On line Multi-parameter Analyzer

Analysis of COD/BOD/TSS/pH for Sewage and Waste Water Treatment Plants

 For over seven decades, Forbes Marshall has been building steam engineering and control instrumentation solutions
that work for process industries. Today we have evolved into a leader in process efficiency and energy conservation
through technology tie-ups and focused investments in manufacturing and research. Our joint ventures with the
world's leading names enable us to deliver quality solutions in more than 20 countries. Forbes Marshall is unique in
having extensive expertise in both steam and control instrumentation. The dual expertise has allowed us to engineer
industry specific systems that focus on energy efficiency and utilities management for diverse sectors such as textiles,
food processing, paper, power, mining, oil and gas, and chemicals.

Our teams consist some of the finest engineers and talent. These highly trainedNew CIG corporate para professionals
have developed innovative solutions to better process efficiencies and help save millions of rupees for our clients. Our
business practices and processes have combined into a singular philosophy of being trusted partners who provide
innovative solutions. It's a philosophy we are proud to live up to.

We have long standing partnerships with some of the best names in the control instrumentation industry such as
Spirax, Arca, Codel, Krohne and Shinkawa, to develop, design and supply innovative solutions for measurement and
monitoring of process parameters. With a combination of specialist knowledge and the latest technology, we provide
products and solutions to achieve optimum efficiency. Our products are a unique combination of hardware and
software that make them reliable and accurate.

Introduction
Backed by more than ten years of expertise, the UVpcx is a state-of-the-art water
monitoring system specially designed for high reliability, low operating cost and small size.
Ultra-Violet spectroscopy, the most reliable and stable method, is used to analyse specific
parameters like ammonia, COD, BOD, TOC, hydrocarbons, nitrate and fluorescent tracers.
Optical methods are also used for turbidity, TSS and colour while electrodes are used for
pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity.
Based on a modular design, the UVpcx can be configured as:
Mono-parameter system: on many process control applications, only one parameter is
critical. In this case, the UVpcx offers a cost-competitive solution.
Multi-parameter system: water chemistry is complex and to meet the regulations for
drinking water or sewage wastewater, many parameters have to be taken into
account.
Designed in compliance with CE electromagnetic standards and using a watertight box,
the UVpcx is the ideal instrument for industrial applications such as:
Municipal water treatment plants
Raw water treatment plants
Industrial effluents monitoring
River monitoring
Chemical, oil and food industries

Standard methods and on-line analysis

Standard methods are based on traditional and well-
known chemical methods that are convenient for
laboratory use but not applicable for on-line analysis.
The automation of such traditional methods leads to a
complex system that would require high maintenance and
have a poor reliability. Moreover, the cost of reagent is
prohibitive and some of these are dangerous pollutants.
Also, the measuring time is generally not compatible with
process control.
To overcome the above hindrances, and for stable, fast
and reliable measurements, the UVpcx uses optical
methods for specific parameters like ammonia, COD,BOD,
TOC, hydrocarbons, nitrate, fluorescent tracers and color.
There is no drift in measurements as compared to the
electrode based system.
On some applications, the results on UVpcx can be more
accurate than those obtained by standard colorimetric
methods that are subject to several interferences, for
example chloride for nitrate and COD analysis.
Multi-Language Data logging with RS232 download
The touch screen human interface provides an
incomparable facility for setting the parameters, calibrating
or testing the instrument, in several languages like, English,
Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese,
simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese, Malay, Korean.

10-years lamp life

The UV xenon lamp is specified for 109 flashes that give
more than 10 years of lifespan with a measurement every
minute.

This considerably reduces

maintenance and the risk of
wrong measurement due to
aged lamps or replacement of
lamps. All the measurements over a few weeks can be
downloaded with the RS232 module using a Hyper
Terminal of Windows on any laptop, no specific software is
required. The data are compatible with standard
Sampling pump worksheets as Excel for graphs, printing or archiving.

An optional built-in peristaltic pump can be added, to take Automatic cleaning system
sample directly from rivers,
reservoirs or open channels
with a maximum pumping Quartz flow cell
height of 5 meters. Diaphragm pmp

A strainer prevents large

suspended solids from entering
the analyser.

