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In these notes, we will learn the basic of averages, median and mode. To begin with, first
please note that Arithmatic mean, average, or simply the mean have same definition, meaning
these are different words for same concept.
Definition:
Arithmatic mean, or the average of a certain set of N numbers is simply equal to the sum of
those numbers divided by N.i.e
Average of N numbers =
And that is all. So, to find average of 4 numbers, we will first add (+) all the four numbers, and
then divide the result by 4. This will be equal to their Mean, Arithmatic mean or Average.
Q:1
Q.1 If the average of 5,6,7 and w is 8. What is the value of w?
A. 8
B. 12
C. 14
D. 16
E. 24
Solution:
As we studied above, just apply formula of average and put average = 8, As there are 4
numbers (5,6,7 and w), so N=4 here.
Average of N numbers =
8=
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Move 4 to left side: 8x4 = 5+6+7+w
OR: 32=18+w
OR: 32-18 = w
Q:2
Q.2 The average of five numbers is 54. If three of the numbers are 26, 28 and 30,
then what is the average of other two?
A. 91
B. 93
C. 54
D. 186
Solution:
Before solving, just think, if first 3 numbers are 26,28 and 30, then what should be the last two
to make overall average equal to 54. As average is central value of a data set, therefore, the last
numbers (or their average) should be much higher than 54 to balance these smaller numbers.
Looking at options, I guess answer is option A or B. Option C is impossible, option D is just
too big.
Now apply formula of average on all the five numbers, letting last two unknown numbers are
M and N.
54 =
OR: 270=84+M+N
OR: M+N=270-84=186
= 93 (Option B)
Remember: Answer what is being asked in the question and NOT what do you think should
have been asked!!
Here what was asked was AVERAGE of last two numbers, NOT SUM of last two numbers. If
you just find M+N=186, and mark answer (D) (=186), it would be foolishly wrong. So, tip is to
read the question carefully before solving, and just estimate the answer in your head before
calculations like we did here.
Q:3
Q.3 Ahmad took 5 Chemistry tests during the semester and average of his test scores
was 85. If his average after first three tests was 83, what was the average of his
fourth and fifth test?
A. 83
B. 85
C. 87
D. 88
E. 90
Solution:
Before solving, just think, if the total average of 5 tests is 85, and average of first three tests is
83, then the average of last two tests must be greater than 85 so that NET average of 5 tests
Q:4
Q.4 If x + y = 6, y + z = 7 and z + x = 9. What is the average of x, y and z?
A. 11/3
B. 11/2
C. 22/3
D. 11
E. 22
Solution:
Average of x, y and z =
Remember: When you are given two equations in a questions, add (+) them or subtract (-)
them. When there are three equations, just add (+) them !! You will MOST PROBABLY get your
required answer!!
Or: x + y + z = 11,
As we have to find (x+y+z)/3, so divide whole equation by 3 to get Average = 11/3 (A). Here
once again, if you had stopped at x+y+z=11 and marked answer = D, that would be wrong.
First carefully understand what is being asked!!
Q:5
Q.5 On Thursday, 20 of the 25 students took a Chemistry test and their average was
80. On Friday, the other 5 students took the test and their average was 90. What was
the average of entire class?
Solution:
Before solving, just think, if the average of 20 students is 80 and remaining 5 students is 90.
The overall average must be between 80 and 90. Next, as more students are towards 80 (Only 5
students are towards 90), so average is more close to 80 than 90.i.e answer must be something
between 80 and 85.
Now solving, for for first 20 students:
So, Total score of 20 students = 80 x 20 = 1600. [Average = Sum/20 - Sum = Average x 20]
And, Score of other 5 students = 90 x 5 = 450.
So, Total Score =1600+450 = 2050. .
So, Net average of whole (entire) class = 2050/25 = 410/5 = 82. (ANS).
Q:6
Q.6 What is the average of all positive integers from 1 to 100?
A. 49
B. 49.5
C. 50
D. 50.5
E. 51
Solution:
Average of 100 numbers = ;
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Now we can NOT add all numbers manually, so please remember the following formula to
find sum of n numbers in an Arithematic Sequence:
a1 + an]
Where:
S = Sum of N numbers.
N = Number of terms. (Here N = 100)
a1 = First term of sequence (Here a1 = 1)
an = Last term of sequence (Here an = 100).
So,
Sum = S = 100/2 x (1+100) = 50 x (101).
Or, Average = S/100 = 50/100 x 101 = 101/2 = 50.5 (D).
Median:
When a set of numbers is arranged in an order .i.e either Ascending order (from smallest
number to largest number) or Descending order (from largest number to smallest number), the
Middle number is called Median.
1. When total numbers in a data set are odd, then the data will have only 1 middle value
which will be its median. e.g for the following data set:
11,13,15,17,21,29,36.
There are total 7 numbers (hence odd), and all numbers are already arranged in
ascending order, so middle value is the median of this data which is 17. It is at the
centre of the data from either end.
2. When total numbers in a data set are even, then the data will have 2 middle values.
Median will then be equal to average of these two middle values. e.g for the following
data set:
11,13,15,17,21,29,36,39,40,45.
