CONTENTS

Contents Page No
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 FACTORS INFLUENCING SEISMIC RESISTANCE 2
1.1.1 Ductility 2
1.1.2 Energy dissipation capacity 2
1.1.3 Deformability 3
1.1.4 Flexural Strength 3
1.2 METHODS FOR IMPROVING SEISMIC RESISTANCE 3
1.2.1 Base Isolation Method 3
1.2.2 Use energy dissipation device (seismic dampers) 3
1.2.3 Use FRP confinement 4
1.2.4 Properties of FRP 4
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 BFRP BARS AND BFRP SHEET REINFORCEMENT 7
2.2 STRENGTHENING OF LAP SPLICES USING CFRP 9
2.3 WRAPPING WITH FRP JACKETS 10
2.4 CONCRETE FILLED FRP TUBE COLUMNS 12
3. NEW MODEL OF CFRP-CONFINED CIRCULAR CONCRETE 20
3.1 COLUMNS: ANN APPROACH 20
3.2 AVAILABLE EMPIRICAL FRP-CONFINED MODELS 21
3.3. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 22
3.3.1 Back-propagation neural network 23
3.4 NEURAL NETWORK DESIGN AND TRAINING 24
3.5 IMPORTANCE OF INPUT PARAMETERS 27
3.6 MODEL DEVELOPMENTS FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF
CONFINED CONCRETE 28

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 3.7 PARAMETRIC STUDY 31
4. CONCLUSIONS 34

REFERENCES 35

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Page No
1.1 Column damage 1
2.1 Templates used to manufacture FRP casings & FRP crossties 7
2.2 Placement of crossties in columns 7
2.3 FRP confinement 9
2.4 FRP sheets application 9
2.5 FRP Bars 9
2.6 Schematic of composite columns 11
2.7 FRP confined segments preparation 12
2.8 Manufacturing process of CFFT columns 13
3.1 Architecture of the first ANN model 26
3.2 Experimental and corresponding ANN compressive strength for-
the training and test data of ANN Model 26
3.3. Importance of input parameters of the first ANN model 27
3.4. Experimental and corresponding ANN
compressive strength of the test data of second model 29
3.5. Histogram and normal distribution curve for the second mathematical model 30
3.6 Effect of the tensile strength of the CFRP on the compressive strength-
of the FRP confined concrete 32
3.7 Effect of the total thickness of the CFRP on the compressive-
strength of the CFRPconfined concrete 33

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table No Title Page No

3.1: Range of input data used in the ANN models 25

3.2: Weights and threshold levels of the ANN model 28

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