The easy-to-load pump head

facilitates tubing replacement. H2SO4
5%

No filtering with river water or waste Cleaning solution 3-way electric valve

water Once a day, a low cost cleaning solution (5% sulphuric

Due to large bore tubing and a German patented inlet
electric-valve with pivoting armature, unfiltered water can
be admitted into the UVpcx analyser with very low risk of
clogging.
This significantly reduces the initial cost of the measuring
system and especially the cost of maintenance.
A double wavelength measuring system compensates for
the effect of turbidity and suspended solid for COD, nitrate,
hydrocarbons, fluorescent tracers and colour
measurement.
acid) is automatically injected into the flow cell to clean it.
An auto-zero is performed at the same time.
The autonomy is about 2 weeks with the built-in 2-litre
tank. An alarm is generated if the cleaning solution tank is
empty.
Operating cost
The operating cost is limited to the refilling of the 2-litre
tank of cleaning solution every 2 weeks with 5% sulphuric
acid on distilled water.

For effluent measurements, tap water instead of distilled

water can be tolerated after checking.
COD
Measuring principle The correlation for industrial wastewater may need an
experimentation to be validated while results are
Measurement
guaranteed on river water or urban wastewater.
photodetector
This method is in accordance with the DIN38404-C3
standard and can be considered as an alternative method
referring to the AFNOR XPT90-210 standard.
(In) (Out)

Ranges and calibration

Two ranges are available on the UVpcx according to the
flow cell:
Reference
UV lamp Flow cell
photodetector
Low range with 10 mm flow cell for drinking or river
water: 0 100 mg/l KMnO4 COD

High range with 1 mm flow cell for effluents:

The measuring principle is based on the UV light
0 5,000 mg/l COD (depends of the effluent)
absorption by unsaturated organic molecules at 254nm
according to the Beer-Lambert law: The instrument is pre-calibrated for river water on the low
range and for urban wastewater on the high range.
[C] = k log (Iin/Iout) With [C]: sample concentration
k : absorption coefficient (specific to each molecule) For a specific effluent, the ratio COD/UV can be entered in
Iin : light intensity at the input of the sample the instrument according to laboratory COD
Iout : light intensity at the output of the sample measurements.
Turbidity, suspended solids or dirt on the flow cell is
automatically compensated by a differential measurement Application for sewage and wastewater
with a second detector at a reference wavelength.
The COD of the final effluent is a critical parameter for
The approximate ratio COD/UV (ppm.abs- 1.m) is given environmental requirements of many chemical and food
below for a few chemicals: industries as well as municipal sewage treatment plants. A
fast and reliable on-line measuring system is needed.
Acrolein 3
Benzene 5 If the correlation with COD is assumed, UV absorption
Chlorobenzene 5 appears to be the most adapted and cost-effective
method; no filtering, no reagents, no consumables,
Dimethyldisulfide 3.5
no dilution is required.
Hydrogen peroxide 1.5
Nitro benzene 0.15 Application for river water
Phenol 5
Styrene 0.25 Many studies have been conducted on river water to
demonstrate the relation between UV absorption and
Tetrachloroethylene 0.5
COD:
Toluene 5
Triethylamine 1 American Public Health Association Standards methods
Xylene 7 for the determination of water and Wastewater UV
Absorbing organic constituents, p5-60, 1995.
Generally, the sample is a mixture of many different
molecules giving an average absorption coefficient. Comparison UV/COD on river water

COD UV/COD
This means that the instrument must be calibrated 16
according to a COD laboratory measurement before using. 14

12
Also, the ratio of the different molecules must remain
mg/l COD (KMno4 method)

10
approximately constant to assume a good correlation with
8
laboratory COD.
6

The UV absorption can be considered as an alternative 4

method for lab COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) when 2

fast, reliable and inexpensive measurements with very low 0

1 Jan 2 Jan 3 Jan 4 Jan 5 Jan 6 Jan 7 Jan 8 Jan 9 Jan 10 Jan 11 Jan 12 Jan
maintenance are required.
J.C. ROSTANG, C.MOUVET-Contribution of UV
spectrometry and dissolved organic matter to the studies of
the functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Science de
l'Eau, 5(1986) 9-28.
V.LEMAUVIEL-Utilisation de la spectrometrie U.V. dans
l'analyse des eaux naturelles. Rapport DIREN-SEMA Basse
Normandie, 1994.
water monitoring for environmental studies and drinking
water treatment plants.
Successful and cost-efficient applications are also reported
for automatic coagulant dozing.
The graph shows a typical relation between UV absorption
and COD on river water.

