lioe, H.N., Anggraeni, R. (2012). Isolation and characterization

of the major natural dyestuff component of Brazilwood (Caesalpinia sappan
L.), International Food Research Journal, 19(2): 537-542.

Aldini G, Yeum KJ, Niki E, Russell RM. 2010. Biomarkers for Antioxidant
Defense and Oxidative Damage: Principles and Practical Applications.
John Wiley & Sons. New York.

Amic, D., D. Davidovic-Amic, D. Belso, and N. Trinajsti. 2003. Structure-radical

Scavenging Activity Relationship of Flavonoids. Croatica Chemica Acta
76(1): 55-61.

Anderson, J., and C. Fitzgerald. 2010. Iron: An Essential Nutrient. Health: Food
and Nutrition Series, Fact Sheet No. 9.356.

Attia M.M.A., Sayed A.M., Ibrahim F.A., Mohammed A.S., dan El-Alfy M.S..
Effects Of Antioxidant Vitamins On The Antioxidant Status And Liver
Fuction In Homozygous Beta-Thalasemia. Romanian J Biophys., 2011, 21,
2, 93-106.

Barton, J.C., L F. Bertoli., J. Alford., J. C Barton and C. Q. Edwards. Hepatic

Iron in African Americans Who Underwent Liver Biopsy. The American
Journal of the Medical Sciences. Volume 349, Number 1

Beutler E, Hoffbrand AV, Cook JD. Iron chelation therapy. Hematology Am Soc.
Hematol Educ Program. Review, 2003:2003;:40-61..

Brissot, P., M. Ropert, C. Le Lan, O. Loreal. 2011. Non-transferrin bound iron: a

key role in iron overload and iron toxicity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
(BBA) - General Subjects .Volume 1820, Issue 3, Pages 403410..

Cohen, A.R., R. Galanello, J. Pennel, M.J. Cunningham, and E. Vichinsky. 2004.

Thallasemia. American Society of Hematology.

De Franceschi L, Bertoldi M, Matte A, Santos Franco S, Pantaleo A, Ferru E,

Turrini F. 2013. Oxidative stress and -thalassemic erythroid cells behind
the molecular defect. Oxid Med Cell Longev.;. doi: 10.1155/2013/985210.

61
 62

Devaki, R.N., S.A. Harisha., H.V. Shree., H.R.V. Kumar., and K. Poojitha. Serum
Ferritin Levels in Patients of BetaThalassaemia Major, Receiving Repeated
Blood Transfusion. Indian Journal Of Applied Research. Volume : 5 | Issue
: 7 | July 2015.

Dixon SJ, Stockwell BR. The role of iron and reactive oxygen species in cell
death. Nat Chem Biol. 2014;10:9-17.

Duman H, Canatan D, Alanoglu G, Sutu R, Nayr T (2013) The Antoxidant

Effects of Cappars Ovata and Deferasrox in Patents wth Thalassemia
Major. J Blood Disorders Transf 4:142. doi:10.4172/2155-9864.1000142.

Ebrahemzadeh, M. A., S. M. Nabavi, and S.F. Nabavi,. 2009. Correlation

Between the Iron Chelating Activity and Polyphenol and Flavonoid
Contents of Some. Medicinal Plants.Biological Science.Mazandaran
Univercity of Medical Sciences.Sari. Iran.

Evens, A.M., Metha J., and L.I. Gordon. 2004. Rust And Corrosion In
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The Problem Of Iron And
Oxidative Stress. Bone Marrow Transplantation: 34, 561571. Nature
Publishing Group.

Fibach E, and Rachmilewitz EA. The role of antioxidants and iron chelators in the
treatment of oxidative stress in thalassemia. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2010;1202
(2010):106.

Galanello R, and R. Origa. 2010. Beta-thalassemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis.

2010;5(11). doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-11.

Gamella, E., S. Recalcati., G. Cairo. 2016. Dual Role of ROS as Signal and Stress
Agents: Iron Tips the Balance in favor of Toxic Effects. Oxidative
Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Volume 2016, Article ID 8629024, 9.

Gupta, K.K., A. Mishra, and A. Tiwari. 2011. Production of Reactive Oxygen

Species, Its Effect , Drugs, and Plant Extract Used as an Antioxidant,
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research: Vol.2(9): 2278-2285.

