Name_______________________________ Date:______________ Period:______

REVIEW Unit 10 Test (Chp 17): Buffers and Acid-Base Titrations

Use these answers for questions 1 3 Ionization Constants

CH3COOH Ka = 1.8 x 105
(A) a solution with a pH less than 7 that is not a buffer solution
NH3 Kb = 1.8 x 105
(B) a buffer solution with a pH between 4 and 7
(C) a buffer solution with a pH between 7 and 10 H2CO3 K1 = 4 x 107
(D) a solution with a pH greater than 7 that is not a buffer solution H2CO3 K2 = 4 x 1011
(E) a solution with a pH of 7

___1. A solution prepared to be initially 1 M in NaCl and 1 M in HCl.

___2. A solution prepared to be initially 1 M in Na2CO3 and 1 M in CH3COONa

___3. A solution prepared to be initially 0.5 M in CH3COOH and 1 M in CH3COONa

4. What change(s) will be caused by addition of a small amount of NaOH to a solution containing
nitrite ions and nitrous acid? (hint: write two reactions original rxn, then addition of NaOH)

___5. A solution of calcium hypochlorite, a common additive to swimming-pool water, is

(A) basic because of the hydrolysis of the OCl ion
(B) basic because Ca(OH)2 is a weak and insoluble base
(C) neutral if the concentration is kept below 0.1 molar
(D) acidic because of the hydrolysis of the Ca2+ ions
(E) acidic because the acid HOCl is formed

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___6. Mixtures that would be considered buffers include which of the following?
I. 0.50 M HC2H3O2 + 0.50 M NaC2H3O2
II. 0.50 M HNO3 + 0.50 M Fe(NO3)2
III. 0.50 M NH3 + 0.50 M NH4Cl
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II
(E) I and III

7. A 50.mL sample of 0.25 M Ca(OH)2 is titrated with a 0.50 M HCl solution. What is the [OH]
(molarity) before any acid is added?

8. Ammonia, NH3, a common household cleaner, was titrated with HCl to determine its concentration.
For 10.0 milliliters of the NH3, 20.0 milliliters of 0.100-molar HCl solution was required.
What was the concentration of NH3 originally?

9. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs during the titration of hypobromous acid
with barium hydroxide.

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Questions 1013,
The graph below shows the titration curve that results when 100. mL of an unknown monoprotic acid HA
is titrated with 0.100 M NaOH.

___10. Which of the following indicators is the best choice for this titration?
pH Range of
Indicator Color Change

(A) Methyl orange 3.2 - 4.4

(B) Methyl red 4.8 - 6.0
(C) Bromothymol blue 6.1 - 7.6
(D) Phenolphthalein 8.2 - 10.0
(E) Alizarin 11.0 - 12.4

___11. What part of the curve corresponds to the optimum buffer action for the acid/conjugate ion pair?
(A) Point V
(B) Point X
(C) Point Z
(D) Along all of section WY
(E) Along all of section YZ

12. Based on the equivalence point shown in the graph, determine the concentration of the acid HA.

13. Is HA a weak acid or a strong acid? List 3 reasons for your choice based on the graph.

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Questions 14-15,

14. A pH curve for a certain titration is described in the following manner.

The graph of pH vs. mL of substance added lowers gradually at first, then drops steeply, followed by a
leveling of pH at a low value.
Sketch the graph described on the axes below.

___15. Which of the following is the correct labeling of the substance titrated and the titrant (substance
added) in question 14 above?
(A) strong base with strong acid
(B) weak base with strong acid
(C) weak base with weak acid
(D) weak acid with weak base
(E) strong acid with weak base

___16. What is the end point of a titration? The point at which

(A) the moles of weak and conjugate are equal
(B) the moles of substance titrated and the moles of titrant are stoichiometrically equal
(C) the volume of titrant is equal to the volume of the substance titrated
(D) the indicator changes color
(E) the pH is equal to 7

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 Section II Free Response

CALCULATOR ALLOWED
CLEARLY SHOW THE METHODS USED AND STEPS INVOLVED IN YOUR ANSWERS.
It is to your advantage to do this, because you may earn partial credit if you do and little or no credit if you
do not. Attention should be paid to significant figures.

C6H5COOH(aq) H+(aq) + C6H5COO(aq) Ka = 6.46 x 105

1. Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, dissociates in water as shown in the equation above. A 25.0 mL
sample of an aqueous solution of benzoic acid is titrated using standardized 0.150 M NaOH.
(a) After addition of 15.0 mL of the 0.150 M NaOH, the pH of the resulting solution is 4.37.
Calculate each of the following.
(i) [H+] in the solution (1)

(ii) The number of moles of NaOH added (1)

(iii) The number of moles of C6H5COO in the solution (1)

(iv) [C6H5COOH] in the solution (2)

(v) The number of moles of C6H5COOH in the solution (1)

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In a different titration, a 0.7529 g sample of a mixture of solid C6H5COOH and solid NaCl is
dissolved in water and titrated with 0.150 M NaOH. The equivalence point is reached when
24.78 mL of the base solution is added.