The applications concern mainly river monitoring, sewage

BOD, TOC Online Analyzer (correlation type)

Measuring principle

Measurement
photodetector

(In) (Out)

Comparison UV/COD on river water

COD UV/COD
9000
UV lamp Flow cell Reference 8000
photodetector
7000
mg/l COD (KMno4 method)

6000
5000
4000

Measuring principle 3000

2000

Based on unsaturated organic molecules in the 254 nm 1000

0
wavelength get ultraviolet absorption reaction, then use 1 Mar 2 Mar 3 Mar 4 Mar 5 Mar 6 Mar 7 Mar 8 Mar 9 Mar 10 Mar11 Mar 12 Mar

Beer - Lambert conversion law[C] = k log(I in / I out)

Which:[C]:Sample concentration; k:UV absorption and

Ratio UV/COD on river water
BOD linear correlation coefficient ; I in: Incidence light
35
intensity; I out: Transmission light intensity
30

Reliability of application 25

20
UV

The chart (1) shows that the typical linear relationship 15

between the river water (water quality ingredients more 10
stable) UV and TOC/BOD value.Even in the water quality of 5
y = 1.54x + 0.20
R3 = 0.99
the more complex cases, there is a typical linear relationship
0
between the river water (water quality ingredients more 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
COD mg/l (KMno4 method)
stable) UV and TOC/BOD value.

Typical configuration setup: COD, BOD, TOC (correlation type): CX3900

MODEL CX1000-3900
Type Range 1 Range 2 Range 3 Range 4
Flow cell 2 mm 3 mm 5 mm 10 mm
Scale Factor 500 333 200 100
Calib Factor 1 1 1 1
Abs/m 100 750 450 200
COD Range 5000 2000 800 200
SPECIFICATION
1.0 GENERAL

Doc#CIG/0414/367/V1.R1
1.1 MANUFACTURER AWA Instruments Singapore
1.2 SERIES CX 1000 series
1.3 CHANNELS / TYPE Single Channel Analyser Co-Relation Type
1.4 METHOD UV Absorption
1. 5 ANALYSER MODELS Model COD BOD pH TSS
CX1000-3912 0-200 mg/l 0-100 mg/l 0-14 pH 0-450 mg/l
CX1000-3922 0-800 mg/l 0-400 mg/l 0-14 pH 0-750 mg/l
CX1000-3932 0-2000 mg/l 0-1000 mg/l 0-14 pH 0-1500 mg/l
CX1000-3952 0-5000 mg/l 0-2500 mg/l 0-14 pH 0-2000 mg/l

1.6 CALIBRATION Manual Calibration (Zero check - DM water or Pure water)

1.7 OPERATION CYCLE Continuous or batch type
2.0 SAMPLE CONDITIONS
2.1 TEMPERATURE +5 to +80 Deg. C
2.2 PRESSURE 0.3-1 bar
2.3 FLOW RATE 5-10 LPH
2.4 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE < 150 micron
3.0 ANALYZER
3.1 TYPE Advanced Microprocessor based system
3.2 ACCURACY 5% - 10% of F.S.
3.3 DISPLAY TYPE Touch screen, Alpha Numeric Display 240 x 128 Pixels LCD with Backlit
3.4 RESPONSE TIME 10 Sec
3.5 MEASURING CYCLE Programmable / Normally 3-5 mins
3.6 ANALOG OUTPUT 0/ 4-20 mA. DC, Isolated
3.7 ENCLOSURE PROTECTION Comply to IP54
3.8 RELAY OUTPUTS Dry Contact alarms for high and high-high set points, monitor failure,
microprocessor failure
3.9 POWER SUPPLY 110- 230V AC,50Hz, 30 VA
3.10 TEMP LIMITS 0-50 Deg C.
3.11 DIGITAL OUTPUT RS 232, (MRS-485, Optional)
3.12 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 0 to 50 Deg. C

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Tel.: 91(0)20 - 27442020
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