He. W., Y. Feng., X. Li., Y. Wei., X. yang. Availability and toxicity of Fe(II) and
Fe(III) in Caco-2 cells. 2008. Zhejiang Univ Sci B 9(9):707-712

Hoffbrand, A.V., 2005. Deferiprone Therapy for Transfusional Iron Overload.

Best Pract Res Clin. Haematol.(18): 299-317

Holinesti, 2009. Studi Pemanfaatan Pigmen Brazilein Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia

sappan L.) Sebagai Pewarna Alami Serta Stabilitasnya pada Model Pangan.
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keluarga UNP. Vol. 1. No. 2.

Ismail, Y., L. Reniarti., dan D. Hilmanto. 2010. Perbedaan Kadar Feritin Serum
Anak Penyandang Thalassemia Mayor Setelah Pemberian Kelator Besi
 63

Deferiprone Dan Deferoxamine. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia, Volume

60, Nomor: 11.
Jin, H., A. Kanthasasmy., A.Ghosh., V. Anantharam., B. Kalyanaraman., A. G.
Kanthasasmy. 2013.F Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for treatment of
Parkinson's disease: Preclinical and clinical outcomes. Biophys. Acta. xxx
(2013) xxxxxx.
Jung. E., K. han., S. G. Hwang., H. J. Kwon., B.B. Patnaik., Y.H. Kim., and M.D.
Han. 2015. Brazilin isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. inhibits
rheumatoid arthritis activity in a type-II collagen induced arthritis mouse
model. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2015) 15:124.

Karamifar, H. 2005. Failure of Puberty and Linear Growth in Beta-Thalassemia

major. Turk J Haematol.

Kasper, D.L., A.S. Fauci, D.L. Longo, E. Braunwald, S. Hauser and J.L. Jameson.
2005. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Company.

Kasvosve, I., Delanghe J.R., Gomo Z.A., Gangaidzo, I.T., Khumalo H., Wuyts B.,
Mvundura E., Saungweme T., Moyo V.M., Boelaert, J.R., and Gordeuk
V.R. 2000. Clinical Chemistry 46:10

Kim ,K.J., Yu, H.H., Jeong, S.I., Cha, J.D., Kim, S.M., Yow, Y. O. 2004.
Inhibitory effects of Caesalpinia sappan on growth and invasion of
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.J. Ethnopharmacol ; 91(1): 81-
87.
Klein, A.B., N. Khaper., S. Llesuy., D.V. Vassallo., and C. Pantos. 2014.
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Strategies in Cardiovascular Disease.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular
Longevity Volume 2014.
Kohgo, Y., K. Ikuta, T. Ohtake, Y. Torimoto and J. Kato. 2008. Body iron
metabolism and pathophysiology of iron overload. Int J Hematol (2008)
88:715.

Kontoghiorghe. C.N., A. kolnagou., and G.J Kontoghiorghes. 2015.

Phytochelators Intended for Clinical Use in Iron Overload, Other Diseases
of Iron Imbalance and Free Radical Pathology. Molecules. 20, 20841
20872.

Lee, E.B., M.M. Xing., D.K. Kim. 2017. Lifespan-extending and stress resistance
properties of brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch Pharm Res. 2017 Jul;40(7):825-835.

Lim, C.S and n.D Vaziri, 2004. The effects of iron dextran on the oxidative stress
in cardiovascular tissues of rats with chronic renal failure. Kidney
International. Vol. 65 (2004), pp. 18021809.

List A.F., Iron Overload in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Diagnosis and

Management. Cancer control. January 2010, Vol. 17, No. 1 Supplement.
 64

Mackenzie, B., and M.D. Garrick. 2005. Iron Imports. II. Iron uptake at the apical
membrane in the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 289:
G981G986,;

Maskoen, A.M., Safitri, R., Milanda, T., Reniarti, L., and P.N. Fauziah. Iron
Chelation Ability of Granule Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan, L.)
Extract on Iron-Overloaded. International Journal of PharmTech Research,
2016,9(5),pp 299-305.

Mastuti, E., E.V.Kim., and M.E. Christanti. 2012. Ekstraksi Senyawa Brazilin
Dari Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia Sappan, Linn) Sebagai Bahan Baku
Alternatif Untuk Zat Warna Alami. Ekuilibrium. Vol. 11. No. 1. Halaman :
1 5.

