SELECTED REFERENCES - FLOW MEASUREMENTS Buchanan, Thomas J., and Somners, William P., 1969, Discharge Measurements at Gaging Stations: U.S. Geol. Survey Techniques of Water Resource Investigations, book 3 chap. A8, 65 p. Driscoll, Fletcher G., 1986, Groundwater and Wells 2 ed.: Johnson Division, St. Paul MN p. 909 — 1072. Eli, Robert, Pedersen, Harald, and Sayder, Ronald, 1980, Calibration of a 90- degree V-notch Weir using Parameters Other Than Upstream Head: US. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati OH, EPA-600/4-80-035, 93 p. ‘American Society for Testing and Materials, 1994, ASTM D 5242 ~ 92, Standard ‘Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurements of Water with Thin-Plate Weits: Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol. 11.01 Water p-170-176[Volumetric Discharge Mensurmenta (Buckat & Stopwatsh)_|_ T {| — General Female: Few Gallons pr minus) = (secondamn)Tane soc] gale a 7 ca Gaon Sax —|— 4 Posse eal = Bec ‘cket [oem i ra + 7 Te $2000 [tana z = ae mo 7400 | + ae co ‘hoo + : i ‘nao [a0 + a an i “00 | 1400 nae. = on a = ae cr | = a0 | : = a ao ‘a0 x ci [2 ‘at = — — ‘ts —t = = ry [—= rc = z L aa a 14 - 2 Se od eal 3 ta a0 3 Sar | 48 — 3 aa [—s 30 ca t— Es 3a ole : 3 cc a7 — =" ate ia - Es a ae = 305 ie isto 255 aa = ele 230 eta = ‘s 27 3a 4 = 33 ies ae ci z : — rs ie = 2 Et co = a ar 1 Son =a[20® Degree V-notch Weirs t 1 (General formula: Gnal? T [as Discharge R 7 = I= Hood of water above apex - ia 2.082 = - bs 2466 i a eat) [aaa ‘onT6r ose 0.08000 036 C ‘0.05853 KEN 0.06667 a2 0.07500 230 1.08333 288 ‘0.08167 378| 0.10000 ‘66. 0.10833. art : 0.11667 685 0.42500 B12 0.15985 3.82 a.1at67 1.06 9.16000] —— 1273 0.46833 | — 4455 0.16657 1651 7 0.17600 1882 0.18333 2088 ‘o.st67 2330 2688-[|—— 282 —| is 1 34.60. ‘7.88 ‘iz_— AS™ DS5242 Niet wees SES _WIeD Qs (ahs\( gy Co Ts. fa) H sh. WEF HS Hea mensuend IN Fear WARE “Bewiny WHE wel AT 0.08 to 9,0 nena he DistHnce EQuee 10 YH To THagy WsRERE Honk Is THE mAUMUm Hen on THE weird = Accutane Dur TS Genvorcy Notch edge section Ob. = 32.4 $3 |sec® OF ered ARLE, Ftee——= Cay Descwntets Comer” = 15714 Fer Jo? wees = eee oe st «B7G Feve Gd" whes em a aoa ee Q= DiSeunace ms C&S Fo?_wewe © 4 Coupmans Comair) H/P ZL —s = Qz= 23H a HBS On Pz 0347 le Bz22¢7 GO _ wes sla Oussre HS QET Q= 1H a 7 Oud ese (Lies) HP 4 0.4 H/B£ OQ PZ ser & Foe 70° weies EPA PuBucmned se Bz 308r “THE Fonswmne Equarniod : Q= CM fi = 3.052 b= WHO Hew ts eer wmenoveeo AT THE Nery Qs Dseneoe ns ces Oba LH LS-4T| ‘Sige | [ar | ass [caer —| ia — ‘ores | eau [—d0as—|~ ‘ts | oan soo | : S ae tau a3 [tase tn pee] = ts ae A @ E SERReERS Bee ieee ge‘gee ee! ay on En ep] fa aaa [>to a3 |~aar 33} — ae Sm co 3a ay 34 an ar 3 i cc [saa cc FEE ingle BREESE SEEREEKemmerer Wwees Q= 3.33(L-o2n)a'* Le Lewenr oF wer opevmee wS €T 0.03 to 0.08 Inches- “to Fans H= Head oO wed ws FEET. HEAD musT Be mensvend Baek 0s THE Peo AT A DISTINCE OAT LewT 4 Hung TOS Hm “O WHECE. Huae 5 THE macimunt Henp end WHE Wweie } > as Qe Discunese ms COD Courmonss (huts) 8F Appucarion 2 H#/P 42 Hz OST Lz o.54T Pz ost wore: THE MBE Eunos way Be mad fee h7 4.046 m0 foe H 7 204T fect yO wm DS2H2‘Stream Flow Measurements ~ General Notes ‘Open Channel Flow: The discharge is calculated using the following equation Q=Vat A Where: Q= Discharge in cubic feet per second ‘Vm = Mean (average) velocity in feet per second ‘A= cross-sectional area in square feet ‘The cross-sectional area is determined by measurements of water depth (D) and corresponding channel section length (L); A= L*D In order to convert the flow in cubic feet per second (CFS) to Gallons per Minute (GPM) multiply this number by 448.8 Q(GPM) = Q(CFS) * 448.8 ‘Velocity Distribution: Flow velocities vary both across the stream and also with depth, We can account for the difference across the stream section by taking a number of velocity measurements. Since the flow also ‘aries with depth at any given point inthe stream, thee are also methods to deal with this problem in order to give usa reasonable estimate of the average (mean) velocity (Vin) For stream depths of 2.5 feet or less a velocity taken at 6/10 ths of the total depth is assumed to be representative of the mean velocity (Vm) For stream depths of 2.5 feet or greater 2 velocity measurements are made one at 2/10 ths and one at 8/10 ths of the total depth. The average of these two measurements is assumed to be the mean velocity (Vm) ‘When using a floating object you are actually measuring the surface velocity and this measurement should 'be multiplied by 0.85 in order to be representative of the mean velocity (Vm). Site seletion: In order to obtain the best possible accuracy you should select a portion of the stream that has the following characteristics: 1. A straight reach with flow parallel tothe streambanks 2. A stable streambed free of large rocks, weeds and obstructions, 3. The channel should have as much straight un as possible look for sections which have straight upstream lenghts which are at east twice the width of the stream 4. Avoid areas immediately downstream of bridges, culverts and other obstructions,T J OTK SO Su ND oF (USTUR Tod VOR} HANA) DN WEI] SEINE ON USATOS OL wR = —— ee" "= Bue woRDeg 3) a a “350 KSB sen a Ba ey 0H WU "HEOISA aopSee HEINE we 5 pes Fa BNR Sw Devin en toy ens we ea sO aT oT raw SSIS Fa US Kore ou Buna poup wf) fone Ouse jwoopoee TaD vy SURINIDS TONE a ee ey ra Behe Bn aU pw tod yee BUN Eee Hunn! 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