(b) State whether the solution at the equivalence point is acidic, basic, or neutral.
Explain your reasoning. (1)

(c) Calculate each of the following.

(i) The moles of benzoic acid in the solid sample (1)

(ii) The mass, in grams, of benzoic acid in the solid sample (1)

(iii) The mass percentage of benzoic added in the solid sample (1)

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 H2NNH2(aq) + H2O(aq) H2NNH3+(aq) + OH(aq) Kb = 3.0 x 106
2. Hydrazine, a weak base, reacts with water according to the reaction represented above.
A sample of hydrazine is dissolved in water to produce 100.0 mL of a 0.10 M solution. This
solution is titrated with 0.20 M HNO3.

(a) Write the balanced net-ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when the solution
of HNO3 is added to the solution of hydrazine. (1)

(b) Calculate the pH of the solution when 20.0 mL of the acid has been added. (3)

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(c) Calculate the volume of acid added at equivalence for the titration in part (a). (1)

(d) Calculate the pH at the equivalence point of the titration in part (a). (2)

(e) The pKa values for several indicators are given below. Which of the indicators listed is most
suitable for this titration? Justify your answer. (1)

Indicator pKa

Thymol blue 2
Methyl orange 4
Phenolphthalein 9

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3. A 1.22 g sample of a pure monoprotic acid, HA, was dissolved in distilled water. The
HA solution was then titrated with 0.250 M KOH. The pH was measured throughout the titration,
and the equivalence point was reached when 40.0 mL of the KOH solution had been added. The
data from the titration are recorded in the table below.

Volume of 0.250 M KOH pH of Titrated

Added (mL) Solution

0.00 ?
10.0 3.72
20.0 4.20
30.0 ?
40.0 8.62
50.0 12.40

(a) Explain how the data in the table above provide evidence that HA is a weak acid
rather than a strong acid. (1)

(b) Write the balanced net-ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when the solution
of KOH is added to the solution of HA. (1)

(c) Calculate the number of moles of HA that were titrated. (1)

(d) Calculate the molar mass of HA . (1)

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The equation for the dissociation reaction of HA in water is shown below.
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A(aq) Ka = 6.3 105

(e) Assume that the initial concentration of the HA solution (before any KOH solution was added)
is 0.200 M . Determine the pH of the initial HA solution. (2)

(f) Calculate the value of [H3O+] in the solution after 30.0 mL of 0.250 M KOH solution is
added to 50.0 mL of 0.200 M HA solution. (3)

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4. An approximately 0.1molar solution of NaOH is to be standardized by titration with a primary
standard. Assume that the following materials are available.

Clean, dry 50 mL buret 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask

25 mL pipet Wash bottle filled with distilled water

Analytical balance 10 mL graduated cylinder

Phenolphthalein indicator 100 mL volumetric flask

Potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHP, a pure solid monoprotic acid (a primary standard)

(a) Briefly describe a procedure and indicate the measurements to be made, using the materials
listed above, to standardize the NaOH solution. (You may not use all of the materials) (3)

(b) Describe at least three calculations necessary to determine the concentration of the newly
standardized NaOH solution. (2)

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(c) After the NaOH solution has been standardized, it is used to titrate 10.0 mL of a weak
monoprotic acid, HX. The equivalence point is reached when 25.0 mL of NaOH solution
has been added. On the graph provided below, sketch the titration curve, showing the pH
changes that occur as the volume of NaOH solution added increases from 0 to 35.0 mL.
Clearly label the equivalence point on the curve. (2)

(d) Explain what effect each of the following changes in the titration procedure listed in part (c)
would have on the calculated concentration of HX . Justify your answers.
(i) The buret used to titrated the HX solution was rinsed with distilled water before it was filled
with standardized NaOH solution. (1)

(ii) A 20.0 mL sample of HX solution is titrated rather than a 10.0 mL sample. (1)

(e) The graph at the right shows the results obtained by

titrating a different weak acid, H2Y , with the
standardized NaOH solution.
Identify the negative ion that is present in the
highest concentration at the point in the titration
represented by the letter A on the curve. (1)

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 ANSWER KEY

1. 2006B #1 (modified slightly)

2. 2003 #1(c)(d)(e) (modified version with different substances and/or values.)

3. 2012 #1

3. 1998D (modified version of ACID BASE 1998D Required)

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