Mirzaei, A., H. Delaviz., M. Mirzaei., and M. Tolooei. The Effects of Medicago

Sativa and Allium Porrum on Iron Overload in Rats. Glob J Health Sci.
2015 Dec; 7(7): 137142.

Muoz M, Garca-Erce JA, Remacha F. Disorder of iron metabolism. 2011. Part

1: Molecular basis of iron homeostasis. J Clin Pathol ; 64: 281-6.

Murphy, M.P. 2009. How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species.

Biochem. J. 417, 113

Musumeci, M., S. Maccari., A. Massimi., T. Stati., P. Sestili., E. Corritore., A.

pastorelli., P. Stacchini., G. Marano., and L. Catalano. 2014. Iron excretion
in iron dextran-overloaded mice. Blood Transfus ; 12: 485-90.

Nadadur S.S, Srirama K, Mudipalli A. 2008. Iron transport & homeostasis

mechanisms: Their role in health & disease. Indian J Med Res; 128: 533-
44.

Nales, D.A., A. F. Schobben., H. Vromans., T.C.G. Egberts., and C. Rademaker.

2016. Safe and effective pharmacotherapy in infants and preschool
children: importance of formulation aspects. Arch Dis Child 2016;101:662
669.

Niedzielska. E., I.Smaga., M. Gawlik., A. Moniczewski., P. Stankowicz., J. pera.,

and M. Filip. 2016. Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol
Neurobiol 53:40944125.

Nirmal. N.P., R.G.S.V. Prasad., and S. Keokitichai. 2014. Wound healing activity
of standardized brazilin rich extract from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood. J.
Chem. Pharm. Res., 6(10):195-201.

Nirmal, N.P., M. S. Rajput, R.G.S.V. Prasad, and M. Ahmad. 2015. Brazilin From
Caesalpinia sappan Heartwood and Its Pharmacological Activities:
AReview. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Medicine 8 (6): 421-430.
 65

Oliveira , L.F.C., Edwards, H.G.M., Velozo, E.S., Nesbitt , M. 2002. Vibrational

Spectroscopic Study Of Brazilin And Brazilein. The Main Constituents Of
Brazilwood From Brazil. Vibr Spectr 28(2): 243-249.
Olivieri N.F. and G.M. Brittenham. 2013. Management of the Thalassemias. Cold
Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013;3:a011601.

Panglossi HV. Leading Edge Antioxidants Research. Nova Publishers. New York.
2007.

Patne AB, Hisalkar PJ, Gaikwad SB, Patil SV. Alterations in antioxidant enzyme
status with lipid peroxidation in -thalassemia major patients. Int J of
Pharm & Life Sci. 2012;3(10).

Perdana, W.Y., dan D.J. Jacobus. Hepcidin dan Anemia Defisiensi Besi. CDK-
235/ vol. 42 no. 12, th. 2015.

Petroff, S. 2005. Evaluating Traditional Iron Measures and Exploring New

Options for Patientson Hemodialysis. Nephrol Nursing Journal. (32): 65-
75.

Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and

health. Int J Biomed Sci. 2008;4(2): 89-96.

Pilo, F., A.A. Tucci, L. Dessi, and E. Angelucci. 2009. Management of

Transfusional Chronic Iron Overload: Focus on Deferasirox. Clinical
Medicine: Therapeutics. (1) : 735-745.

Poggiali, E., E. Cassinerio, L. Zanaboni, and M.D. Cappellini. 2012. An Update

on Iron Chelation Therapy. Blood Transfus.Oct; 10(4): 411422.

Priyantiningsih, D.R. 2010. Pengaruh Deferasirox Terhadap Kadar T4 dan TSH

pada Penderita Beta-Thalassemia Mayor dengan Feritin yang Tinggi.
Program Pasca Sarjana Magister Ilmu Biomedik Universitas Diponegoro.
Semarang.

Ray, D.P., B. Huang., and Y. Tsuji. 2012. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cell Signal. May ;
24(5): 981990.

Romero, A., E. ramos., C.D. Rios., J. Egea., J. Pino., and R.J. Reiter. 2014. A
review of metal-catalyzed molecular damage: protection by melatonin. J.
Pineal Res; 56:343370.

Rondao, R., J. S. de Melo., J. Pina., M.J.melo., T. vitorino., and J Parola. 2013.

Brazilwood Reds: The (Photo)Chemistry of Brazilin and Brazilein. The
Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117, 1065010660.