There are total 10 numbers (hence even), and all numbers are already arranged in
ascending order, so there are two middle values which are 21 and 29. They are at the
centre from both ends. So, Median of data set= (21+29)/2 = 50/2 = 25
11,13,11,17,21,13,25,13,25,36,11
Both 11 and 13 are repeated 3 times, so data has 2 modes, 11 and 13.
Q:7
Q.7 During a ten day period, Azhar received following number of phone calls each
day, 2,3,9,3,5,7,7,10,6,7. What is the average of median and mode of this data?
A. 6
B. 6.25
C. 6.5
D. 6.75
E. 7
Solution:
Average of Median and Mode = (Median + Mode) / 2.
1. Median:
First arrange data in ascending order:
2,3,3,5,6,7,7,7,9,10.
As total values are even (.i.e.10), so median is average of two middle values which are
6 and 7. So median = (6+7)/2 = 6.5.
2. Mode:
In given data, 7 repeats more than any other value (3 times), so Mode = 7.
Finally: Ans = (Median + Mode) /2 = (6.5+7)/2 = 13.5/5 = 6.75 (D).
[HINT: From geometry, sum of interior angles of a triangle = S = 180 degree, so average = S/3 = 60 0]
ANS=600.
A. 0.75
B. 10.5
C. 12
D. 27
ANS=D
Zeros equal to number of digits AFTER decimal point. Then do cutting before
multiplication.e.g:
4.25 = 425/100 = 85/20 = 17/4
A. 4
B. 6
C. 12
D. 0
ANS=B
A. 359
B. 39+319+329
C. 357
D. 311+321+331
310-1+320-1+330-1= 39+319+329. For details on exponents and power rules, plz see the notes
Exponents. ]
ANS=B
A. 7/2
B. 7
C. 7/4
D. 4/7
[HINT: Average of x and y = (x+y)/2; first divide whole given equation by 20 to get: x+y = 70/20 =
7/2, but we have to find (x+y)/2 , {not x+y}, so just divide whole equation by 2 again to get (x+y)/2 =
7/2 2 = 7/2x1/4 = 7/4]
ANS=C
ANS=B
[HINT: Just like question#5, divide whole equation by 10, a+b = 35/10 = 7/2, now divide by 2,
Average = (a+b)/2 = 7/4 = 1.75.]
ANS=7/4 or 1.75
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
]
ANS=E.
210-1+220-1= 29+219. For details on exponents and power rules, plz see the notes Exponents.]
ANS=C
Q. 10:
ANS=C
Q. 11 Kashifs average score on first 4 tests is 80. What score should he get on fifth test to
make his overall average of five tests equal to 84?
A. 82
B. 84
C. 92
D. 96
E. 100
[HINT: To balance 4 tests on lower side of 84, answer must be much higher than 88. i.e Total score of
5 tests = 84x5 = 420. Score in first 4 tests = 80x4=320, so fifth tests score = 420-320=100]
ANS=E
Q. 12 Kashifs average score on first 4 tests is 80. If total score on each test is 100, then
what minimum score can he get on fifth test and still have a chance to make his average of
7 tests equal to 85?
A. 60
B. 70
C. 75
D. 80
E. 85
[HINT: Score in first 4 tests = 80x4 = 320, now to make average of 7 tests equal to 85, total score in
7 tests = 85x7 = 595. So, score in 5th + 6th+ 7th test (last 3 tests) = 595-320 = 275. Now if he wants
to score minimum (LEAST) on fifth test, he must get maximum on sixth and seventh test, i.e he should
get 100 marks each in 6th and 7th test, so MINIMUM score in 5th test = 275 100 100 = 75]
ANS=C
[HINT: By arithmetic sum formula: S = n/2 x (2+100) = n/2 x (102) = nx51. So, average = Sum/n =
S/n = (nx51)/n = 51. n=50 here, but as you see, question can be solved even without the value of n]
ANS=D
Q. 14 Eight students in a class get 60% marks, 3 students get 75%, 2 get 80% and 7 get
45% in a test. What are the average marks of whole class?
A. 49%
B. 29%
C. 51%
D. 59%
ANS=D
Q. 15 Salman is paid R rupees per hour for first 8 hours of job daily. For every hour after
the first 8 hours, he is paid S rupees per hour. If he works 12 hours in a daily, what is his
average hourly income of the day?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ANS=D
Q. 16 Asim had an average of 60 on first 4 math tests. After taking fifth test, his average
dropped to 58. What was his fifth test score?
A. 32
B. 40
C. 48
D. 50
[HINT: 4 tests score = 60x4=240. Total 5 tests score = 58x5=290. So, fifth test score = 290-240=50]
ANS=D
[HINT: Remember a formula from geometry, for a polygon (any closed figure) of N sides:
x 1800
For example, for a triangle, N=3, so sum of interior angles = (3-2)x180 = 1800. Now a pentagon has 5
sides, so Sum of interior angles = (5-2)x1800 = 3x1800, so average = S/5 = 3x180/5 = 3x36 = 1080]
ANS=108 degrees
A. 50
B. 55
C. 60
D. 62.5
E. 65
ANS=D