Rujito L, Mulatsih S, Sofro ASM. 2015. Status of superoxide dismutase in

transfusion dependent thalassaemia. N Am J Med Sci.;7(5): 1948.
 66

Rund, D and Rachmilewitz. 2005. Beta Thalassemia. N Engl J Med. (353): 1135-
46.

Saito H, Tomita A, Ohashi H, Maeda H, Hayashi H, Naoe T. Determination of

ferritin and hemosiderin iron in patients with normal iron stores and iron
overload by serum ferritin kinetics. Nagoya J Med Sci, 2012; 74(12): 39
49.

Safitri, R. 2002. Karakterisasi Sifat Antioksidan In Vitro Beberapa Senyawa Yang

Terkandung Dalam Tumbuhan Secang (Caesalpinnia sappan, L.).Disertasi.
Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Padjadjaran. Bandung.

Safitri, R., N. Ratningsih., A.N. Maskoen., P.N. Fauziah., and R. Panigoro. 2016.
The Effects of Caesalpinia sappan L. Extract Granule to Antioxidant
Activity In Blood Serum of Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus) With Excessive
Iron Condition. International Journal of PharmTech Research, ,9(11): 38-
46.

Sangartit, W., W. Donpunha., U. Kukongviriyapan., P. Pakdeechote., V.

Kukongviriyapan., P. Surawattanawan. 2013. Effect of Combined
Tetrahydrocurcumin and Deferiprone on Oxidative Stress and Vascular
Dysfunction in Iron Overloaded Mice. Srinagarind Med J 2013; 28.

Sarumathy, K., T. Vijay, J. Jayakanti, and D. Rajan,. 2011. A Protective effect of

Caesalpinia sappan (CS) on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity and
oxidative stress in male albino rats. IJPIs Journal of Pharmacology and
Toxicology.(1) : 2.

Schieber. M., and N.S. Chandel. 2014. ROS Function in Redox Signaling and
Oxidative Stress. Current Biology: Vol.24 No 10. R453R462.

Sharma, R. N and S.S. Pancholi. 2010. Oral Iron Chelator: A New Avenue for the
Management of Thalassemia Major. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical
Research. Ganpat University. India. (01): 1-7.

Siah CW, Ombiga J, Adams LA, Trinder D, Olynyk JK. Normal iron metabolism
and the physiopathology of iron overload disorders. Clin Biochem Rev. (10.

Sinambela, S.D., S. Ariswoyo., And H.R. Sitepu. 2014. Menentukan Koefisien

Determinasi Antara Estimasi M Dengan Type Welsch Dengan Least
Trimmed Square Dalam Data Yang Mempunyai Pencilan. Saintia
Matematika. Vol. 02, No. 03.

Singh, N., R.G. Niyogi., D. Misrha., M. Sharma., D. Singh. Antioxidants in Oral

Health and Diseases: Future Prospects. IOSR Journal of Dental and
Medical Sciences. p-ISSN: 2279-0861. Volume 10, Issue 3.
 67

Sofro AS. Cross over in thalassemia. In: Proceeding book of 12th national
congress of child health and 11th ASEAN pediatric federation conference;
2002 June 30- July 4; Bali, Indonesia. Bali: IDAI; 2002. p. 535.

Srichairatanakool S, Fucharoen S. Antioxidants as complementary medication in

thalassemia. Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of
Disease, chapter 4. InTech. 2014.

Stuart, 2011. Medicine Philipine. stuartxchange.com/Sapan.html. Diakses tanggal

2 Februari 2014.

Sumantri, N.I., U. Baroroh., A. Sazali., M.Yusuf.,and R.Safitri. 2017. In Silico

Study Of Brazilin From Caesalpinia Sappan, L. As Iron Chelator Agent.
Moleculer, Cellular and Life Sciences. Unpublished.

Taher, A.T., A. Radwan and Viprakasit, V. 2014. When to consider transfusion

therapy for patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemi. The
International Journal of Transfusion Medicine. Vox Sanguinis 108, 110.

Tapas, A., D.M. Sakarkar, and R.B. Kakde. 2008. Flavonoids as Nutrsaceuticals:
a Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 7 (3): 1089-1099.

Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), 2011. Australian Public Assessment

Report for Deferiprone. Proprietary Product Name : Ferriprox. Australian
Government. Department of Health and Ageing. AusPAR Ferriprox
Deferiprone Orphan Australia Pty Ltd.

Thomas D.C., 2014. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Iron in Hemoglobin

Associated Diseases. Free Radic Biol Med. July ; 72: 2340.

Udipi, S., P. Ghugre., C. Gokhale. 2012. Iron, Oxidative Stress and Health.
Oxidative Stress - Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Effects. ISBN
978-953-51-0554-1, InTech China.

Valentina, I., dan I.N. Sukartini. 2013. Kelebihan Zat Besi Sekunder Berkaitan
Dengan Saturasi Transferin Dan Feritin. Indonesian Journal of Clinical
Pathology and Medical Laboratory, Vol. 20, No. 1:5157.

Vanichsetakul, 2011. Thalassemia: Detection, Management, Prevention &

Curative Treatment. The Bangkok Medical Journal. Bangkok, Thailand.

Vichinsky, E., L. Neumayr., S. Trimble., P.J. Giardina., A.R. Cohen., T. Coates.,

J. Boudreaux., E.J. Neufeld., K. Kenney., A. Grant., and A.A. Thompson.
2014. Transfusion Complications in Thalassemia Patients: A Report from
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Transfusion. ;
54(4): 972971.

Viprakasit, V., P. Tyan., S. Rodmaj., A.T. Taher. 2014. Identification and key
management of non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia patients: not a rare
 68

but potentially under-recognised condition. Orphanet Journal of Rare

Diseases 2014, 9:131

Vogel, F. and A.G Motulsky's. 2013. Vogel and Motulsky's Human Genetics:
Problems and Approaches. 3rd Edition. Springer Science & Business Media.
germany

Wahidiyat P.A.W. 2007. Problem and Management of Thalassemia in Jakarta.

Department of child health FKUI. PIT Yogyakarta.

Wahyuningrum, M.R. dan Probosary, E. 2012. Pengaruh Pemberian Buah Pepaya

(Carica Papaya L.) Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Pada Tikus Sprague
Dawley Dengan Hiperkolesterolemia. Journal of Nutrition College,
Volume 1, Nomor 1.

Wang. M., R. Liu., C.Wang., W. kang., G. Yang., W. Zhong., and Y. lai. 2015.
Combined histological and hematological assessment of iron-induced organ
damage in a gerbil model of iron overload. Am J Transl Res 7(2):385-392.

Warinhomhaun, S., B. Sritularak., V. Panapisal., and D. Charnvanich. 2016.

Comparative study of semi-purification methods of Caesalpinia sappan L.
extract:Thin layer chromatography and free radical scavenging activity.
Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TJPS). Vol.40.

Weatherall, D.J. and JB. Clegg. 2001. The Thalassemia syndromes, 4th ed.
Blackwell Scientific Publ. Oxford.;109-10.

Weiss, G., and L.T. Goodnough,. 2005. Anemia of Chronic Diasease. NEJM. 352:
1011-1023.

Wetwitayaklung, P., P. Thawathchai, and K. Sindachai. 2005. The Antioxidant of

Caesalpinia sappan Heartwood in Various Ages. Naresuan University
Journal. 13(2): 43-52.

Wish, J. B. 2006. Assessing iron Status: Beyond Serm Ferritin and Transferrin
Saturation. University Hospital Of Cleveland and Departement of
Medicine, Case Wastern Reserve University, Cleveland. Ohio. Clin J Am
Soc Naphrol. (1) : S4-S8.

Winatasasmita, D., S.A. Soesilawati, dan Hernawati. 2010. Penuntun Praktikum

Fisiologi Hewan. Jurusan Biologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Bandung.

Wood, J.C., T. Glynos., A. Thompson., P.Giardina., P.Harmatz., B.P. Kang.,

C.Paley., and T.D. Coates. 2011. ionship between labile plasma iron, liver
iron concentration and cardiac response in a deferasirox monotherapy trial.
haematologica; 96(7).

Zeeba-Zaka-ur-Rab, M. Adnan., S.M Ahmad., N. Islam. 2016. Effect of Oral Iron

on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Children with
 69

Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.

Oct, Vol-10(10): SC13-SC19

Zhang, D., E.M. Holtz and T.A. Rouault. 2007. Renal Iron Metabolism:
Transferin Iron Delivery and the Role of Iron Regulatory Proteins. Journal
American Society of Nephrology. 18: 401-406.